• Title/Summary/Keyword: UV trends

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Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance Incident on a Horizontal Surface At taegu In Korea During 1995-1998 : (I) Ultraviolet -A

  • Suh, Kye-Hong
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-3
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    • 1999
  • Solar ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiances indicent on a horizontal surface at Taegu of Korea during 1995-1998 were calculated with 5 min averages of measurements taken every 30 seconds by a broadband UV- A sensor. The maximum and minimum of monthly averages of daily UV-A dose were 499.37 KJ m-2 day-1 inJuly and 171.09 KJ m--2 day-1 in December for 4 years of the observation period. The maxima of daily UV-A dose and instandaneous UV-A were observed as 846.46KJ m-2 day-1 June 7, 1998 and 37.22 W m-2 at 12 : 15, July 16, 1998, respectively. Increasing trends in annual maxima of daily UV-A dose and instantaneous UV-A were averaged to 6.4% and 6.7% , respectively, per year during 1995-1998 at Taegu, Korea.

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Research Trends on Chemical Mechanical Polishing Using Ultraviolet Light (자외선 광을 활용하는 화학기계적 연마에 관한 연구 동향)

  • Lee, Hyunseop
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.247-254
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    • 2022
  • Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a hybrid surface-polishing process that utilizes both mechanical and chemical energy. However, the recently emerging semiconductor substrate and thin film materials are challenging to process using the existing CMP. Therefore, previous researchers have conducted studies to increase the material removal rate (MRR) of CMP. Most materials studied to improve MRR have high hardness and chemical stability. Methods for enhancing the material removal efficiency of CMP include additional provision of electric, thermal, light, mechanical, and chemical energies. This study aims to introduce research trends on CMP using ultraviolet (UV) light to these methods to improve the material removal efficiency of CMP. This method, photocatalysis-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (PCMP), utilizes photocatalytic oxidation using UV light. In this study, the target materials of the PCMP application include SiC, GaN, GaAs, and Ru. This study explains the photocatalytic reaction, which is the basic principle of PCMP, and reviews studies on PCMP according to materials. Additionally, the researchers classified the PCMP system used in existing studies and presented the course for further investigation of PCMP. This study aims to aid in understanding PCMP and set the direction of future research. Lastly, since there have not been many studies on the tribology characteristics in PCMP, research on this is expected to be required.

A Study on the Trends of the Natural UV Protection Materials Related to Skin Beauty (피부미용 관련 천연 자외선 차단 소재 연구동향 분석)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.107-117
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of UV protection products using natural materials. The research method is investigation and analyzation of the current status of the domestic and foreign industries, natural material research trends, and patent status of skin care-related sunscreen. As the result of the study, the U.S. market for sunscreen is the largest one, accounting for about 21% of the world, and the Chinese market is rapidly growing. The top four major types of functional cosmetics in Korea are complex functional products, followed by wrinkle improvement, sunscreen and whitening, and both the global and domestic markets continue to grow continuously. Over the past decade, research trends in natural sunscreen materials have shown that Scutellaria baicalensis, Humulus lupulus L., licorice, Finger root, Green tea, lespedeza cuneata extracts are effective, and in addition, they are also effective in photo-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, whitening, and wrinkle improvement. The patent registration status is on the rise and the ingredients were secured from plants and seaweeds. As the conclusion of this research, It is expected that natural UV protection material will be able to be used as multi-functional cosmetics material by developing safe and proven natural materials in line with future global trends.

Trends of UV Light Sources Based on Nitride Semiconductor (질화물 반도체 기반 자외선광원 기술동향)

  • Kim, S.B.;Leem, Y.A.
    • Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.42-49
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    • 2015
  • 질화물 반도체 기반 가시광 청색 Light Emitting Diode(LED) 기술은 디스플레이의 Back Light Unit(BLU)뿐 아니라 일반 조명에 활용되며 우리 실생활에서 매우 밀접하게 사용하고 있다. 가시광보다 짧은 파장을 가지는 자외선 LED의 경우 경화기 및 위폐감지기에 기존의 유해 가스를 사용하는 자외선 램프를 대체하고 있다. 자외선 광원의 또 다른 거대 시장으로 살균 및 정화, 의료 및 바이오 응용 시장에서 자외선 램프를 대체할 수 있는 자외선 LED 기술이 활발히 발전하고 있다. 본고에서는 이들 자외선광원 시장동향과 국내외 자외선 LED의 기술동향을 파악하므로 앞으로 연구개발의 방향을 모색하고자 한다.

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A Study on UV Degradation of SBR and NR Containing Polymeric UV Stabilizer (고분자형 자외선 안정제를 함유한 SBR과 NR의 UV 노화 거동에 관한 연구)

  • Kaang, Shin-Young;Nam, Kyoung-Tae;Hong, Chang-Kook;Chae, Kyu-Ho
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.182-193
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    • 2006
  • The retardation effects of a new polymeric UV stabilizer, DGEBA-HALS, on the UV degradation of SBR and NR were investigated in this study. The UV degradation behaviors of three different rubber compounds, without any photostabilizer and with commercial Cyabsorb UV-3529 and DGEBA-HALS, were compared. Also, the physical characteristics such as Young's modulus, tensile strength, blow-off deformation and crosslink density were examined. The Young's modulus was increased by UV irradiation for all samples, and the tensile strength, after UV irradiation, of the compound with UV stabilizer was better than that of the compound without stabilizer. Especially, the tensile strength of UV irradiated NR was improved by adding DGEBA-HALS. The results of blow-off deformation were in accord with those of Young's modulus. The degree of transmission of SBR compounds obtained from UV-vis transmission spectra was improved about 4% by adding the UV stabilizer. Commercial Cyabsorb UJV-3529 and DGEBA-HALS showed similar trends of transmission. The SEM photographs of SBR surface showed that the size of cracks created by UV irradiation became smaller by adding UV stabilizer. In particular, it is observed that the stabilization effect of DGEBA-HALS was better than that of commercial Cyabsorb UV-3529.

Surface Discoloration of Ultraviolet (UV)-Irradiated Phyllostachys bambusoides Bamboo

  • Hyoung-Woo LEE;Eun-Ju LEE;Yoon-Jung SHIN;Ha-Yeong JO;Dae-Yeon SONG
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.173-182
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    • 2023
  • Color is an attribute of visual perception and can be an important factor that affects the preference of customers toward bamboo and wood products. Solar radiation can discolor bamboo surfaces and initiate cracking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of an ultraviolet (UV)-protective coating on the photodiscoloration of untreated and heat-treated Phyllostachys bambusoides bamboo surfaces. Artificial UVA radiators are set at a UVA irradiance of 2,000 W/m2 to accelerate the aging of the outer surfaces of hot-air-dried and heat-treated bamboo samples. Half of the samples are coated with transparent UV-protective paint. As the UVA radiation progresses, the discoloration prevention efficiency (DPE) of the UV-protective coating on all samples decreases gradually. The DPEs of the hot-air-dried samples are estimated to be 31.4% and 18.8% after 21 and 72 hours of artificial UVA radiation, respectively. The heat-treated samples exhibit similar trends (29.0% after 21 hours and 10.3% after 72 hours). Recoating the UV-protective paint periodically every six months is expected to minimize the discoloration of the bamboo's outer surface.

Changes in Quality of UV Sterilized Takju during Storage by Honeycomb Type-UV Sterilizer (허니컴방식 UV 살균기를 이용한 살균 탁주의 저장 중 품질변화)

  • Lee, Jang-Woon;Jung, Jin-Joo;Choi, Eun-Ju;Kang, Sung-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.652-656
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    • 2009
  • A cylindrical ultraviolet (UV) sterilization system was developed for decreasing microorganisms in takju. The takju was passed through 110 strips of honeycomb-type teflon tubing with 9 UV lamps (1,395 W) set between the teflon tubes. Thus, during passage, the takju was effectively exposed to the UV rays without loss. In terms of the overall quality aspects of the takju, the optimum sterilization condition was set for 4 min at 2 L/min. A 2-3 log cycle decrease in viable cell numbers of total bacteria and fungi was observed at this operating condition. Quality changes in the UV-sterilized takju were examined via UV irradiation of samples followed by storage at 30oC for 8 days. To evaluate the quality changes, pH, amino nitrogen content, acidity, reducing sugar content, and viable cell numbers of total bacteria and fungi were measured. Increases in pH, acidity, and amino nitrogen content were observed in both the takju control and UV sterilized takju with increasing storage time. However, reducing sugar content was decreased in both samples. The L, a, and b values of the control takju and UV sterilized takju showed similar trends over the storage period. Viable cell numbers of fungi did not change in the control or UV sterilized takju during storage, showing approximately $10^8\;CFU/mL$ and $10^4-10^5\;CFU/mL$, respectively. In addition, viable cell numbers of total bacteria remained lower in the UV sterilized takju over 4 days compared to the non-sterilized takju.

Environment-friendly Coating Technology of UV/EB Radiation Curing (친환경 UV/EB 경화형 기능성 코팅 기술)

  • Lee, Jung-Bok;Lee, Jin-Hui;Sung, Ki-Chun
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.159-173
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    • 2012
  • UV-Curing technology can be classified into two categories for radical curing and cation curing. It also has mainly focused on surface finishing technology to improve functionality of various substrates such as plastics and metals. On the other hand, EB technology has dealt with cross-linking reactions as well as polymerization process to create novel functional materials. Both technologies have advantages in energy utilizing efficiency and environmental friendly when compared to conventional thermoset coatings. Consequently, UV cured coatings also permits a reduction in the $CO_2$ and VOCs emitted in the drying and curing process. This review mainly shows radical curing technology which is commonly used in UV curing coatings and also describes the technology trends of cation curing which has been attracted attention recently.

A Study on the Formation of Air Bubble by the Droplet Volume and Dispensing Method in UV NIL (UV NIL공정에서 액적의 양과 도포방법에 따른 기포형성 연구)

  • Lee, Ki Yeon;Kim, Kug Weon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.4178-4184
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    • 2013
  • Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is an emerging technology enabling cost-effective and high-throughput nanofabrication. Recently, the major trends of NIL are high throughput and large area patterning. UV curable type NIL (UV NIL) can be performed at room temperature and low pressure. And one advantage of UV NIL is that it does not need vacuum, which greatly simplifies tool construction, so that vacuum oprated high-precision stages and a large vacuum chamber are no longer needed. However, one key issue in non-vacuum environment is air bubble formation problem. Namely, can the air bubbles be completely removed from the resist. In this paper, the air bubbles formation by the method of droplet application in UV NIL with non-vacuum environment are experimentally studied. The effects of the volume of droplet and the number of dispensing points on air bubble formation are investigated.

Recent Variations of UV Irradiance at Seoul 2004~2010 (서울의 최근 자외선 복사의 변화 2004~2010)

  • Kim, Jhoon;Park, Sang Seo;Cho, Nayeong;Kim, Woogyung;Cho, Hi Ku
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.429-438
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    • 2011
  • The climatology of surface UV radiation for Seoul, presented in Cho et al. (1998; 2001), has been updated using measurement of surface erythemal ultraviolet (EUV) and total ultraviolet (TUV) irradiance (wavelength 286.5~363.0 nm) by a Brewer Spectrophotometer (MK-IV) for the period 2004~2010. The analysis was also carried out together with the broadband total (global) solar irradiance (TR ; 305~2800 nm) and cloud amount to compare with the UV variations, measured by Seoul meteorological station of Korean Meteorological Agency located near the present study site. Under all-sky conditions, the day-to-day variability of EUV exhibits annual mean of 98% in increase and 31% in decrease. It has been also shown that the EUV variability is 17 times as high as the total ozone in positive change, whereas this is 6 times higher in negative change. Thus, the day to day variability is dominantly caused rather by the daily synoptic situations than by the ozone variability. Annual mean value of daily EUV and TUV shows $1.62kJm^{-2}$ and $0.63MJm^{-2}$ respectively, whereas mean value of TR is $12.4MJm^{-2}$ ($143.1Wm^{-2}$). The yearly maximum in noon-time UV Index (UVI) varies between 9 and 11 depending on time of year. The highest UVI shows 11 on 20 July, 2008 during the period 2004~2010, but for the period 1994~2000, the index of 12 was recorded on 13 July, 1994 (Cho et al., 2001). A 40% of daily maximum UVI belongs to "low (UVI < 2)", whereas the UVI less than 5% of the maximum show "very high (8 < UVI < 10)". On average, the maximum UVI exceeded 8 on 9 days per year. The values of Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) EUV and UVI under cloud-free conditions are 1.8 times and 1.5 times, respectively, higher than the all-sky measurements by the Brewer. The trend analysis in fractional deviation of monthly UV from the reference value shows a decrease of -0.83% and -0.90% $decade^{-1}$ in the EUV and TUV, respectively, whereas the TR trend is near zero (+0.11% $decade^{-1}$). The trend is statistically significant except for TR trend (p = 0.279). It is possible that the recent UV decrease is mainly associated with increase in total ozone, but the trend in TR can be attributed to the other parameters such as clouds except the ozone. Certainly, the cloud effects suggest that the reason for the differences between UV and TR trends can be explained. In order to estimate cloud effects, the EUV, TUV and TR irradiances have been also evaluated for clear skies (cloud cover < 25%) and cloudy skies (cloud cover ${\geq}$ 75%). Annual mean values show that EUV, TUV and TR are $2.15kJm^{-2}$, $0.83MJm^{-2}$, and $17.9MJm^{-2}$ for clear skies, and $1.24kJm^{-2}$, $0.46MJm^{-2}$, and $7.2MJm^{-2}$ for cloudy skies, respectively. As results, the transmission of radiation through clouds under cloudy-sky conditions is observed to be 58%, 55% and 40% for EUV, TUV and TR, respectively. Consequently, it is clear that the cloud effects on EUV and TUV are 18% and 15%, respectively lower than the effects on TR under cloudy-sky conditions. Clouds under all-sky conditions (average of cloud cover is 5 tenths) reduced the EUV and TUV to about 25% of the clear-sky (cloud cover < 25%) values, whereas for TR, this was 31%. As a result, it is noted that the UV radiation is attenuated less than TR by clouds under all weather conditions.