• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.245-255
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• 2023

The present paper summarizes the results of an experimental program on the influence of using waste lathe scraps in the concrete mixture on the shear behavior of RC beams with different amounts of shear reinforcement. Three different volumetric ratios (1, 2 and %3) for the scraps and three different stirrup spacings (160, 200 and 270 mm) were adopted in the tests. The shear span-to-depth ratios of the beams were 2.67 and the stirrup spacing exceeded the maximum spacing limit in the building codes to unfold the contribution of lathe scraps to the shear resistances of shear-deficient beams, subject to shear-dominated failure (shear-tension). The experiments depicted that the lathe scraps have a pronounced contribution to the shear strength and load-deflection behavior of RC beams with widely-spaced stirrups. Namely, with the addition of 1%, 2% and 3% waste lathe scraps, the load-bearing capacity escalated by 9.1%, 21.8% and 32.8%, respectively, compared to the reference beam. On the other hand, the contribution of the lathe scraps to the load capacity decreases with decreasing stirrup spacing, since the closely-spaced stirrups bear the shear stresses and render the contribution of the scraps to shear resistance insignificant. The load capacity, deformation ductility index (DDI) and modulus of toughness (MOT) values of the beams were shown to increase with the volumetric fraction of scraps if the stirrups are spaced at about two times the beam depth. For the specimens with a stirrup spacing of about the beam depth, the scraps were found to have no considerable contribution to the load capacity and the deformation capacity beyond the ultimate load. In other words, for lathe scrap contents of 1-3%, the DDI values increased by 5-23% and the MOT values by 63.5-165% with respect to the reference beam with a stirrup spacing of 270 mm. The influence of the lathe scraps to the DDI and MOT values were rather limited and even sometimes negative for the stirrup spacing values of 160 and 200 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.288-293
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• 2023

To optimize the process parameters of laser powder bed fusion process to fabricate the high density STS316L alloy, the effect of laser power, scanning speed and hatching distance on the relative density was studied. Tensile properties of additively manufactured STS316L alloy using optimized parameters was also evaluated according to the build direction. As a result of additive manufacturing process under the energy density of 55.6 J/mm³, 83.3 J/mm³ and 111.1 J/mm³, high density STS316L specimens was suitably fabricated when the energy density, power and scan speed were 83.3 J/mm³, 225 W and 1000 mm/s, respectively. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of STS316L specimens in direction perpendicular to the build direction, show the most competitive values. Anisotropic shape of the pores and the lack of fusion defects probably caused strain localization which result in deterioration of tensile properties.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.251-261
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• 2023

Objective: Farmers are known to have high prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). This study aims to investigate the current status of asthma and COPD in domestic and foreign farmers with the ultimate goal of raising awareness of asthma and COPD among farmers and contribute to supporting evidence for the prevention of respiratory diseases in farmers. Methods: The study utilized data from the "Farmer's Occupational Disease Survey," conducted by the Rural Development Administration, to determine the prevalence of respiratory diseases in domestic farmers. The prevalence of asthma and COPD in overseas farmers was evaluated by researching other foreign studies and articles. Results: The prevalence of asthma and COPD in domestic farmers was less than of foreign farmers'. The prevalence of asthma in domestic farmers was high as upto 8.4% and COPD upto 5.5%. Studies from Europe and America showed prevalence of asthma in farmers high as upto 14.8% and COPD upto 17.1%. Conclusions: This study conducted an investigation using the 'Survey on Occupational Diseases and Injuries in Farmers to understand the current status of asthma and COPD in domestic farmers. Due to a lack of relevant domestic research, we examined and compared with the research results on asthma and COPD among overseas farmers. Further research is necessary and preventive measures for respiratory diseases need to be developed.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-111
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• 2023

This paper examines the apparition of the Virgin Mary revealed in Rue du Bac, Paris, France, in 1830, from a perspective of analytical psychology. To do so, it amplifies the archetypal motifs manifested in the images of the Virgin Mary of Rue du Bac by introducing the medieval alchemical picture titled "Glorification of the body portrayed as the coronation of the Virgin Mary" from Reusner's Pandora (1588). This image of the Virgin Mary is full of archetypal motifs that show the process and end result of individuation, which is the main idea of Jungian psychology. These symbols that depict the individuation process, both in Reusner's Pandora and in the Mary of Rue du Bac, are expressions of mythologems, constituent elements of the collective unconscious. Jung noted that these mythologems are the ultimate base and matrix of all religions. Through examining the archetypal motifs, which appear in the Mary of Rue du Bac, the apparition of the Mary turns out to be the revelation of the archetypal image of the Self in a space-time continuum, which is constellated in the collective unconscious. That is, an archetypal figure revealed itself to a witness' ego-consciousness to whom a space-time continuum functions as a cognitive category. The Mary of Rue du Bac represents the union of the opposites of divinity and humanity, which lacks in the symbolism of the Cross in Christianity. In this regard, she is an image of the new savior, who opens the new aeon of the Aquarius. The revealed image of Mary shows that divinity originates from the inner realm of the human psyche, that corporeal human beings are the matrix in which the divine incarnates, and that human being is the subject of psychological redemption. The image of Mary awakens us to the value of divinity in the human psyche in the times when the spiritual values Christianity has retained declines drastically.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.32-48
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• 2023

Autonomous driving technology is shaping the future of personalized travel, encouraging personalized travel, and traffic impact could be influenced by individualized travel behavior during the transition of driving entity from human to machine. In order to evaluate traffic impact, it is necessary to estimate the total number of trips based on an understanding of individual travel characteristics. The Activity-based model(ABM), which allows for the reflection of individual travel characteristics, deals with all travel sequences of an individual. Understanding the relationship between travel and travel must be important for assessing traffic impact using ABM. However, the ABM has a limitation in the data hunger model. It is difficult to adjust in the actual demand forecasting. Therefore, we utilized a Tour-based model that can explain the relationship between travels based on household travel survey data instead. After that, vehicle registration and population data were used for correction. The result showed that, compared to the KTDB one, the traffic generation exhibited a 13% increase in total trips and approximately 9% reduction in working trips, valid within an acceptable margin of error. As a result, it can be used as a generation correction method based on Tour, which can reflect individual travel characteristics, prior to building an activity-based model to predict demand due to the introduction of autonomous vehicles in terms of road operation, which is the ultimate goal of this study.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.55-83
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• 2023

In this study, we propose the establishment of a specialized comic and webtoon library within the newly constructed library in Cheongju City. The aim is to create the library as the ultimate multi-cultural space, contributing to the enhancement of local residents' information utilization skills and future competencies. To achieve this, we conducted a foundational survey and current status analysis of a comic and webtoon specialized library, based on which we put forward a plan for its development. The research results yield the following outcomes: First, we provide concrete justifications and feasibility for the establishment of a comic and webtoon specialized library in Cheongju City. Second, we offer specific proposals for the vision, mission, roles, and functions of the comic and webtoon specialized library. Based on these research findings, if a comic and webtoon specialized library is constructed in Cheongju City, it has the potential to become a local landmark and serve as a unique cultural and tourist resource. Furthermore, by providing facilities and resources for various information services related to comic and webtoon creation and experiences, it can contribute to nurturing talents that lead the way in future industries.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-148
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• 2019

The Testament is 'the repository of the psyche' which can understand the images revealed from human life, mind, and numinous experiences. When the Scripture is psychologically interpreted, not only does it offer an abundance in biblical exegesis, but is also incredibly valuable in understanding the actual dimensions of life. This study examined the meaning of main visions in the Book of Revelation from the perspective of analytical psychology. The core contents of these visions are 1) the image of Christ represented as One like the Son of Man and Apocalyptic lamb, 2) Sun and Moon Woman and Dragon, 3) Whore Babylon and Bride New Jerusalem, 4) Hieros Gamos and Descending New Jerusalem. Such archetypal images lead to become conscious of an individual, and at the same time the visions of Revelation as a drama of archetype present the transion of civilization, as ultimately penetrating the history of the time period. This article contemplated on the characteristics of the archetypal image emerging in the visions and categorized them into the father archetype, mother archetype, or anima archetype. The ultimate purpose of all the visions can be understood as the ascent, conjunction and descent. This will mean to become conscious of human and incarnation of God, i.e. the individuation process. In our time suffering from masculine one-sidedness, the vision of new Jerusalem presents how the feminine can redeem an individual and this world.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.99-122
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• 2024

This study investigated librarians' awareness of and demand for the librarian learning community in order to successfully introduce and operate the librarian learning community. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted targeting current librarians and a total of 474 responses were collected. The main analysis results are as follows. Firstly, librarians showed a very low awareness of the librarian learning community, while they highly evaluated the purpose and significance of such a community. Secondly, the motivations for librarians to participate in the librarian learning community were primarily focused on professional growth, solidarity with colleagues, and satisfaction of intellectual curiosity, in that order. Thirdly, the ultimate values of the librarian learning community were identified as improving library services, enhancing professionalism, fostering collaborative group exploration, sharing values and visions. Fourthly, the success factors of the librarian-learning community were ranked as follows: member voluntarism, a culture of collaboration among members, dedicated time (once a week), and a supportive environment (budget, space, etc.). On the other hand, the failure factors were identified as a lack of time due to heavy workloads, lack of member voluntarism, indifference from superiors, and insufficient support environment (budget, space, etc.). Finally, the willingness to participate is also very high. Furthermore, it was observed that there is a wide range of interests in various topics among librarians. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic data for determining practical operation methods or selecting topics when operating a librarian learning community in the future.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.116-138
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• 2024

This study presents a new tool and protocol to assess the impact of 'Marine Invasive and Harmful Species' (MIHS) on marine environments and socio-economic aspects. It addresses shortcomings in the Marine Ecosystems Conservation and Management Act in South Korea by proposing an impact assessment framework divided into marine environmental and socio-economic groups. Six distinct evaluation categories are included in each group, and a semi-quantitative five-step scale is utilized to provide a flexible approach, addressing a variety of issues from ecological disturbances to effects on health and property. The assessment tool is applied through a systematic five-stage process based on the Delphi method. This approach posters collaboration among a diverse sets of experts and stakeholders, enabling a comprehensive evaluation that incorporates various perspectives. The study also examines strategies to effectively manage uncertainties and improve the consistency of the outcomes. The application of this assessment protocol is expected to be crucial in quantifying the ecological damage caused by MIHS and in identifying management and prevention priorities. The ultimate aim of this evaluation process is to aid decision-makers in developing strategies to preserve the marine ecosystem and mitigate socio-economic impacts.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2024

The external fuel tank of an aircraft is a main component that can increase the cruising range of the aircraft. It must be able to be stably separated from the pylon in an emergency situation. At this time, a separation load is applied to the fin and the pivot of the external fuel tank. To stably separate the external fuel tank, the structural soundness of the fin and the pivot must be confirmed. In this study, structural tests were conducted to verify the structural integrity of the external fuel tank pin and pivot when the external fuel tank was separated from the aircraft. Results are then presented. In this paper, a test configuration diagram consisting of the hydraulic and load control equipment, data acquisition system, and pneumatic supply unit used in the structural test was explained. Test installation and test load application plan for each test condition were provided. As results of the structural test, it was found that test load and internal pressure of the test specimen were properly controlled within the allowable range in each test. It was confirmed that serious structural defects in the test specimen did not occur under required load conditions. In conclusion, through structural test for design limit load and design ultimate load, it was proven that the fin and pivot of the external fuel tank for aircraft covered in this study had sufficient structural strength.