• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2012

Today, rapid changes in technologies and everyday lives due to the Internet make it is difficult to make predictions about the future. Generally, the best way to predict the future has been proposed by experts. Although expert opinions are very important, they are liable to produce incorrect results due to human error, insufficient information regarding future outcomes and a state of connectedness between people, among other reasons. One of the ways to reduce these mistakes is to provide objective information to the experts. There are many studies that focus on the collection of objective material from papers, patents, reports and the Internet, among other sources. This research paper seeks to develop a forecasting method using World Wide Web search results according to the Google search engine and a network analysis, which is generally used to analyze a social network analysis(SNA). In particular, this paper provides a method to analyze a complexity network and to discover important technologies in the construction field. This approach may make it possible to enhance the overall performance of forecasting method and help us understand the complex system.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to highlight recent gut-microbiota studies and to encourage gut-microbiota-related researches in Pediatric science of Korean Medicine. Methods We searched gut microbiota related studies and patents via the PubMed database of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the PatentScope database of the UN World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to see current trends of gut microbiota studies. Results All searched research and review articles in gut-microbiota studies were analyzed and presented as two charts, showing the recent trends of gut microbiota research. We summarized and discussed the significance of the selected fifty-six articles. Also, we listed reported gut-microbiota-derived small metabolites, impacting on human health and diseases. Conclusions This study emphasizes the critical roles of gut-microbiota and their-derived small metabolites in the human physiology and pathology. We know and agree that many natural compounds in Korean Medicine could be converted into small metabolites by gut microbiota in our body. Thus, it is important to encourage physicians and researchers of gut microbiota in the arena of Pediatric Korean Medicine. We believe that researchers will find a lot of unknown metabolites produced by gut microbiota from natural compounds in Korean Medicine.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The scope of teleaudiology has been noted with telehealth due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently. As the notion has been around us for more than 20 years ever since 1999, it is necessary to perceive the knowledge accurately and prepare for the successful implementation of it. Therefore, the literature review including screening and diagnostic audiometry, cochlear implants and hearing aids, and aural rehabilitation, telecommunications technology regarding several fields of teleaudiology, and considerations for practicing were identified. Although overall internet-based audiological services showed benefits in terms of outcome and accessibility, uncertainties of cost-effectiveness, the optimal level of support, and a need for further studies of many aspects for teleaudiology has arisen. In the view of technology, the store-and-forward (asynchronous/hybrid) and a real-time (synchronous) methods were introduced with one applied and nine registered patents recorded from 2004 to 2020 for the invention of teleaudiology in the United States. Also, 10 checklists were suggested for planning teleaudiology practice from prior experience in hosting the teleaudiology program. Conclusively, it is hoped that this review sheds light on recognizing and improving the existing teleaudiology services and helps overcome the challenges faced in the era of pandemic and untact world to come.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The scope of teleaudiology has been noted with telehealth due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently. As the notion has been around us for more than 20 years ever since 1999, it is necessary to perceive the knowledge accurately and prepare for the successful implementation of it. Therefore, the literature review including screening and diagnostic audiometry, cochlear implants and hearing aids, and aural rehabilitation, telecommunications technology regarding several fields of teleaudiology, and considerations for practicing were identified. Although overall internet-based audiological services showed benefits in terms of outcome and accessibility, uncertainties of cost-effectiveness, the optimal level of support, and a need for further studies of many aspects for teleaudiology has arisen. In the view of technology, the store-and-forward (asynchronous/hybrid) and a real-time (synchronous) methods were introduced with one applied and nine registered patents recorded from 2004 to 2020 for the invention of teleaudiology in the United States. Also, 10 checklists were suggested for planning teleaudiology practice from prior experience in hosting the teleaudiology program. Conclusively, it is hoped that this review sheds light on recognizing and improving the existing teleaudiology services and helps overcome the challenges faced in the era of pandemic and untact world to come.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

In recent years, technological competition in the automobile sector is accelerating. This study analyzes the status of patents from a global perspective of three promising future items that Korea has selected as core technologies in the field of autonomous driving,. And the technological cooperation ecosystem was identified through network analysis centered on scientific metrology. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the growth of individual technologies has been strengthened in recent years, and although key source technologies have been largely preempted in major global countries, a close cooperative ecosystem between institutions, companies, and universities in major countries has not yet been formed. Specifically, the US and Japan have the technological leadership, while China is rapidly rising, and Korea is chasing after it as a latecomer. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously strengthen technological cooperation such as R&D of core technology to overcome technological limitations and strengthening of infrastructure construction, attracting excellent foreign talents and international exchanges. This analysis is meaningful in that it explores the global status of Korea's technology and the possibility of technological cooperation from various perspectives in the future from the viewpoint of preoccupation of future technology, rather than grasping the trend of a specific technology.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.147-170
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• 2022

Although the number of patent which is one of the core outputs of technological innovation continues to increase, the number of low-value patents also hugely increased. Therefore, efficient evaluation of patents has become important. Estimation of patent lifespan which represents private value of a patent, has been studied for a long time, but in most cases it relied on a linear model. Even if machine learning methods were used, interpretation or explanation of the relationship between explanatory variables and patent lifespan was insufficient. In this study, patent lifespan (number of renewals) is predicted based on the idea that patent lifespan represents the value of the patent. For the research, 4,033,414 patents applied between 1996 and 2017 and finally granted were collected from USPTO (US Patent and Trademark Office). To predict the patent lifespan, we use variables that can reflect the characteristics of the patent, the patent owner's characteristics, and the inventor's characteristics. We build four different models (Ridge Regression, Random Forest, Feed Forward Neural Network, Gradient Boosting Models) and perform hyperparameter tuning through 5-fold Cross Validation. Then, the performance of the generated models are evaluated, and the relative importance of predictors is also presented. In addition, based on the Gradient Boosting Model which have excellent performance, Accumulated Local Effects Plot is presented to visualize the relationship between predictors and patent lifespan. Finally, we apply Kernal SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to present the evaluation reason of individual patents, and discuss applicability to the patent evaluation system. This study has academic significance in that it cumulatively contributes to the existing patent life estimation research and supplements the limitations of existing patent life estimation studies based on linearity. It is academically meaningful that this study contributes cumulatively to the existing studies which estimate patent lifespan, and that it supplements the limitations of linear models. Also, it is practically meaningful to suggest a method for deriving the evaluation basis for individual patent value and examine the applicability to patent evaluation systems.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.201-223
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• 2015

Existing research on international standardization has largely taken a qualitative approach focusing on comparative studies of national institutions and policies on standards or international rivalries from the perspectives of international relations or innovation studies. While there exists a handful of quantitative studies, they are mostly confined to simple numeric counts of essential patents, new work item proposals, or secretaries staffing international standards development organizations (SDOs). This study aims to contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of international standardization by the analysis of the data coding systematically national activities in the standardization process of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), by far the largest international SDO. Our analysis of the four critical types of standardization documents generated in the Working Group 7 of the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 reveals interesting dynamics among key players of global ICT standards regime. First, while the US takes a dominant share of the personnel as well as new work item proposals for standardization, its quality of activities rather falls behind as it mostly focuses on keeping in check other countries' standardization activities. Second, European countries tend to spread their effort evenly across different types of standardization activities. Finally, despite such differences between the US and European countries, both rely heavily on multinational companies to gain an advantage in the voting stage of standardization process.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.95-108
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• 2020

The development of 5G technology, which is a next-generation communication technology capable of processing large amounts of data in real-time and solving delays, is drawing attention. Not only in the United States but also Korea, 5G is focused on supporting R&D as a national strategic technology. The strategy for the smart factory, one of the core services of the 5G, aims to increase the flexibility of manufacturing production lines. The existing wired communications devices can be replaced into wireless ones with the ultra-low-delay and ultra-high-speed characteristics of 5G. For the efficient development of 5G technology, it is necessary to keep abreast of the status and trend. In this study, based on the collected data of 1517 Korea patents and 1928 US patents, 5G technologies trend was analyzed and key technologies were identified by network analysis and topic modeling. We expect that it will be used for decision making for policy establishment and technology strategy of related industries to provide the trends of technology development related to the introduction of 5G technology to smart factories.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.592-599
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• 2008

Oil sands had not received enough attention due to high production cost. However, as oil price significantly increases, oil sands are receiving more and more interest as unconventional crude oil. The value and applicability of oil sands can be enhanced by upgrading oil sands bitumen to produce synthetic crude oil (SCO). This study analyzed 213 oil sands upgrading patents applied between 1969 and 2006 in US, Canada, Japan, Europe, and Korea. The upgrading technologies could be classified into 9 detailed technologies; hydrocracking, coking, thermal cracking, deasphalting, supercritical technology, bio-technology, hydrotreating, gasification, and others. The number of patents applied for oil sands upgrading increased after 1970, reached a maximum in the early 1980, and slowly increases again in recent years. Korea has a lack of technologies for oil sands. Therefore, the technologies for oil sands production and application, specially, upgrading technologies based on accumulated oil refinery technologies need to be developed to increase self-development ratio of energy resource.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.141-163
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• 2013

As the importance of biotechnology has been increased as a growth engine for country, most countries get focused on securing technological competitiveness in the field of biotechnology. Under the fierce global competition, it is very important to identify technological competitiveness of Korea and our neighboring countries in order to carry out effective research and development. Expert opinion survey such as Delphi is mainly conducted to analyze the technological competitiveness, but the method based on experts' intuition may produce different results depending on survey respondents due to the strong subjective inclination. In this study, the patent registered in US was utilized to analyze the technological competitiveness based on objective data. Targeting countries were Korea, China and Japan which were leading nations in the Northeast Asia. As analytical indexes, NP(Number of Patents), CPP(Cites per Patent), PII(Patent Impact Index), TS(Technology Strength), TI(Technology Independence), PFS(Patent Family Size) were used for analysis. Moreover, the industrial linkage with biotechnology was analyzed by matching IPC code of patents with 44 industries. Based on this analysis, technological convergence and utilization were quantified. The findings can be utilized as basic data when policy is established to improve technological competitiveness in the field of biotechnology.