• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.755-761
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• 2006

Recently, there is growing interest in ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a disinfection technic in drinking water production due to its effectiveness to inactivate microorganisms such as Crytosporidium parvum without forming disinfection byproducts. However, UV disinfection is known for its drawback such as photoreactivation. Despite many works concerning the photoreactivation, most of works were focused on indicator or non pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of this study is to examine the photoreactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is an opportunistic pathogen as UV radiation by LP and MP UV lamp was applied. The result showed that P. aeruginosa had high photo repair efficiency regardless of the type of UV irradiation. Both of the effective log repair values of LP and MP UV irradiation were found approximately 2.6 log. In addition, photo repaired P. aeruginosa was not significantly different in forming biofilm in comparison with non treated P. aeruginosa.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.236-239
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• 2002

Sunscreens have been advocated as an important means of preventing skin cancer. UV-induced immunosuppression is important for skin cancer development, yet the effectiveness of sunscreens in protecting the human immune system from UV radiation is unclear. The only currently accepted method of sunscreen rating is the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) based on prevention of erythema. We developed an in vivo non-invasive method for evaluating protection of the human immune system from UV radiation based on recall contact sensitivity to nickel, a common allergen. Using this system we showed that broad-spectrum sunscreens provide greater protection to the immune system than sunscreens which protect from UVB only. UVA was found to be immunosuppressive. We developed this technique to enable the study of solar simulated UV radiation dose responses and determined Immune Protection Factors (IPFs) for six commercially available sunscreens based on limits of protection from the dose response data. We found that the IPF did not correlate with the SPF and that protection from erythema therefore cannot be used to predict protection of the immune system. However, IPF was significantly correlated to the UVA protective capability of the sunscreens, indicating that sunscreen protection from UVA is important for prevention of immunosuppression. We recommend that sunscreens should be rated against their immune protective capability to provide a better indication of their ability to protect against skin cancer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine the effect of egg shell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) on wrinkle, UV, and moisture protection for cosmetic use. ESMH were fragmented as whole ESMH (before fractioning), Fraction I (> 10 kDa), Fraction II (3-10 kDa), and Fraction III (< 3 kDa). In order to test whether fractionated ESMH can be used for functional cosmetic materials, we examined not only the level of hyaluronic acid and collagen production, but also the MMP-1 activity using a HaCaT and CCD-986Sk cell line. Our study treated each sample of fractionated ESMH with different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/mL). In our in vivo research, we used hairless mice that had been exposed to UV-B to induce wrinkles for 7 wk, then applied Fraction I to the treatment group for 5 wk and then tested skin thickness, minimum erythema dose and moisture content. In addition, Fraction I was high in collagen and HA biosynthesis and it was better than TGF-${\beta}$ in improving of the skin. When TNF-${\alpha}$ caused MMP-1 activity in the CCD-986Sk cells, the whole ESMH and Fraction I proved to be effective in hindering the induction of collagenase depending on the concentration, and also showed outstanding effects in the suppression of skin aging. We found that the treatment group mice's UV-B radiation-induced skin damage was largely mitigated compared to that of the non-treatment group mice. Thus, we have concluded that EMSH helps to mitigate UV-B radiation-induced wrinkles, collagen, HA, MMP-1 activity and can be used for functional cosmetic materials.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2014

Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) in sunlight causes biological damages such as erythema and blister on skin. Microalgae have been in the limelight as an attractive feedstock for manufacturing functional materials. This study focused on screening microalga with protection ability against UV-B. The microalgae were isolated from local areas on April to June 2013 as well as June 2014. The cells were grown under continuous illumination from fluorescent lamps at $136.3{\pm}2.2{\mu}E/m^2/s$ in BG-11 medium at $15^{\circ}C$ for 12-14 days. The selected cells were spread on BG-11 agar and were exposed to UV-B (312 nm) for 20 and 25 minutes. The 13 strains among selected algae were classified. Among these, 9 strains were Scenedesmus sp. and the remains were Chlorella sp. Based on this study, it seems that Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. have resistibility against ultraviolet. These results will help to study on UV protection using microalgae.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2006

Plastichouse cultivation for crops and vegetables in the winter has been widely popularized in Korea. In the vinylhouse Ultraviolet B penetration is lower than in the field, and so some problems, as plant overgrowth and outbreak of disease, occurred frequently. The effect of artificial supplement ultraviolet B $(UV-B:280{\sim}320nm)$ radiation on the physiological responses and yield of perilla (perilla frutescens) was investigated UV-B ray was radiated on perilla with the 10th leaf stage at the distance of 90, 120 and 150 cm from the plant canopy for 30 days after planting in the vinylhouse. The production of fresh perilla leaves was high in the order of plastic house, ambient+50% of supplemental UV-B, ambient ambient+100% of supplemental UV-B. Enhanced UV-B radiation affected the intensity of thirty-three proteins in 2-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins and ten proteins out of them seemed to be responsive to UV-B : a protein was, ATP synthase CF1 alpha chain, down regulated and nine proteins (Chlorophyll a/b bindng protein type I, Chlorophyll a/b binding protein type II precursor, Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2, DNA recombination and repair protein recF, Galactinol synthase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, Heat shock protein 21, Calcium-dependent protein kinase(CDPK)-like, Catalase) were up-regulated.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-55
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• 2003

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-95
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• 2003

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the growth responses of Pinus densiflora seedlings to enhanced UV-B environment for 16 weeks in the field condition. The seedlings were treated with one of three levels of UV-B dosages - ambient UV-B, ambient + 3.2, and ambient + 5.2 KJ m$^{-2}$day$^{-1}$ and the irradiation was performed at the stage before the germination, the fully expanded cotyledon, and the primary needles grown more than 0.8cm in length of the seedlings, respectively. Enhanced UV-B irradiation reduced the height and the root collar diameter growth, and dry mass production of the seedling, and T/R ratio was increased by the UV-B treatment. Difference in seedling growth was observed by difference in time of the UV-B treatment. Among the seedlings which were treated with ambient - 3.2 KJ m$^{-2}$day$^{-1}$, height and root collar diameter growth was relatively high in the seedling received the UV-B treatment at the stage before the germination. The lowest dry mass production was observed in the seedlings received the UV-B at stage of cotyledon both in two levels of enhanced UV-B treatment. Chlorophyll concentration was reduced by enhanced UV-B irradiation, and chlorophyll a/b ratio was increased by the UV-B treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.603-613
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• 2004

Extensive forest fires occurred across the border in Russia. particularly east of Lake Baikal between the Amur and Lena rivers in May 2003. These forest fires released large amounts of particulates and gases into the atmosphere. resulting in adverse effects on regional air quality and the global radiation budget. Smoke pollution from the Russian fires near Lake Baikal was sometimes transported to Korea through Mongolia and eastern China. In this study ground based radiation (visible and UV-B) data measured during May 2003 at Seoul and Kwangju were analyzed to estimate smoke aerosol impacts on solar radiation. Surface criteria air pollutants ($PM_{10}$, CO, $O_3$) data were also obtained from National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) during smoke aerosol event period (19 May~24 May 2003). Large Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) 1.0~3.0 was observed during this period due to the influence of the long range transport of smoke aerosol plume from the Russian fires, resulting in short-wavelength direct aerosol radiative forcing of -90~ -200W/$m^2$. These smoke aerosol plume caused decrease in surface UV-B radiation up to 80% and increase in PM_(10) concentration up to 200${\mu}g/m^3$ exceeding the 24 hour ambient air quality standard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

When a light is projected upon a material, part of its radiant energy is absorbed and the rest is reflected or transmitted according to the nature of the material. The molecules of the substance absorbing a light obtains the radiant energy to make thermal reactions or photochemical reactions. Specially, photochemical reactions by ultraviolet(UV) radiation brings about photochemical degradation such as color change. Because the photochemical damage brings about a devaluation of material and once damaged, it is irretrievable, it is necessary to minimize the damage and conserve the native quality of a material by a protective lighting system. This paper presents the measurement and photochemical damage for UV radiation from light sources. We measured the optical radiations from artificial light sources and daylight, and we analyzed a functional relation between irradiance and UV radiation form the results.