• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2020

This study estimated influences of the Ulsan Fault on tectonic movement and uplift characteristics in the Eastern Block of the Ulsan Fault. The averaged uplift rate in the Northern Coast of the Eastern Block was 0.202 m/ka, while the site in Seokbyeong-ri, Guryongpo-eup, Pohang-si, showed relatively high rate of 0.249 m/ka, attributable to influences of small fault movement, called the Gangsa Fault. Higher averaged rate of 0.270 m/ka than in the Northern Coast was calculated in the Southern Coast of the Eastern Block. The site in north of Haseo-ri, Yangnam-myeon, Gyeongju-si, showed the highest rate, suggesting influences of the Eupcheon Fault. The Western Block of the Ulsan Fault indicated the averaged rate of 0.208 m/ka, similar to that of the Northern Coast. The sites approximately 10 km apart from the Ulsan Fault showed 1.3 times higher rate in the Eastern Block than in the Western Block, while similar rates were calculated in the sites >20 km apart from the Ulsan Fault. These distributions of the rate suggest that the Ulsan Fault has significantly influenced development of marine terrace and tectonic movement in the study area, while local fault movements have also played a role.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-77
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• 2014

The bivalve molluscan fauna of Ulsan Bay, East Sea coast of Korea, is summarized, based on original and literature data. The fauna consists of 61 species belonging to 20 families. Seven species are identified only to genus level. Two species (Carditellopsis toneana (Yokoyama, 1922), Carditidae and Fulvia hungerfordi (G.B. Sowerby III, 1901), Cardiidae) are new records for the East Sea coast of Korea, and one species (Crenella decussata (Montagu, 1808), Mytilidae) is a new record for Korea. Biogeographically, Ulsan Bay's bivalve fauna is subtropical with a predominance of tropical-subtropical species, 21 species, or 39% of the total species number, subtropical, 14 species, or 26%, and subtropical-boreal (mostly subtropical-lowboreal), 11 species, 21%, totalling 86%. A remarkable feature of the Ulsan Bay fauna is the presence of tropical-subtropical species not found in Yeongil Bay but common in tidal flats and shallow waters of the Yellow Sea and the southern part of Korea. A cold water mass appearing off the southeast coast of Korea near Ulsan in summer seems responsible for the presence of boreal-arctic species in this area.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.223-235
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate benthic sedimentary environments and benthic polychaetous communities on the coast of Ulsan, located on the southern East Sea of Korea. This survey was conducted at 15 stations, four times seasonally in January, April, July and October 2016. From the coast to the outer sea, surface sediments turned into fine grained sediments. There were complex coarse-grained sedimentary facies in various forms in the coastal zones while those with mud facies were found in the offshore zone. Organic matter content (LOI) and sulfide amount (AVS) recorded extremely high values, and increased from the coast to the outer sea, showing a similar trend to mud content with depth. The benthic polychaetous community revealed a mean density of $525ind./m^2$, and the total species number of species was 84. The major dominant polychaetous species were Magelona japonica, Lumbrineris longifolia and Heteromastus filiformis throughout the four seasons. Magelona japonica was concentrated predominantly in shallow coastal areas, but was present in all the regions of the survey area. Lumbrineris longifolia showed higher density in offshore regions more than 30 m deep, whereas H. filiformis showed higher density in coastal areas less than 30 m in depth. As a result of cluster analysis, the study area was divided into three ecological areas according to species composition, such as the northern coastal area between Ulsan PortOnsan Port, the southern area around Hoeya River and the outer sea area. Benthic environments in the study area, as determined by AMBI and BPI index, maintained a healthy condition in all four seasons with the AMBI at a level above GOOD and BPI at a level above FAIR. As organic matter accumulation continues to take place in the Ulsan coastal area, it is essential that detailed research activities continue to be carried out and ongoing monitoring be maintained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

To investigate the appearance of cold water by upwelling effect near Ulsan-Gampo of the southeastern coast in Korea on June, 1999, we carried out a numerical experiment by 3-dimensional diagnostic numerical model. Appearance of cold water by the result of numerical experiment was due to upwelling by wind effect at 50-100m depth near Ulsan-Gampo coast. This result was mused by using a model to 2 times of existing wind magnitude near Busan, Ulsan and Gampo that is 5.0m/sec wind. Therefore, to illustrate the phenomenon of extraordinary marine environment like upwelling event and so forth, appropriate wind data at sea should be used instead of those on land.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2015

Total acid digestion and 1 M HCl extraction methods were used to investigate the pollution status and the degree of ecological risk of trace metals in surface sediments from the Ulsan-Onsan coast. Total concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg) were two-fold higher in surface sediments from Onsan coast than in those from Ulsan coast. The mean labile fractions of the total concentrations of Cd and Pb were 72% and 78%, respectively, indicating a high contribution from anthropogenic sources, whereas Cr, Li, Ni, and As in the residual fraction exceeded 80%, indicating a high contribution from natural sources. According to the results of assessment of trace metal pollution using the sediment quality guidelines in Korea, the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg were higher than the values of the probable effects level (PEL) at some stations of Onsan coast, and the concentrations of Cr and Ni were lower than the values of the threshold effects level (TEL). The pollution level and ecological risk of the trace metals were analyzed using various indexes (EF, $I_{geo}$, m-PEL-Q, and ERI). Our results showed that the degree of pollution by trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg) on the Ulsan-Onsan coast was high, and Hg and Cd were the major potential ecological risk factors.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-170
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• 2003

The existence of coastal terraces, HH(High higher) surfaces found at Gampo of southeast coast and at Jeongdongjin of the central east coast were confirmed at Jigyeong-Ri, the areal border between Gyeongju- and Ulsan city on the southeast coast of Korea Peninsula. Especially this study reports HH JK-surface located on the 155m a.s.l., which is the highest altitude among the ancient shorelines of the coastal terraces in Korea. The HH surfaces on the study area are classified into HH JK at 155m, HH-I at 140m and HH-II at 115m, and each formation stage is related to MIS 17(720∼690ka BP), MIS 15(630∼560ka BP) and MIS 13(510∼480ka BP) respectively. The HH-surfaces remain to be larger than those of H- and L-surfaces. The reason is caused by the unique factors of the coastal geology and morphology on the study area during the formation stage. And also the areal difference by the magnitude of upheaval doesn't exist from north to south because the altitude system of ancient shoreline on each coastal terrace is same along the east coast. The upheaval rate of the eastern coastal areas was measured in the relation to the ancient shoreline and formation stage among the coastal terraces such as HH JK-, HH-I, HH-II, H-III and H-IY surface, and was almost same as 0.23mm/y.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of beaches which are the major part of the East Sea Coast. ITCM (Individual Travel Cost Method) is applied to estimate the economic value of its beaches using Poisson, negative binomial, truncated Poisson and truncated negative binomial models. The consumer surplus during length of stay per capita is 214,088 won in beaches overall on the East Sea Coast, 206,398 won in Gangwon-do beaches and 271,171 won in Gyeongbuk/Ulsan beaches. Annual total economic value of its beaches considering the number of visitors at beaches is 6,269 billion won (3,970 billion won in Kangwondo beaches, 2,299 billion won in Kyungbuk/Ulsan beaches).

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.63-75
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• 2018

The lower marine terrace 1 and 2 surfaces distributed between Ulsan and Pohang coast in the southeastern coast of the Korean penninsula have been correlated with MIS 5e and 5a (or 5c) by amino acid dates, 14C dates, wide-spread tephra correlation and pollen analysis respectively. In this study, to test the reliability of the OSL method for the estimation of the numerical burial age of marine sediment deposits, we analyzed the samples from the marine terraces which have been known as typical marine terraces formed during MIS 5e and MIS 5a in the above-mentioned coast. The burial ages of the marine deposit of the lower marine terrace 1 and 2, with paleoshoreline altitudes of 18m to 19m and 10m to 11m respectively, both showed about the same age of 60 ka BP. The lower marine terraces 1 and 2, however, were divided into two terrace surfaces by a clear terrace cliff. Besides, the OSL dates of the lower and upper parts of the lower marine terrace 2 of the Bonggil coast showed the reversed burial ages. In the lower marine terrace 1 of the Sanhari coast, almost the same burial ages were derived from both the lower part (marine rounded gravel layer) and the upper part (terrestrial angular gravel layer) of the terrace deposit. Therefore, at the present time, judging from only the OSL dates measured in this study, it could be argued that the OSL method is not the best for the estimation of forming periods of the lower marine terraces 1 and 2 and their classification.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2017

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-10
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• 1978

The coastal cold water near Ulsan, Korea, almost always appears in summer. From the results of some data analysis, it is found that this cold water has an important relation to the anticlockwise circulation appearing near the coast where the anticlockwise circulation turns its current direction from south to east.