• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.950-955
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• 2010

In this study, we prepared CheonJeongKiBo-Dan(7 oriental medicinal plants, 7OMP: Astragalus Membranaceus root, Panax Ginseng root, Glycyrrhiza Glabra (licorice) root, Schizandra Chinensis fruit, Polygonatum Odoratum, Rehmannia Glutinosa root, Paeonia Albiflora root) by extracting them in one reactor and studied its efficacies on skin. UV irradiation has been suggested as a major cause of photoaging in skin. In order to investigate protective effects against UV-B induced cellular damage, 7OMP was extracted with 70% ethanol and dissolved in DMSO. The protective effect was detected by MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phosphorylation of ATR and p53 in human dermal fibroblast cell system after UV-B irradiation. 7OMP reduced UV-B-induced cellular damage in HDFs cells, and inhibited ROS generation. UV-B-induced toxicity accompanying ROS production and the resultant DNA damage are responsible for activation of ATR, p53 and Bad. In this study, 7OMP hampered phosphorylations of ATR and p53 in human dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, 7OMP may be protective against UV-induced skin photoaging.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.346-349
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• 2008

To investigate whether aqueous extract from Aconitum koreanum (AEAK) effects in the process of melanin synthesis, the expression of tyrosinase-related proteins (TRPs) by immunohistochemical methods were performed in ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiated skin of guinea pig. The irradiation of UVB (60 mJ/day) was performed for 3 days and treated with AEAK for 15 days. About the color evaluation, the visual scores of UV B irradiated guinea pig with AEAK treatment were slightly lower than those in the UV B alone irradiated ones. At day 15 after UVB exposure, immunohistochemical analysis for TRPs expression were performed. The intensive expression of tyrosinase was mainly observed over epidermis with skin appendage and in the cells of dermis. Slight increase of these reaction was induced in response to UVB in the spinous and granular layer of epidermis, but similar expression in the AEAK treated guinea pig as normal one. The TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression were not detected in the skin of normal guinea pig. But intensive expression for TRP-1 and TRP-2, especially TRP-2, induced by UV B irradiation in the cells of dermis. These expressions were decreased in the AEAK treated guniea pig. Collectively, these results suggest that AEAK has a potential to inhibit synthesis through regulation of TRPs expression in the skin of guinea pig, but better understanding the function of AEAK, more research should be done in the effects of AEAK on the function of TRPs in melanogesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.544-551
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• 2003

Interactive effects of UV-B and Cd on growth, pigment, photosynthesis, and lipid peroxidation have been studied in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc; all the tested cyanobacteria showed differential sensitivity to different dosage of UV-B and Cd alone as well as in combination. Phycocyanin was severely affected by UV-B and Cd by all the strains; the degree of pigment bleaching was most pronounced in Anabaena followed by Microcystis and Nostoc. $UV-B_2+Cd_2$ produced nearly 83, 78, and 65% inhibition of phycocyanin in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc, respectively. The above treatment also significantly decreased the contents of Chl ${\alpha}$ and carotenoid. Presence of capsule in Microcystis protected the phycocyanin bleaching as compared to decapsulated cells. Laboratory-grown Microcystis revealed about 75 and 80% inhibition, following $UV-B_2+Cd_2$ treatment, respectively. in capsulated and decapsulated cells. Damage caused by Cd was more pronounced than UV-B. Inhibition of photosynthesis did occur in all the test strains, being maximum in Anabaena. PS II was the most sensitive component of the electron transport chain, showing 84, 80, and 70% inhibition in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc, respectively. As compared to control, significant lipid peroxidation (6.5-fold higher) was observed in Anabaena with $UV-B_2+Cd_2$, $^{14}C-uptake$ was more susceptible to Cd and Uv-B than oxygen-evolution. Approximately 84, 80, and 76% inhibition of $^{14}C-uptake$ was observed in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc, respectively. Similarly, $UV-B_2+Cd_2$ inhibited APT content of Anabaena by 87%. This ,study suggests that inhibition of carbon fixation was due to decreased ATP content of the test cyanobacteria by UV-B+Cd, where Anabaena was the most sensitive and Nostoc the most tolerant.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.332-336
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• 2019

The use of ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy for foods is known to have a microbial inhibitory effect. UV-A having a longer wavelength than UV-C can be used for continuous or intermittent UV irradiation of food stored in containers or packages. Because UV-LED can be used effectively at a low price, this study reported the effect of UV-A 365 nm-LED on inhibiting Bacillus subtilis in accordance with the packaging conditions employed in daily use. The packaging materials were linear low-density polyethylene (LLD-PE), nylon/low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene, and glass. When all packaging materials were treated with 365 nm UV-LED, B. subtilis was observed to remain inactive for 30-60 min. Further, compared with the control (-log 5), the survival rate of B. subtilis was -log 2.0-2.5 for nylon/LDPE and -log 2.58-3.61 for LLD-PE. These packaging materials showed an excellent inhibitory effect regardless of their thickness. Typically, a decrease in the viable cell count of more than 3 log indicates a 99.9% bactericidal effect. These results suggest that 365 nm UV-LED permeated the packaging material and inhibited bacterial growth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the changes in ginsenosides content according to additional UV-A, and UV-B LED irradiation before harvesting the ginseng sprouts. One-year-old ginseng seedlings (n=100) were transplanted in a tray containing a ginseng medium. The ginseng sprouts were grown for 37 days at a temperature of 20℃ (24h), a humidity of 70%, and an average light intensity of 80 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 (photoperiod; 24h) in a container-type plant factory. Ginseng sprouts were then transferred to a custom chamber equipped with UV-A (370 nm; 12.90 W·m^-2) and UV-B (300 nm; 0.31 W·m^-2) LEDs and treated for 3 days. Growth parameters and ginsenoside contents in shoot and root were conducted by harvesting on days 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3 of UV treatments, respectively. The growth parameters showed non-significant differences between the control and the UV treatments (wavelengths or the number of days). Ginsenoside contents of the shoot was highly improved by 186% in UV-A treatment compared to the control in 3 days of the treatment time. The ginsenoside contents of the roots was more improved in UV-A 1-day treatment and UV-B 3-day treatment, compared to the control by 171% and 160%, respectively. As a result of this experiment, it is thought that UV LED irradiation before harvesting can produce sprout ginseng with high ginsenoside contents in a plant factory.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

Lentinus ededes were irradiated with Utraviolet-B(UV-B) at 0, 2.5, 5.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ levels while culturing in sawdust medium, and the changes in vitamin D$_2$ content, color and flavor of the mushroom were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Hunter-Lab Chromatometer and Gas Chromatography-Surface Acoustic Wave (GC-SAW) electric nose, respectively. Irradiation of 0, 2.5, 5.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ doses of UV-B increased the content of vitamin D$_2$ in the mushroom significantly, which was 157∼206% higher than the control group. There was a significant difference in L value between the control group and UV-B irradiated (2.5 and 5.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$) groups. The changes of flavor pattern were detected by GC-SAW electric nose. But the color and flavor changes were not detrimental to the quality of the mushroom. The results suggested that UV-B irradiation is a good way to increase the vitamin D$_2$ content of Lentinus edodes during cultivation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.394-395
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• 2007

In order to make full color cholesteric displays, color filter-less R, G, B sub-pixel structured cholesteric LC cells have been studied. To make R, G, B colors, UV induced pitch variant chiral dopant was added to cholesteric LC mixtures. The concentration of the photo-sensitive chiral dopant was adjusted so that the initial state showed blue color and the color was changed from blue to green and red with increase of UV irradiation to the cholesteric cells. To prevent the mixing of R, G, B reflective sub-pixel liquid crystals, separation walls were formed using negative photo resister in boundary area between sub-pixels. Through the optimization of the material concentrations and UV irradiation condition, vivid R, G, B colors were achieved.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.603-611
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• 2001

Phytolalexins are produced in plants affected by various environmental factors such as fungal infection treatment with many chemicals and irradiation by ultraviolet light. When pepper and tobacco bel suspension cultures were grown on a basal MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D(1mg/$\ell$, benzyl adenine(0.001 mg/$\ell$) and 100$\mu$ M jasmonic acid, the production of capsidiol was observed. The total of compound found in pepper plant were around seventy and thirty of them were located intissue-specific manner. 1-propanethiol, $\alpha$-D-xylofuranoside, phenol, hexadecanonic acid ethyl tridecanoate, phytol, linoleic acid and capsidiol are those which have change the production level by treatments, such as the inoculation of Phytophthora capsici Leonian, the metalaxyl treatment and the UV-B irradiation, respectively. The content of capsidiol on inoculation of P. capsici with metalxyl suspension in soil were higher than those of P.capsici without metalaxyl. When the soil dernch of metalaxyl treatment (1$\mu\textrm{g}$/${mu}ell$)was delayed after inoculation, the content of capsidiol were higher than that of before. Irrradiated UB-B the production on capsidiol was identified only at leaf, and contents were the highest for 24 hrs incubation after 20 minutes irradiation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.637-640
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• 1997

Raf-1, a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase, serves as a central intermediate in many signaling pathways in cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. In this study, we investigated that B-raf, Drosophila homolog of the human c-raf-1, is involved in ultraviolet (UV) responsive events by using hypomorphic mutant $D-raf^{c110}$ and Draf-lacZ transgenic fly. At first, effect of UV damage on the survival of wild-type and $D-raf^{C110}$ strains was examined. In terms of $1/LD_{50}$ value, the relative ratio of UV sensitivities of wild-type versus $D-raf^{C110}$ strain was 1 : 2.2. By using quantitative $\beta$-galactosidase activity analysis, transcriptional activity of the D-raf gene promoter was also examined in UV-irradiated Draf-lacZ transgenic larvae. UV irradiation increased the expression of lacZ reporter gene in Draf-lacZ transgenic fly. However, in $D-raf^{C110}$ strain the transcriptional activity of D-raf gene promoter by UV irradiation was extensively reduced. Results obtained in this study suggest that D-raf plays a role in UV response, leading to better survival of Drosophila to UV damage.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.400-402
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• 2002

We collected seeds of Solidago virgaurea plants growing at different altitudes on the Mt Hakusan area in Japan and cultivated them in a naturally-lit green house. Three-week-old seedlings were irradiated with supplemental UV-B for 12 h each day for 1 and 2 weeks. After a week of itradiation the seedlings of the population collected from the higher altitude at Oh-nanjiho (ON) had accumulated more anthocyanins than those from the lower altitude at Bettoh-deai (BD). Levels of anthocyanins in the ON seedlings were highly correlated with the dose of UV-B radiation and the correlation was also observed after 2 weeks. The growth of the third leaves was retarded by UV-B radiation in both populations. The extent of growth retardation in the third leaves was correlated with the dose of UV -B radiation in both populations. However, no significant difference in the extent of leaf area growth was observed between the ON and BD populations. The increase in plant fresh weight was extensively inhibited in the ON seedlings after 1 week of UV-B radiation. The inhibition was recovered to those in the BD population by 2 weeks irradiation. These results indicate that these populations respond differentially to supplementary UV -B radiation during the first week. Because flavonoids such as anthocyanins play an important role in protection against UV-B radiation in many plants, populations growing at higher altitude may be better able to adapt to increased global levels of UV-B radiation.