• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2002

The fluoroquinolones have been reported to cause, although at low frequency, severe phototoxicity which is due to singlet oxygen produced by ultraviolet-A (UVA; 320-400 nm) exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phototoxicity based on plasma and tissue concentrations of commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones; lomefloxacin (LFLX), enoxacin (ENX), ofloxacin (OFLX), and ciprofloxacin (CPFX). The phototoxic potentials were investigated by measuring increments in ear thickness, 24 hrs after these fluoroquinolones were orally administered to Balb/c mice, which they were exposed to UVA 17.5 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for 2 hrs following drug administration. The fifty percent ear thickness increment-inducing doses ($ETID_{50}$), determined by single ascending dosing of each fluoroquinolone to mice, were calculated to be 50(LMFX), 250(ENX), 770(OFLX), 1100(CPFX) mg/kg. Post the administration of ETID$_{50}$, drug concentrations in plasma and ear tissue were measured at specified times and phototoxicities were quantified. Both peak plasma ($\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and ear tissue ($\mu\textrm{g}$/g) concentrations were summarized as follows; 7.3/1.4 for LMFX, 15.0/1.6 for ENX, 90.1/18.4 for OFLX and 87.2/3.7 for CPFX. The degree of photo toxicity was more relevant to plasma concentrations than tissue concentrations. In order to assess the effect of irradiation time after drug administration on phototoxicity, the 2 hr UVA irradiation was given at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 hr after administering $ETID_{50}$, respectively and photo toxicities were evaluated. The shorter inteval between dosing and UVA exposure was, the higher risk of phototoxicity was produced.d.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

본 연구는 식물공장시스템의 발광다이오드와 UVA 광원에서 자란 시금치 생육 및 아스코르브산 함량을 구명하고자 하였다. 시금치 '수시로' 품종은 정식 후 28일간 NFT 수경시스템에서 형광등(FL)을 대조구로 하여 적색광(R), 청색광(B), 적색과 청색의 혼합광(2:1비율)(R:B), 백색광(W), 적색광+UVA(RUV), 청색광+UVA(BUV), R:B(2:1)+UVA(RBUV) 총 8 종류 광에서 같은 광도($130{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)와 광주기(명/암 = 16/8h)로 재배되었다. R이 들어간 모든 광 처리구(R, RB, RUV, RBUV)에서 정식 21일 부터 잎 상편생장(leaf epinasty)이 나타났다. RUV 처리구에서 R에 비해 엽장과 엽병은 유의적으로 감소되고 엽폭은 유의적으로 증가되어 엽형지수가 낮은 결과를 보였다. 하지만, BUV 처리구에서 B에 비해 엽장과 엽병의 길이가 유의적으로 증가되었고 엽폭은 유의적 차이가 없었으며 엽수는 유의적으로 많았다. RBUV 처리구에서는 다른 처리구보다 엽장이 가장 짧았으며 RB 처리구와 비교하여 생체중, 건물중 및 엽면적 유의차는 없었다. 정식 후 28일 째에 측정된 지상부 건물중은 R, RUV 및 BUV 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았고 W와 FL에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 엽면적은 BUV 처리구에서 유의적으로 가장 높았다. 정식 28일째에 시금치 아스코르브산 함량은 B 처리구에서 유의적으로 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 BUV에서 높았으며 FL과 R에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 따라서 식물공장에서 시금치 재배 시 생육과 품질적인 측면에서 BUV광이 가장 적합한 것으로 보인다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.560-564
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• 2007

The photostabilization and cure kinetics of UV-curable, optical resins containing various formulations of photostabilizers were investigated to determine the system with the highest cure conversion and durability. Photo-DSC analysis revealed that increasing the concentration of a UV absorber (UVA) decreased both the crosslink density and the cure rate due to competition for the incident photons between the photoinitiator and the UVA, whereas including a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) hardly affected either the cure conversion or the cure rate due to its very low absorption of 365 nm. This result was confirmed by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy analyses. QUV ageing experiments showed that the cure conversion and durability were the highest for the UVA/HALS formulation at a ratio of 1 : 2, which is due to their synergistic action.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.153-154
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• 2000

Many bioactive photosensitizers have been isolated from plants and some of theses possess antiviral activities which, depend on UVA(320-400nm) and visible light. Many complex quinonoids have been isolated from plants and recently some of them, such as hypericin and hypocrellin, have been shown to possess light-dependent antiviral activities. these compounds only exert their desired biological activities in the presence of long wavelength ultra-violet UVA but these activities are also strongly influenced b chemical structure(Hudson et al, 1995). the importance of light in the use of certain medicinal plant extracts has been appreciated, if not understood, for centuries. Also, many seaweed extracts will effect photo(UVA, visible light) for algicidal activity. (omitted)

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

This study intended to investigate the growth performance and meat quality traits in broilers fed different regimens of NaCl over a period of 35 days. Seven hundred and fifty 1-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to five NaCl feeding regimens to obtain three replicates for each regimen. Broilers in CON group were provided with concentrations of 0.35% NaCl for the duration of the experimental period. The other groups were provided with two concentrations of NaCl (0.45% and 0.55%) under two durations, namely: 1) 1~28 d: 0.45% or 0.55% NaCl for 28 days then CON; and 2) 1~35 d: 0.45% or 0.55% NaCl for 35 days. Broilers fed 0.55% NaCl for 1~35 d showed improved (P<0.05) growth performance compared with broilers fed the CON regimen. Moreover, higher water holding capacity of breast meat was shown by the broilers fed 0.55% NaCl for 1~28 d when compared with that in broilers fed the CON diet (P<0.05). Broilers fed 0.45% NaCl showed an increase (P<0.05) in the lightness of the meat over CON diet and the 0.55% NaCl diet. In addition, broilers offered CON had the highest redness value and highest crude ash content in the breast meat (P<0.05). Feeding 0.45% NaCl for 1~35 d and 0.55% NaCl for 1~28 d resulted in a higher (P<0.05) protein content in breast meat. In conclusion, broilers fed diets with 0.55% NaCl for 1~35 d showed improved growth performance as well as water holding capacity and protein content of the breast meat.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.729-734
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• 2012

용존유기질소(DON)는 염소와 반응하여 인체에 유해한 질소계 소독부산물과 소독능을 저하시키는 유기성 클로라민을 생성할 수 있다. 이러한 물질의 생성을 줄이기 위해서는 소독공정 전에 DON의 제거가 필요하다. 본 연구는 DON을 함유하는 지표수와 재이용수를 이용하여 응집실험을 하고 알루미늄염(alum)과 고분자응집제(polyDADMAC)에 의한 DON의 제거특성을 조사하였다. 또한 DON, 용존유기탄소(DOC), 254 nm 자외선 흡광물질($UVA_{254}$)의 제거율 및 제거 기작을 비교하였다. 지표수와 재이용수 모두 alum 응집제의 주입농도를 증가시킴에 따라 DON, DOC, $UVA_{254}$ 제거율이 점진적으로 증가하였는데, 원수특성과 상관없이 소수성 유기물을 나타내는 척도인 $UVA_{254}$의 제거율이 가장 높았다. 지표수와 재이용수 모두 alum 응집제만 주입한 경우보다 고분자응집제를 같이 주입한 경우 DON의 제거율이 높게 나타났다. 고분자응집제의 전하중화가 작용하는 적정농도범위가 좁아 고분자응집제만 주입하기 보다는 무기응집제와 같이 주입하는 하는 것이 바람직하다. 상대적으로 생성된 후 오랜 시간이 지나지 않은 재이용수의 DON 제거율이 지표수의 DON 제거율보다 높았고, 지표수와 재이용수 모두 10,000 Da 이상 분자량의 DON 제거율이 높게 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 계혈등 추출물에 의한 항산화 효과, in vitro MMP-1 효소 활성 저해 효과 및 사람섬유아세포에서 UVA에 의해 발현이 증가되는 MMP-1에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 계혈등 추출물의 DPPH와 superoxide radical 소거효과는 처리농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 소거효과를 나타냈으며, $IC_{50}$은 각각 $45.81{\mu}g/ml$, $3.11{\mu}g/ml$로 DPPH와 superoxide radical을 소거하여 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. MMP-1 효소 활성 저해 효과도 $80{\mu}g/ml$에서 $97.33\%$를 저해하는 것으로 나타나 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 사람섬유아세포에서 UVA에 의해 발현이 증가되는 MMP-1의 발현저해효과는 계혈등 추출물 $10{\mu}g/ml$에서 $74.66\%$로 단백질 수준에서 우수한 발현저해효과를 나타내었으며, mRNA수준에서도 계혈등 추출물은 모두 농도 의존적으로 발현 저해효과가 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 계혈등 추출물은 항산화 효과, MMP-1 효소 활성저해 효과와 UVA에 의한 MMP-1의 발현을 효과적으로 저해하는 것으로 보아 우수한 항노화 소재로써 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.824-839
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• 2020

The current study was aimed to examine the effect of partial or complete replacement of fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth performance, fecal composition, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total number of 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments with six replications and ten birds per one pen. Dietary treatments were followed as; 1) Diet incorporated with 4% FM without FSBM (Control), 2) Diet incorporated with 3% FM and 2% FSBM (FSBM2), 3) Diet incorporated with 2% FM and 3% FSBM (FSBM3) and 4) Diet incorporated with 4% FSBM without FM (FSBM4). Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly for 35 days of the experimental period. Moreover, fecal samples were collected to evaluate moisture, ash, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus content on day 21 post-hatch. On day 35, two birds were sacrificed from each pen to measure meat quality parameters and visceral organ weights. Results revealed that, no dietary treatment effect (p > 0.05) was observed either in both body weight or average daily gain of broilers within the entire experimental period while broilers fed FSBM2 increased (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake by 10.07% whereas FSBM4 improved (p < 0.05) feed efficiency ratio by 8.45% compared to birds fed other dietary treatments on day 7 post-hatch. Besides, birds fed FSBM3 obtained the improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio over the birds fed control diet by 7.51% from hatch to day 35 post-hatch (1.60 vs. 1.73). Nevertheless, no difference (p > 0.05) was detected on visceral organ weight, proximate composition and physicochemical characteristics of meat while broilers offered FSBM4 obtained the lowest (p < 0.05) calcium and phosphorous in faces (2.27% and 1.21% respectively) over those offered control feed and other FSBM treatments. In conclusion, FSBM would be a better replacement for ousting FM partially or completely in broiler diet as it did not impair the growth performance and meat quality while reducing the calcium and phosphorous excretion in broilers for 35 days post-hatch.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.48-49
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• 2001

광촉매 분해반응시 광원으로서 기존의 UV램프의 사용에서 벗어나 인공적인 에너지가 필요없는 태양광을 VOCs 광분해에 solar simulator에서 타당성을 검토하고 태양광에 직접 적용하여 확인하였다. $TiO_2$-UVA 시스템에서 보다 $TiO_2$-태양광을 적용한 실험에서 분해반응속도의 증가를 보였다. 결과적으로 VOCs처리에 있어서 태양광의 적용이 가능하며 최대 4.514${\times}$$10^{-5}$ Einstein $min^{-1}$의 photon flow를 필요로 하는 광촉매분해반응에서 $TiO_2$ UVA시스템보다 태양광을 이용한 적용이 더 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.236-239
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• 2002

Sunscreens have been advocated as an important means of preventing skin cancer. UV-induced immunosuppression is important for skin cancer development, yet the effectiveness of sunscreens in protecting the human immune system from UV radiation is unclear. The only currently accepted method of sunscreen rating is the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) based on prevention of erythema. We developed an in vivo non-invasive method for evaluating protection of the human immune system from UV radiation based on recall contact sensitivity to nickel, a common allergen. Using this system we showed that broad-spectrum sunscreens provide greater protection to the immune system than sunscreens which protect from UVB only. UVA was found to be immunosuppressive. We developed this technique to enable the study of solar simulated UV radiation dose responses and determined Immune Protection Factors (IPFs) for six commercially available sunscreens based on limits of protection from the dose response data. We found that the IPF did not correlate with the SPF and that protection from erythema therefore cannot be used to predict protection of the immune system. However, IPF was significantly correlated to the UVA protective capability of the sunscreens, indicating that sunscreen protection from UVA is important for prevention of immunosuppression. We recommend that sunscreens should be rated against their immune protective capability to provide a better indication of their ability to protect against skin cancer.