• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Objects : This study aimed to identify the origin species of Ulmi Cortex and Ulmi Semen Pasta. Methods : I searched for different types of 'Yu(楡)' from Zhong Xiu Zheng Huo Jing Shi Zheng Lei Bei Yong Ben Cao (重修政和經史證類備用本草) of the Song Dynasty, then compared the descriptions of Yu with real life species. Items that were inconsistent were sequentially deleted to finally find the original species that satisfies all conditions. Results : There were five types of Yu : Jiyu(地楡), Jayu(刺楡), Langyu(郞楡), Goyu(姑楡), and Baekyu(白楡). Jiyu was Sanguisorba officinalis or Sanguisorba officinalis var. longifolia which was a herb. Jayu was Hemiptelea davidii (Hance) Planch. which had thorns on its branches. Ulmus laciniata had leaves that split into three branches. Langyu was Ulmus parvifolia which beared fruit in the fall. For these reasons, the four items above were ruled out. The fruit of Goyu was Ulmi Semen Pasta, which was the largest among fruits and was therefore Ulmus macrocarpa. The fruit of Baekyu was Yuhyup(楡莢) and the ancient coin Yuhyupjeon(楡莢錢) was resembled Yuhyup. The normal pulse of the lung resembled the appearance of falling Yuhyup. The peel of Baekyu was Yubaekpi(楡白皮), and when it was removed from coarse bark, contained an abundance of white sap; the place where this sap overflowed on the stem bark was white, therefore Baekyu was identified as Ulmus pumila. Conclusions : From the results above, the origin species of Ulmi cortex was Ulmus pumila and the origin species of Ulmi Semen Pasta was Ulmus macrocarpa.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-47
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• 2005

In this dissertation, I will focus on the channel entry, the effect, and the treatment throughout books of oriental medicine from ancient to modern in order to classify the medicines of the liver as main or supplementary organ. The results are as follows: 1. The kinds of the medicines of working of the liver(本臟) were 29, which were Amydae carapax(鱉甲), Chrysanthemi Flos(菊花), Cassiae Torae Semen(草決明), Plantaginis Semen(車前子), Scirpi Seu Sparganii(三稜), Ulmi Pasta Semen(蕪荑), Cinnamomi Cortex(肉桂), Fraxini Cortex(秦皮), Chaenomelis Fructus(木果), Corii Asini Colla(阿膠), Chuanxiong Rhizoma(川芎), Adenophorae Radix(沙蔘), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Acanthopanacis Cortex(五加皮), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen(酸棗仁), Picrorrhizae Rhizoma(胡黃連), Gentianae Radix(草龍膽), Citri Reticulatae Virdie Pericarpium(靑皮), Paeoniae Alba Radix(白芍藥), Paeoniae Rubra Radix(赤芍藥), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), Peucedani Radix(前胡), Naturalis Indigo(靑黛), Citrus unshiu(橘葉), Rhinocerotis Cornu(犀角), Aucklandiae Radix(木香), Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma, Farfarae Flos(款冬花), Evodiae Fructus(吳茱萸), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(陳皮) . 2. The kinds of the medicines of working of other viscera(他臟) were 7, which were Astragaliadix(黃耆), Ginseng Radix(人蔘), pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), Myristicae Semen, Euryales Semen, Arecae Semen, Piperis Longi Fructus. 3. Medicines, effected on the heart functioned through any other viscera are as follows: Arecae Semen works to treat Spleen Gi Entering the Liver(脾氣入肝), Piperis Longi Fructus, pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), Euryales Semen and Myristicae Semen operate to treat Spleen Cold Entering the Liver(脾冷入肝), Astragali Radix(黃耆) and Ginseng Radix(人蔘) work to treat Spleen Vacuity Entering the Liver(脾虛入肝). In the study of concerning the medicines effected on the liver, It is considered that it dedicated to development of the medicines related to the disease of the liver and making efficient use of the medicines.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-100
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• 2014

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of six single aqueous herbal extracts-Quisqualis Fructus (QuF), Meliae Cortex (MeC), Arecae Semen (ArS), Crassirhizomae Rhizoma (CrR), Ulmi Pasta Semen(UlS), Torreyae Semen(ToS)- against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Methods: Anti-bacterial activities against S. aureus of aqueous extracts of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the cell viability, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 productions of LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells were detected. The anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were respectively compared with lincomycin and piroxicam. Results: Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of aqueous extracts of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS against S. aureus was respectively detected $5.625{\pm}4.075$ (3.125~12.500), $0.332{\pm}0.273$ (0.098~0.782), $1.094{\pm}0.428$ (0.782~1.563), $2.969{\pm}2.096$ (0.782~6.250), $9.375{\pm}4.419$ (3.125~12.500)>25 mg/ml. MIC of lincomycin was detected as $0.469{\pm}0.297$ (0.195~0.782) ${\mu}g/ml$ at same conditions. In addition, $ED_{50}$ against LPS-induced cell viabilities and cytokine releases of QuF, MeC, ArS, CrR, UlS and ToS was as follows - Cell viability: 66.370, 2.908, 1.747, 259.553, 18.150 and 34.160 mg/ml; NO production: 389.486, 0.294, 0.138, 523.060, 45.363 and 49.327 mg/ml; $PGE_2$ production: 114.271, 0.223, 0.046, 243.078, 8.829 and 28.947 mg/ml; TNF-${\alpha}$ production: 406.288, 0.343, 0.123, 9404.227, 125.406 and 140.775 mg/ml; IL-$1{\beta}$ production: 117.178, 0.135, 0.019, 237.451, 7.923 and 19.418 mg/ml; IL-6 production: 31.261, 0.105, 0.055, 128.434, 2.290 and 3.745 mg/ml. ED50 of piroxicam against LPS-induced cell viabilities, NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were detected as 35.179, 6.552, 1.162, 7.273, 7.101 and $5.044{\mu}g/ml$, respectively at same conditions. Conclusions: All six single aqueous herbal extracts showed anti-bacterial effects against S. aureus, in the order of MeC, ArS, CrR, QuF and UlS aqueous extracts except for ToS; they did not showed any anti-bacterial effects (MIC>25 mg/ml). They also showed anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells in the order of ArS, MeC, UlS, ToS, QuF and CrR aqueous extracts. It means that the ArS and MeC will be showed favorable potent anti-bacterial and related anti-inflammatory effects.