• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.745-751
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• 2004

본 연구근 신 등(2004)의 후속연구로서, 연근해의 상세 공간 분할의 계산에 적용하여 높은 정밀도의 파랑 추산이 가능한 수정 WAM cycle 4모형을 토대로 2003년 9월 한 달 동안의 파랑을 상세히 추산하고, 태풍 ‘매미’가 야기한 우리나라 남해안 일대의 극한파랑 특성을 분석한 것이다 계산된 파랑 제원은 이어도 해양종합기지에서 관측된 파랑 제원과의 비교를 통하여 모형의 정밀도를 확인하였고, 우리나라 남해안주요 4개 지점의 전면 해상에 대해서는 1시간 간격의 파랑 추산 결과의 분석을 통해 태풍 ‘매미’가 야기한 외해 극한파랑을 다음과 같이 추산하였다. 1) 제주도 서편 차귀도 전면 해상； 2003년 9월 12일 16시에 최대 유의파고 7.41m, 평균 주기 13.6s, 평균 파향 6.4$^{\circ}$, 2) 마산만 입구； 12일 21시에 최대 유의파고 12.50m, 평균 주기 13.65s, 평균 파향 1.2$^{\circ}$, 3) 부산 수영만 전면 해상； 12일 22시에 최대 유의파고 13.85m, 평균 주기 13.81s, 평균 파향 0.2$^{\circ}$, 4) 울산항 전면 해상； 12일 23시에 최대 유의파고 11.00m, 평균 주기 13.25s, 평균 파향 $2.8^{\circ}$.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.409-425
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• 2019

계단형 평탄지형면인 해안단구는 고해수면을 지시하는 표식지형으로 가까운 지질시대동안 일어났던 지구조운동 정보를 제공하는 지질학적으로 매우 의미 있는 지형이다. 한반도의 동해, 서해 그리고 남해안 모두 해안단구가 발달하고 있으며 그 중 동해안에 가장 잘 발달하고 있다. 동해안의 해안단구는 4-6조로 해발고도 수m 에서 수십m 상위에 발달하고 있다. 이들 중 최하위 단구를 제외한 모든 단구는 중기 플라이스토세 이후에 형성되었고, 특히 OSL 연령과 고지자기 층서의 블래이크 사건(Blake excursion event)에 따르면 2단구와 3단구는 공히 최종 간빙기에 대비된다. 플라이스토세 해수면변동 곡선과 단구의 구정선고도를 서로 대비하여 본다면 동해안에서 중기 플라이스토세 이후부터 중기 홀로세까지 광역적 지구조 운동이 일어났음을 알 수 있다. 또한 강릉에서 부산까지 해안단구의 구정선 고도가 지역별로 상이하며 4개 지역으로 구분할 수 있다: 강릉-용한리(I), 호미곶-나정(II), 나정-방어진(III), 왜성-부산만(IV). 구정선 고도가 지역 간 서로 다르게 발달하고 있는 것은 오천단층 혹은 그의 부수단층, 감포 선구조, 울산단층 등에 의한 지괴운동에 의한 것으로 해석된다. 구정선 고도와 단구 평탄면 형성시기를 상호 함수로 한 동해안의 융기율은 0.2-0.3m/ky 범위 내외이며, 구정선 고도에 따라 융기율은 지역적으로 다르다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2007

한반도에서 발생하는 해양조석하중(OTL, Ocean Tide Leading)에 의한 지각변위는 수직방향으로 최대 ${\sim}3cm$에 달한다. 현재 우주측지 기술로 성취할 수 있는 측위 정확도가 mm수준임을 고려할 때, cm 단위로 발생하는 OTL 지각변위 영향은 정밀하게 모델링하고 측위 시 보정해야할 대상이다. 이 연구에서는 먼저 OTL 지각변위 보정에 필요한 해양조석 모델들을 서로 비교하고 OTL 지각변위 예측 프로그램을 검증하였다. 경기만 지역의 경우 해양조석 모델에 따라 ${\sim}6mm$ RMS의 수직성분 지각변위 차이가 발생하였다. VLBI 천문대가 설치되는 서울, 울산, 서귀포에서의 OTL 지각변위를 분석한 결과 서귀포는 ${\sim}3.5cm$, 서울과 울산은 ${\sim}2cm$ 진폭의 수직방향 지각변위가 예측되었다. 또한 GPS 자료 처리에서 OTL 지각변위 영향을 보정하지 않았을 경우 GPS Zenith Wet Delay(ZWD) 추정 값이 달라졌으며, OTL 지각변위와 ZWD간의 배율인자(scale facto.)는 3.72로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

In domestic construction sites, when installing steel pipe scaffolding and system scaffolding, the guardrails are installed after the installation of the work platforms. This conventional guardrail system (CGS) is always exposed to the risk of falls because the safety railing is installed later. In order to prevent fall disasters during erecting and dismantling scaffolds, it is necessary to introduce the advanced guardrail system (AGS) which installs railings in advance of climbing onto a work platform. For the introduction of the AGS, the structural performance of the system scaffolding applying the CGS and the AGS was compared and evaluated. The structural analysis of the system scaffold (height: 31 m and width: 27.4 m) with AGS confirmed that structural safety was ensured because the maximum stress of each element of the system scaffolding satisfies the allowable stress of each element. As a result of performance comparison of CGS and AGS for each element, the combined stress ratio of vertical posts in AGS was 6.4% lower than that of CGS. In addition, in the case of ledger and transom, the combined stress ratios of AGS and CGS were almost the same. The compression test of the assembled system scaffolding (three-storied, 1 bay) showed that the AGS had better performance than the CGS by 9.7% (8.91 kN). The cross bracing exceeds the limit on slenderness ratio of codes for structural steel design. But the safety factor for the compressive load of the cross bracing was evaluated as meeting the design criteria by securing 3 or more. In actual experiments, it was confirmed that brace buckling did not occur even though the overall scaffold was buckled. Therefore, in the case of temporary structures, it was proposed to revise the standards for limiting on slenderness ratio of secondary or auxiliary elements to recommendations. This study can be used as basic data for the introduction of AGS for installing guardrails in advance at domestic construction sites.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.56-69
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• 2004

천북지역을 포함하여 경주시를 중심으로 선상지분포와 지형발달을 조사하였다. 선상지는 하상비고가 다른 고위면. 중위면, 저위면의 세 지형면으로 구분된다. 불국사∼울산지역과 마찬가지로 빙기와 간빙기가 반복된 제4기 기후변화와 북-남 및 북서-남동 방향의 구조선이 탁월하게 발달하면서 합류선상지가 형성되었다. 단일 규모로는 우리나라에서 최대급에 속하는 경주선상지는 선사시대 이래 인간활동의 중심 공간을 제공하였다. 이 선상지를 형성한 북천은 선사, 고대에 거의 범람하지 않았다. 경주선상지는 지형면 전체에서 지하수위가 지표면 부근까지 도달하여 일반적인 지형특성과 달리 선앙부에도 용천이 분포한다. 이것은 유역분지의 상류부와 중류부에 넓은 퇴적 공간이 형성되어 있어 북천 규모에 비해 하류부에 퇴적물이 충분히 공급되지 못한데 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2016

Crotamine is a peptide toxin found in the venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus and has antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. Herein, we show that crotamine dose-dependently induced macrophage phagocytic and cytostatic activity by the induction of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, the crotamineinduced expression of iNOS and TNF-α is mediated through the phosphorylation of p38 and the NF-κB signaling cascade in macrophages. Notably, pretreatment with SB203580 (a p38-specific inhibitor) or BAY 11-7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor) inhibited crotamine-induced NO production and macrophage phagocytic and cytotoxic activity. Our results show for the first time that crotamine stimulates macrophage phagocytic and cytostatic activity by induction of NO and TNF-α via the p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways and suggest that crotamine may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory disease.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2001

Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDEs) congeners, 2,4,4'-TrBDE, 2,2',4,4'-TeBDE, 2,2',4,4',5-PeBDE, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HXBDE, and 2,2',4,4',5,6-HxBDE, were measured in sediments from 52 stations in the southeastern coastal areas of Korea. Sediment samples were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer detector (GC/MSD) with positive electron impact (PEI) mode. New analytical methodology for PBDEs by the isotope dilution method was established using a multi-layer silica gel column chromatography. Total PBDEs levels in sediments for Pohang coast ranged from 1,1 to 33.8 ng/g dry weight (mean 5.3 ng/g dry), from 1.6 to 36.4 ng/g dry weight (mean 5.7 ng/g dry) for Ulsan coast, from 0.8 to 20.3 ng/g dry weight (mean 4.9 ng/g dry) for Busan coast, and from 0.8 to 10.3 ng/g dry weight (mean 4.4 ng/g dry) for Jinhae Bay. PBDEs contamination in surface sediments from Korean southeastern coasts was relatively moderate in comparison to that of other marine environment in the world. The predominant PBDE congeners were 2,2',4,4'-TeBDE and 2,2',4,4',5-PeBDE.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-24
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• 1987

울산만 북서측 임해지역체 발달된 연약해성점토를 개양하기 위하려 선행대중과 Wick Drain공법의 병용공법이 적용되었다. 상기 공법의 적용에 따른 연약해성점토의 거동 및 강침특성을 요명하여, 안전하고 신속하게 시공을 실시하기 위하여 현장계측에 의한 공학적인 시공관리를 실시하였다. 본 고는 연약해성점토를 개량하기 위하여 적용한 선행하중과 Wick Drain공법의 설계, 시공 및 안전관리방법을 수록하고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.737-753
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• 2011

The typical characteristics of seasonal winds were studied around the Pohang using two-stage (average linkage then k-means) clustering technique based on u- and v-component wind at 850 hpa from 2004 to 2006 (obtained the Pohang station) and a high-resolution (0.5 km grid for the finest domain) WRF-UCM model along with an up-to-date detailed land use data during the most predominant pattern in each season. The clustering analysis identified statistically distinct wind patterns (7, 4, 5, and 3 clusters) representing each spring, summer, fall, and winter. During the spring, the prevailed pattern (80 days) showed weak upper northwesterly flow and late sea-breeze. Especially at night, land-breeze developed along the shoreline was converged around Yeongil Bay. The representative pattern (92 days) in summer was weak upper southerly flow and intensified sea-breeze combined with sea surface wind. In addition, convergence zone between the large scale background flow and well-developed land-breeze was transported around inland (industrial and residential areas). The predominant wind distribution (94 days) in fall was similar to that of spring showing weak upper-level flow and distinct sea-land breeze circulation. On the other hand, the wind pattern (117 days) of high frequency in winter showed upper northwesterly and surface westerly flows, which was no change in daily wind direction.