• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of neck and trunk combined exercise program and single exercise on neck angle and neck and shoulder muscle activity. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: In the single exercise group, the basic stretching, head bending and neck bending exercises were performed. The neck and trunk combined exercise group performed torso strength and trunk stability exercises to stabilize the trunk, and then performed the same neck exercise as the single exercise group. The exercise program was conducted 5 days per week for 2 weeks. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to investigate the statistical analysis of neck angle, neck and upper and middle trapezius muscle activity. Results: 1) There was no significant difference in neck angle degree after exercise in neck single exercise group. 2) In the neck and trunk combined exercise, the neck angle degree decreased continuously with the increase of the experimental period and showed a significant difference. 3) In the single exercise group, the muscles which showed significant difference compared to the post-exercise were the right upper, left and right middle trapezius. 4) In the neck and trunk combined exercise group, the right neck muscles showed significant difference after the exercise before the experiment. Conclusion: It was found that the neck and trunk combined exercise was more effective in reducing neck angle and the muscle activity of the subjects with forward head posture was decreased and increased. However, both exercises showed positive effects.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose a standard of converting 3D shape of men in twenties to 2D patterns. This can be a basis for scientific and automatic pattern making for high quality custom clothes. Firstly, representative 3D body shape of men was modeled. Then the 3D model was divided into 3 shells, front, side and back. Among them, the front shell was divided into 4 blocks by bust line and princess line. Secondly, curves are generated on each block according to matrix combination by grid method. Then triangles were developed into 2D pieces by reflecting the 3D curve length. The grid was arranged to maintain outer curve length. Next, the area of developed pieces and block were calculated and difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area is calculated. Also, area difference ratio by the number of triangles is calculated. The difference ratio was represented as graphs and optimal section is selected by the shape of graphs. The optimal matrix was set considering connection with other blocks. Curves of torso upper front shell were regenerated by the optimal matrix and developed into pieces. We validated it's suitability by comparing difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area of optimal section. The results showed that there was no significant difference between block area and the pieces' area developed by optimal matrix. The optimal matrix for 2D developing could be characterized as two types according to block's shape characteristics, one is affected by triangle number, the other is affected by number of raws more than columns. Through this study, both the 2D pattern developing from 3D body shape and 3D modeling from 2D pattern is possible, so it's standardization also possible.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.708-715
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• 2016

This study researched the sizing system of dress form for apparel manufacturing in the domestic market. It aims to be used as basic data for the development of a dress form that could be used by manufacturers of senior men's clothing. Research focused on the sizes presented on the homepages of 17 dress form manufacturers in the USA, France, Japan, and Korea. Body measurement was made for senior men in their 50's over men (n=134). Six items were measured by the 'Standard body measurement of Size Korea'. The type of dress form in the domestic market can be classified into half-body type (upper body type and lower body type), torso, and whole-body type; in addition, each type is divided into upper arm, arm, crotch, and thigh. Korean dress form manufacturers produced/sold diverse kinds (size 7-9) for women; however, they used large/small sizes or product sizes for men without defining sizes. The chest size (93-105cm) has not been standardized while the rates of waist circumference, hip circumference and shoulder length (in accordance with the chest size) were all different. Global dress form brands manufactured reflecting body dimensions by the state organization USA ASTM. Japan JIS. For this reason, most domestic clothing businesses depend on imported dress forms. Especially, there were no dress forms for senior men. With the growing market for seniors, it would be necessary to produce senior dress forms for clothing production that reflect the body shapes and sizes of seniors.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2022

This paper is an architectural historical study on Chimi of Hwangnyongsa Temple. In this research, the shape and cross-section of the chimi are reviewed. The results of the study are as follows. The chimi is a form in which the head part facing the maru is omitted, and the upper and lower body are separated. The upper and lower bonds are assembled into a two types of joint throughout the side of the torso, and then bound with an iron strap. Because of the absence of ridge line in the front, and the narrow curved surface which makes the side plate close to the plane, the entire cross-section is triangular, and the rear plate maintains the shape of the chimi. The naerimmaru connected to the side of the chimi has a slope, so it is clear that the chimi was used on the woojingak-jibung(hipped-roof), and the wing part and back of the chimi are erected on the side roof. The height of the yongmaru and chunyeomaru is about the same and the roofing tiles of those are in contact. The roofing tiles of chunyemaru should be cut to fit the angle of the contacting part. The maru is 30 stories high of roofing tiles as a result of the on-board survey. Based on reference on the shape and timing of the production of chimi, the height of chimi, and the maru is believed to have been built before the Unified Silla Period and used in buildings with at least seven-kan frontage. Buildings corresponding to these construction conditions can be seen as Central hall and East hall in Hwangnyongsa temple.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2022

Objective: This study was executed to compare and analyze shoulder muscle activation while using an inelastic bar and elastic bar during overhead press exercise. The stability and coordination of shoulder joints will be investigated by measuring and analyzing the EMG of the upper and lower arm muscles. Method: A total of 20 university male students were recruited by dividing into 2 groups; 10 elastic bar participants (age: 20.17 ± 0.41 yrs, height: 174.31 ± 3.34 cm, weight: 74.68 ± 5.65 kg) and 10 inelastic bar participants (age: 20.09 ± 0.23 yrs, height: 173.53 ± 4.11 cm, weight: 75.32 ± 3.31 kg) participated in this study. Results: The EMG analysis results of the four muscles measured in this study showed that there was no difference between the left and right muscles between the groups in Upper Trapezius muscle. In Deltoid, Infraspinatus, and Rectus Abdominis muscles, the elastic bar group was significantly higher than the inelastic bar group between groups, and there was no difference between left and right. Conclusion: Among the four muscles measured in this study, there was no difference between left and right in Deltoid, Infraspinatus, and Rectus Abdominis, but the elastic bar showed significantly higher muscle activity than the inelastic bar. Therefore, it was found that the elastic bar increases muscle activation during exercise than the inelastic bar, and in particular, it further increases muscle activation of the arms and torso, and exercise using the elastic bar can increase neuromuscular stabilization.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.348-358
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• 2013

본 연구는 컴퓨터 마우스 사용으로 인한 근골격계 질환을 예방하기 위해 개발한 랩보드(lap board)의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구참여자는 20대의 근골격계 증상이 없는 대학생 10명이었으며, 랩보드에서 마우스를 사용할 때와 책상에서 마우스를 사용할 때 상지의 움직임, 근전도, 작업수행도 및 주관적 불편도의 차이를 비교분석하였다. 동작분석결과, 어깨 굽힘(shoulder flexion), 어깨 안쪽돌림(shoulder internal rotation) 및 아래팔 엎침(pronation)의 평균 각도가 랩보드와 책상에서 마우스 작업 간에 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 그러나 랩보드와 책상에서 마우스 작업을 할 때의 근활성도, 수행도 및 주관적 불편도는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 랩보드를 사용할 때 작업자의 상지는 책상에서 보다 몸통에 가깝게 위치하였으며, 랩보드를 선호하는 학생은 10명 중 6명이었다. 컴퓨터 마우스 작업으로 인한 근골격계 질환 예방을 위한 진전된 연구가 수행되기를 기대한다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 성격과 신체 만족도에 따라 선호하는 패션 제품의 이미지에 관해 알아보고자 한다. 연구 방법은 선행 문헌 자료를 분석한 후 이를 토대로 설문지를 작성, 배포, 회수한 후 통계처리 하였다. 연구 대상은 만 35$\sim$59세의 우리나라 중년 여성 352명이다. 자료 분석은 SAS와 SPSS를 사용하여 인자분석, 군집분석, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range Test를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 자신의 신체에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 정서적 안정성과 자신감이 높았으며, 보다 대담하고 여성스러운 이미지의 패션 제품을 선호하였다. 성격 특성과 선호하는 패션 제품 이미지와의 관계를 살펴본 결과 지배성이 높은 사람일수록 대담한 이미지의 패션 제품을 선호하였으며, 책임성이 높은 사람일수록 패션 제품에서 실용성을 추구하였으나 대담성에 관해서는 선호도가 낮았다. 정서적 안정성이 높은 사람일수록 품위 있고 실용적인 패션 제품을 선호하였으나 대담스러운 이미지에 관해서는 선호도가 낮았다. 한편 사교성이 높은 사람일수록 품위있고 남성스러운 이미지를 선호하였다. 그리고 자신감이 높은 사람일수록 대담하고 남성스러운 이미지의 패션 제품을 선호하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.621-632
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical characteristic of the wheelchair users by directly measuring the disabled men who use a wheelchair and to classify body types. The subjects were 178 male wheelchair users 20-69 years range of age. The results of this study were as follows. The cause of disability was classified into four groups; Poliomyelitis(P), Spinal Cord Injury(S), Cerebral Palsy(C), Amputee(A). There was a remarkable difference in the physical characteristic of the wheelchair users due to their cause of disability. A have greater values in all the dimensions. P have the largest drop values and smaller values in the lower body dimensions. S have greater values in the height of upper body trunk, back interscye length, and chest circumference, whereas smaller values in waist front length and thigh circumference. C have smaller values in most body dimensions except circumference of lower limb. By the factor analysis on the anthropometric data came out the result to be eight factors. The result of cluster analysis using factor scores shows the body types of wheelchair users can be divided into four body types; PY, RBB, TBP, RA. PY type is short and has the largest drop values, whereas RBB type tends to have the smallest drop values. TBP type is tall and the torso tends to be larger than those of the other types. RA type has smaller values in front body dimensions and moderate values in other dimensions. The diversity in body types should be considered among the wheelchair users.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2020

스마트 기기 사용의 증가와 함께 현대인들의 거북목 증후군 발병률이 증가했다. 거북목 증후군은 목의 앞 근육이 길어지고, 위쪽 근육이 짧아져 몸통에 비해 머리가 앞으로 나와 있는 자세이며, 수술이나 약물치료보다 평소의 자세 습관을 고치는 방법이 효과적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 실시간으로 거북목 증후군을 유발할 수 있는 자세를 감지하고 경고하는 시스템을 제안한다. 올바른 자세와 거북목 자세의 이미지 데이터들을 수집하여 합성곱 신경망기반의 학습모델을 만든다. 웹캠만을 이용하여 카메라에 들어오는 앉은 자세를 학습모델로 실시간 검증하고, 거북목 자세일 경우 경고음을 발생하여 바른 자세를 앉도록 유도한다. 이 시스템은 평소 자세 습관을 교정하도록 유도하여 거북목증후군을 치료하고 목 디스크와 같은 더 심각한 질병을 예방할 수 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2000

Heat stress results in fatigue, a decline in strength, alertness., and mental capacity. The problem is compounded when high humidity exists. To help relieve worker heat stress, many types of cooling units are marketed. While workers may experience some cooling, critical body core temperatures often continue to elevate. This study was designed to find the effects of three kinds of cooling vest with portable frozen gel strips on thermophysiological parameters and on temperature and humidity within clothing. The heart rate, rectal, and skin temperature as well as sweat rate and clothing microclimate were measured during 80 min in 5 healthy males. Inquiries were also made into the subjective rating thermal, humidity comfort, and fatigue sensations. The main findings in our experiments are as follows: (a) Physiological parameters such as rectal temperature was the lowest in garb A1, intermediate in garb A, and the highest in garb A2 throughout the experiment. And mean skin temperature was the lowest in garb A, intermediate in garb A1, and the highest in garb A2; (b) Temperature and humidity within clothing (back) were garb in Al, intermediate in garb A, and the highest in garb A2. But the temperature and humidity within clothing (chest) were garb in A, intermediate in garb A1, and the highest in garb A2; (c) Most participants (4 out of 5 persons) answered that they felt more comfortable and fatigueless in garb A1 than in garb A and A2. It is concluded that local cooling in garb A1 of the upper torso could physiological reduce the thermal strain in participants wearing cooling vest.