• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.441-444
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• 2008

본 연구에서의 초고성능 콘크리트(Ultra High Performance Concrete, UHPC)는 모래, 시멘트, 실리카퓸, 석영미분말, 강섬유 및 고성능감수제 등으로 구성되며, 평균입경 약 0.5mm이하의 아주 작은 입자들로 구성된다. 일반적으로 석영미분말는 일정크기 이상의 공극을 메움으로써 물리적 성능개선의 효과가 있으며 또한 높은 $SiO_2$함량을 가지므로 고온 또는 고압의 양생조건에서 시멘트 수화물과의 화학반응을 통해서도 성능 향상효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 상압, $90^{\circ}C$ 증기양생 조건에서 석영미분말의 입자크기가 초고성능 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 평가항목으로는 굳지 않은 상태에서의 유동성과 굳은 상태에서의 압축강도, 극한변형률, 탄성계수 및 휨강도를 평가하였다. 석영미분말의 입경크기의 영향은 약 $2{\mu}m$에서 $26{\mu}m$까지의 범위에서 고려하였으며, 입경 크기가 작을수록 유동성 및 강도특성이 모두 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

This paper describes experimental study and performance improvement of 2 stage Gifford-McMahon (G-M) type pulse tube cryocooler for cryopump. The objective of this study is to improve the efficiency of 2 stage pulse tube cryocooler for substituting 2 stage G-M cryocooler used in cryopump. The target cooling capacities are 5 W at 20 K and 35 W at 80 K for the $1^{st}$ and the $2^{nd}$ stage, respectively. These values are good cooling capacities for vacuum level in medium size ICP 200 cryopump. Design of the 2 stage pulse tube cryocooler is conducted by FZKPTR(Forschungs Zentrum Karlsruhe Pulse Tube Refrigerator) program. In order to improve the performance of 2 stage pulse tube cryocooler, U-type pulse tube cryocooler is fabricated and connecting tubes are minimized for reducing dead volumes and pressure losses. Also, to get larger capacities, orifice valves and double inlet valves are optimized and the compressor of 6 kW is used. On the latest unit, the lowest temperatures of 2 stage pulse tube cryocooler are 42 K ($1^{st}$ stage) and 8.3 K ($2^{nd}$ stage) and the cooling capacities are 40 W at 82.9 K ($1^{st}$ stage) and 10 W at 20.5 K ($2^{nd}$ stage) with 6.0 kW of compressor input power. This pulse tube cryocooler is suited for commercial medium size cryopump. In performance test of cryopump with 2 stage pulse tube cryocooler, pumping speed for gaseous nitrogen is 4,300 L/s and the ultimate vacuum pressure is $7.5{\times}10^{-10}$ mbar.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.497-520
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• 2016

The confined concrete stress-strain curves utilised in computational models of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns can have a significant influence on the accuracy of the predicted behaviour. A generic model is proposed for predicting the stress-strain behaviour of confined concrete in short circular, elliptical and octagonal CFST columns subjected to axial compression. The finite element (FE) analysis is carried out to simulate the concrete confining pressure in short circular, elliptical and octagonal CFST columns. The concrete confining pressure relies on the geometric and material parameters of CFST columns. The post-peak behaviour of the concrete stress-strain curve is determined using independent existing experimental results. The strength reduction factor is derived for predicting the descending part of the confined concrete behaviour. The fibre element model is developed for the analysis of circular, elliptical and octagonal CFST short columns under axial loading. The FE model and fibre element model accounting for the proposed concrete confined model is verified by comparing the computed results with experimental results. The ultimate axial strengths and complete axial load-strain curves obtained from the FE model and fibre element model agree reasonably well with experimental results. Parametric studies have been carried out to examine the effects of important parameters on the compressive behaviour of short circular, elliptical and octagonal CFST columns. The design model proposed by Liang and Fragomeni (2009) for short circular, elliptical and octagonal CFST columns is validated by comparing the predicted results with experimental results.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2003

이 논문에서는 정보보안 분야의 각종의 위험신호(risk signal)에 대해 조직이 왜 적절한 대응을 하지 못하는 가를 조직의 구조적 측면에서 그 원인을 분석하고자 하였다. 위기는 갑자기 오지 않으며, 많은 경우 위기는 위기와 관련한 위험신호(risk signal)를 제기하면서 진전된다. 이러한 위험신호에 대해 적절하게 대응하는 경우, 위험은 새로운 기회를 만들어내게 되지만 그러하지 않은 경우 위험은 경제적, 비경제적인 측면에서 재난적인 결과를 초래할 가능성을 갖는다. 이 논문에서는 인과지도(causal diagram)을 이용하여 시스템적인 관점에서 환류하는 인과 고리의 관점에서 현상을 분석하는 시스템 다이나믹스적인 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과, 조직의 성장과 업적 위주의 분위기가 일종의 압력이 되어, 안전에 대한 불감을 강화하게 되며, 이는 각종의 위험신호들에 내재된 위험성에 대해 과소평가하는 압력으로 작용하게 되는 점을 분석하였다. 이는 나아가서 기술적 기반에 대해 적절한 투자가 이루어지 못하게 하고, 정보보안과 관련한 학습을 적절하게 하지 못하도록 한 것으로 나타난다. 이 논문은 탐색적으로 정보보안 분야에서의 위험신호와 조직학습과의 관계를 분석한 탐색적 연구로서의 성격을 가진다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.402-410
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• 1997

Developing a salt core for squeeze casting process, two different salt cores(pure salt core and mixed salt core) were fabricated and investigated. Pure salt core was composed of 100% NaCl and mixed salt core was made by mixtures of NaCl with MgO(1%), $Na_2B_4O_7$(2%), and talc(1%) as a binder or a strengthening agent. Salt cores were compacted to various theoretical density, heat treated, and then squeeze-cast with molten Al alloy(AC8A). The compression strength of salt cores were measured and the squeeze-cast products were examined for shape retention, infiltration of molten metal into the cores, and microstructures. The shape of salt core compacted at above 75% of the theoretical density was maintained stably. The higher theoretical density of salt cores gave higher compression strength, and the compression strength of mixed salt core was higher than that of pure salt core. Namely at 90% theoretical density, the compression strength of mixed salt core was $6.3 kg/mm^2$, compared to $4.6 kgmm^2$ for pure salt core. At a squeeze casting pressure of $1000 kg/cm^2$, molten Al alloy was infiltrated into pure salt core of under 85% of the theoretical density. At squeeze casting pressure of $1000 kg/cm^2$, only mixed salt core above 90% of the theoretical density were valid, but the shape of the core was altered in the case of pure salt core at 90% of theoretical density. A key factor for developing a salt core for squeeze casting process was estimated as the ultimate compressive strength of salt core.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.613-618
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• 2011

More than 7 million persons use Seoul Metropolitan Subways (SMS) everyday and the number has been in increasing trend. With the increasing trend of concerns on indoor air quality(IAQ), the management of IAQ has become an important issue, especially in case of subway operators, because most of subway lines are placed underground with poor ventilation condition. The ultimate object of study develop independent cleaning device that reduce efficient fine particle and $CO_2$. Urban subway has characteristics about proper clean air flow, must be installed in narrow space and maintenance cycle has enough time. Two layered electrically pre-charged filters were used for removing particulate matters and gas absorbers are packed between two layer filters for removing gases pollutants such $CO_2$, VOCs and HCHO. Urban subway has characteristics about proper clean air flow, must be installed in narrow space and maintenance cycle has enough time. SCAP prototype is producted as all in one method which decrease fine dust, $CO_2$ and noxious gas. and basic test carry out with quantity of wind, a gap of pressure, sampling efficiency.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Anchors are primarily designed and constructed to resist outwardly directed loads imposed on the foundation of a structure. These outwardly directed loads are transmitted to the soil at a greater depth by the anchors. Buried anchors have been used for thousands of years to stabilize structures. Various types of earth anchors are now used for the uplift resistance of transmission towers, utility poles, submerged pipelines, and tunnels. Anchors are also used for the tieback resistance of earth-retaining structures, waterfront structures, at bends in pressure pipelines, and when it is necessary to control thermal stress. In this research, we analyzed the uplift behavior of plate anchors in clay using a laboratory experiment to estimate the uplift behavior of plate anchors under various conditions. To achieve the research purpose, the uplift resistance and displacement characteristics of plate anchors caused by the embedment ratio, plate diameter, and loading rate were studied, compared, and analyzed for various cases.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.599-613
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• 2003

Purpose: The ultimate aim of the inquiry was to discover the essence of nurse's experience and promote understanding. Method : Guided by Colaizzi's method - 1. Description of the phenomena of interest by the reader. 2. collection of subject's description of the phenomena, 3. Reading all the subject's descriptions of the phenomenon, 4. Returning the original transcripts and extracting significant statements, 5. Trying to spell out the meaning of each significant statements, 6. Organizing the aggregate formalized meanings into clusters of themes. 7. Writing an exhaustive description, 8. Returning to the subjects for validation of the description, 9. If new data fare revealed during the validations incorporating them into an exhaustive description. The participants in this study were eight are nurses working for clinics. This strategies for data collecting were needed : deep face to face interview. Results : 6 cluster of themes are : 1. the heavy pressure, 2. the pride and the royal summons, 3. the powerlessness, 4. the hope, 5. the tiresome. 6. the distressed feeling. Conclusion : The results of the this study would help us to understand nurses in clinics, make direction for nursing education, and identify need for continuing inquiry.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.353-364
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• 2007

이 논문에서는 원전 격납건물의 극한내압능력 및 파괴모드 평가를 위해 개발된 비선형 유한요소해석 프로그램 NUCAS 코드에 대하여 기술하였다. NUCAS는 미시적인 재료모델을 도입한 퇴화 쉘 요소와 탄소성 재료모델을 도입한 저차고체요소로 구성되어 있고, 퇴화 쉘 요소와 저차고체요소는 유한요소에서 발생할 수 있는 강성과대(overstiffness) 및 묶임현상(locking phenomenon)을 방지하기 위해서 각각 가변형도법(assumed strain method)과 개선된 가변형도법(enhanced assumed strain method)을 적용하였다. 개발된 NUCAS코드의 성능을 검증하기 위해서 다양한 철근콘크리트 구조물의 벤치마크 테스트를 수행하였고, 그 결과로부터 이 논문에서 개발한 유한요소해석 프로그램의 해석결과는 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.489-501
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• 2020

This paper conducts a complicated coupled effective stress analysis of X-section-in-place concrete (XCC) pile installation and consolidation processes using the dual-stage Eulerian-Lagrangian (DSEL) technique incorporating the modified Cam-clay model. The numerical model is verified by centrifuge data and field test results. The main objective of this study is to investigate the shape effect of XCC pile cross-section on radial total stress, excess pore pressure and time-dependent strength. The discrepancies of the penetration mechanism and set-up effects on pile shaft resistance between the XCC pile and circular pile are discussed. Particular attention is placed on the time-dependent strength around the XCC pile shaft. The results show that soil strength improved more significantly close to the flat side compared with the concave side. Additionally, the computed ultimate shaft resistance of XCC pile incorporating set-up effects is 1.45 times that of the circular pile. The present findings are likely helpful in facilitating the incorporation of set-up effects into XCC pile design practices.