• Computational Structural Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 1991

This paper presents an efficient and accurate method for nonlinear analysis of frame structures by idealized structural unit method. The main idea behind the present method is to minimize the computational effort by reducing the number of unknowns. An explicit form of the tangential elastic stiffness matrix of the element is derived by the principle of virtual work. The ultimate limit state of the element is judged on the basis of the formation of a plastic hinge mechanism. The elasto-plasto-plastic stiffness matrix of the element is derived by plastic node method and the post-ultimate stiffness equation is formulated under a simple analytic consideration. A comparison between the present solution and the existing experimental and other numerical result for unit column member and simple frame structure is made. If is clear from the result of this study that the present method is very useful because the computing time required is very small while giving the accurate solution.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.337-350
• /
• 2019

The objective of this paper is to investigate the confinement coefficient of concrete-filled square stainless steel tubular (CFSSST) stub columns under axial loading. A fine finite 3D solid element model was established, which utilized a constitutive model of stainless steel considering the strain-hardening characteristics and a triaxial plastic-damage constitutive model of concrete with features of the parameter certainty under axial compression. The finite element analysis results revealed that the increased ultimate bearing capacity of CFSSST stub columns compared with their carbon steel counterparts was mainly due to that the composite action of CFSSST stub columns is stronger than that of carbon steel counterparts. A further parametric study was carried out based on the verified model, and it was found that the stress contribution of the stainless steel tube is higher than the carbon steel tube. The stress nephogram was simplified reasonably in accordance with the limit state of core concrete and a theoretical formula was proposed to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of square CFSSST stub columns using superposition method. The predicted results showed satisfactory agreement with both the experimental and FE results. Finally, the comparisons of the experimental and predicted results using the proposed formula and the existing codes were illustrated.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.329-338
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study verified the safety of the improved box-type girder behavior by comparing and evaluating the bending behavior results of a full-scale specimen based on the analytical behavior of the splice element PSC U-shaped girder with integrated tensioning systems. Method: Based on the results of the service and strength limit state design using the bridge design standard(limit state design method), the applied load of a 40m full-scale specimen was calculated and a static loading experiment using the four-point loading method was performed. Result: When the design load, crack load, and ultimate load were applied, the specimen deflection occurred at 97.1%, 98.5%, and 79.0% of the analytical deflection value. When the design load, crack load, and ultimate load were applied, the crack gauge was measured at 0.009~0.035mm, 0.014~0.050mm, and 6.383~5.522mm at each connection. Conclusion: The specimen behaved linear-elastically until the crack load was applied, and after cracks occurred, it showed strainhardening up to the ultimate load, and it was confirmed that the resistance of bending behavior was clearly displayed against the applied load. The cracks in the dry joints were less than 25% of grade B based on the evaluation of facility condition standard. The final residual deformation after removing the ultimate load was 0.114mm, confirming the stable behavior of the segment connection.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.91-106
• /
• 2018

This paper investigates the deflection of the steel-concrete composite truss beam (SCCTB) at the serviceability limit state. A precise solution for the distributed uplift force of the SCCTB, considering five different loading types, is first derived based on the differential and equilibrium equations. Furthermore, its approximate solution is proposed for practical applications. Subsequently, the shear slip effect corresponding to the shear stiffness of the stub connectors, uplift effect corresponding to the axial stiffness of the stub connectors and shear effect corresponding to the brace deformation of the steel truss are considered in the derivation of deflection. Formulae for estimating the SCCTB deflection are proposed. Moreover, based on the proposed formulae, a practical design method is developed to provide an effective and convenient tool for designers to estimate the SCCTB deflection. Flexure tests are carried out on three SCCTBs. It is observed that the SCCTB stiffness and ultimate load increase with an increase in the shear interaction factor. Finally, the reliability of the practical design method is accurately verified based on the available experimental results.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.300-310
• /
• 2014

This paper presents a mooring design procedure of a floating offshore wind turbine. The environment data of south offshore area of Jeju collected from Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration(KHOA) are used for hydrodynamic analyses as environmental conditions. We considered a semi-submersible type floating wind turbine based on Offshore Code Comparison Collaborative Continuation(OC4) DeepCWind platform and National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) 5 MW class wind turbine. Catenary mooring with studless chain is chosen as the mooring system. Important design decisions such as how large the nomial sizes are, how long the mooring lines are, how far the anchor points are located, are demonstrated in detail. Considering ultimate limit state and fatigue limit state based on 100-year return period and 50-year design life, respectively, longterm predictions of breaking strength and fatigue are proposed.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2017

Due to the nature of semi-submergible drilling rig, various equipments are arranged in a limited space, and therefore the many types of outfitting holes passing through the hull structure are densely arranged and that is required the detailed structural strength evaluation in terms of ULS and FLS by class or client. Particularly, semi-submergible drilling rig has a variety of global load which affects the structure strength around holes compared to general commercial ship, and its response of stress is also complicated, so it is difficult to carry out the prediction design of structural strength evaluation and reinforcement. In this regard, this paper presents a case study on the evaluation of structural strength for the various holes and large openings of semi-submergible drilling rig conducted by our company, as well as an established hole verification procedure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2005.03a
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2005

Recently construction activities increase in reclaimed onshore areas. It is therefore considered an important factor for the design of pile foundation with problems in terms of settlements due to soft grounds. Nevertheless the design of piles for negative skin friction(or downdrag forces) is probably poorly understood by many engineers. It is mainly because the most of design specification give a way to design pile foundation in bearing capacity aspect although the negative skin friction is related to settlement(downdrag). Under LRFD(load resistance factor design) approach it is to separately consider ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. This paper discusses LRFD approach to the design of piles for negative skin friction and compares this approach to traditional design approach. And also a case history is analyzed in that point of view.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1175-1194
• /
• 2016

Nonlinear models, capable of taking into account all the phenomena involved in the cracking and in the failure of lightly reinforced concrete beams, are nowadays available for a rigorous calculation of the minimum reinforcement. To simplify the current approaches, a new procedure is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the ductility index, which is lower than zero for under-reinforced concrete beams in bending, is introduced. The results of a general model, as well as the data measured in several tests, reveal the existence of two linear relationships between ductility index, crack width, and the amount of steel reinforcement. The above relationships can be applied to a wide range of lightly reinforced concrete beams, regardless of the geometrical dimensions and of the mechanical properties of materials. Accordingly, if only a few tests are combined with this linear relationships, a new design-by-testing procedure can be used to calculate the minimum reinforcement, which guarantees both the control of cracking in service and the ductility at failure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.571-585
• /
• 2023

The application of relatively low volumes of fibres in normal strength concrete has been shown to be of significant benefit when applied to composite slabs with profiled sheet decking. This paper reports on an experimental study aimed at quantifying further potential benefits that may arise from applying ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete. To assess performance six simply supported beams were tested under hogging and sagging loading configurations along with three two span continuous beams. Fibre contents are varied from 0% to 2% and changes in strength, deformation, crack width and moment redistribution are measured. At the serviceability limit state, it is shown that the addition of high fibre volumes can significantly enhance member stiffness and reduce crack widths in all beams. At the ultimate limit state it is observed that a transition from 0% to 1% fibres significantly increases strength but that there is a maximum fibre volume beyond which no further increases in strength are possible. Conversely, member ductility and moment redistribution are shown to be strongly proportional to fibre volume.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2009

Common structural rule (CSR) doesn' t provide any other specific regulations for permanent means of access (PMA) platform structure in a cargo oil tank. The PMA platform is recommended to comply with scantling requirement of local support member. However, it leads to too conservative scantlings compared with actual loads imposed on the platform. This paper proposes a strength assessment procedure for the PMA structure based on a nonlinear ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is evaluated in a sufficiently conservative way. The first linear buckling mode is used as an initial imperfection shape and its magnitude is determined using the definitions of DNV PULS. Since the same imperfection mode as the failure mode of the ultimate limit state is assumed, it can accelerate the failure. Au ultimate strength capacity curve obtained from a series of nonlinear FE analysis is compared with actual stresses calculated by CSR cargo hold analysis.