• Title/Summary/Keyword: UN

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The Influence of Personality Traits on Airline Untact Check-in: Focusing on Mobile Check-in User

  • YANG, Jae-Pil;PARK, Sang-Beom
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.15-30
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: Year of 2020, COVID-19 has been changing the people's everyday life to ways never been thought of before all over the world. The IT and electronic industry, the methods of supplying goods and services have been changed from contact to un-tact environments based on un-tact systems very rapidly. COVID-19 has been striking the tourism and the travel industry, especially the airline and hotel industry of which services are provided by human. For the passenger service of airliner, automation has been propelled and un-tact style of service has become mainstreams except cabin service since 2000's. For passenger transportation, due to traffic regulations and exclusions etc., switching to new ways is not easy. However, under the new environment made by COVID-19, kiosk check-in, web check-in and mobile check-in has become more important. In this study, the characteristics of airline customers using mobile goods are investigated to find ways to raise the rate of utilizing mobile check-in and to increase the efficiency of boarding process. Research design, data, and methodology: Considering the COVID-19 environment, survey was done by online research company. The research model is designed to integrate the user characteristics and usage/purchase motive and technology acceptance theory. Especially considering infectious diseases prevention, concern of safety is adopted as one of the usage motive variable. Results: Extraversion or conscientiousness characteristics prefers counter check-in(contact service), while openness characteristics prefers mobile check-in(un-tact service). Concern of safety for infectious disease shows strong non-preference on counter check-in. Conclusions: Regarding service type regardless of type of the industry, automation and un-tact have been mainstreams due to high costs of labor, efficiency and standardization issue, etc., and COVID-19 has given impetus to them. For airliner, un-tact service including boarding process service has been more and more important. To raise the rate of un-tact service use, the characteristics of the user should be analyzed first. The study results indicate that for extraversion or conscientiousness, some kinds of methods to induce them to use un-tact service more are needed.

Exploring Sub-watershed suitable to UN-REDD/AR-CDM by Comparative Evaluation of Carbon Stock in Baekdu Mountain (백두산에서 탄소저장량 비교분석을 통한 UN REDD/AR-CDM 등록대상 소유역 추적)

  • Joo, Seung-Min;Um, Jung-Sup
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2014
  • UN-REDD (United Nations programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in Developing Countries) and AR-CDM (Afforestation/Reforestation-Clean Development Mechanism) is currently being emerged as one of important mechanism to reduce carbon dioxide in relation to the deforestation. Discussion on North Korea as UN-REDD/AR-CDM project target continues with a view to preventing deforestation and to securing CER(certified emission reduction) for South Korea. The forests in Mt. Baekdu are degraded, deforestation is occurred, nevertheless, portion of forested area is still high, where both REDD and AR-CDM investment potential are quite high. Accordingly, this study is intended to explore a simultaneous registration potential to UNREDD/AR-CDM for Mt. Baekdu although separate registration to UN-REDD or AR-CDM has already gained worldwide recognition as a typical method in the process of GHG (Greenhouse Gas) reduction project. The results indicate that selecting UN-REDD or AR-CDM in accordance with sub-watershed forest condition could capture 53.2% more carbon dioxide than REDD alone and 21.9% more than AR-CDM alone. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a realistic evidence to introduce carbon sequestering project in accordance with sub-watershed forest condition.

Evaluating MRV Potentials based on Satellite Image in UN-REDD Opportunity Cost Estimation: A Case Study for Mt. Geum-gang of North Korea (UN-REDD 기회비용 산정에서 위성영상 기반의 MRV 여건평가: 금강산을 사례로)

  • Joo, Seung-Min;Um, Jung-Sup
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.47-58
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    • 2014
  • The credible measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) is among the most critical elements in UN-REDD (United Nations programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in Developing Countries). This study is intended to explore MRV potential in terms of UN-REDD opportunity cost estimation using satellite image for Mt. Geum-gang of North Korea. A visual interpretation were conducted to evaluate MRV conditions by sub-dividing or decomposing the images with different pixel size into a three types of hierarchical tree structure that helps dealing with spatial variability within each subarea. The permanent record of standard satellite remote sensing system demonstrated its capability of presenting area-wide visual evidences of MRV conditions in Mt. Geum-gang (such as the identification of forested area, degradation trends for forest space, three types of hierarchical land-cover and land use tree structure, carbon density in the landscape). Satellite data could be accepted as legally binding proof when it comes to REDD opportunity cost estimation since several cases exist where remote sensing has been used as legal evidence in ICJ (International Court of Justice) and UN resolution. It doesn't seem very difficult to comply with MRV requirements for UN-REDD opportunity cost calculation due to the probative value of satellite data. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for Korea-based enterprises exploring REDD project sites and the carbon traders to ensure MRV potentials using satellite image in UN-REDD Opportunity Cost estimation.

Study of HubWA Protein Folding Reaction by Measuring the Stability of Folding Intermediate (중간단계의 구조적 안정성을 통한 HubWA 단백질의 접힘(folding) 반응 탐색)

  • Soon-Ho Park
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.67 no.2
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2023
  • The contribution of hydrophobic residues to the protein folding reaction was studied by using HubWA variant proteins with I and L to V mutation. Folding kinetics of all V variant proteins was observed to be satisfied by a three-state on-pathway mechanism, U ⇌ I ⇌ N, where U, I, and N represent unfolded, intermediate, and native state, respectively. Three-state folding reaction was quantitatively analyzed and the free energy of folding of each elementary reactions and overall folding reaction, ΔGoUI, ΔGoIN, and ΔGoUN, were obtained. From the ratio of free energy difference between the variant protein and HubWA, ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN (ΔΔGoUI = ΔGoUI (variant protein) - ΔGoUI (HubWA) and ΔΔGoUN = ΔGoUN (variant protein) - ΔGoUN(HubWA)), the contribution of hydrophobic residues to HubWA folding was analyzed. The residues which are located in the hydrophobic core between α-helix and β-sheet, I3, I13, L15, I30, L43, I61 and L67, showed ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value of ~0.5 when each of these residues was mutated to V, indicating that these residues form relatively solid hydrophobic core in the intermediate state. Residues located at the end of secondary structures and loop, I23, L69 and I36 showed ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value below 0.4 when each of these residues was mutated to V, indicating that the region containing these residues are loosely formed in the intermediate state. V17A, L50V and L56V showed fairly high ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value of ~0.8. Since L50 and L56 are located in the region containing long loop (residue 46 to 62), it is suggested that the high ΔΔGoUI/ΔΔGoUN value of these residues prevents the formation of aggregate at the early stage of folding reaction.

The nature of UN support of the Korea War (유엔의 6.25전쟁 지원과 성격 -신정공세 전후 유엔의 휴전교섭 노력을 중심으로-)

  • Yang, Yong-Jo
    • Journal of National Security and Military Science
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    • s.8
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    • pp.1-48
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the Untied Nations' efforts for peace on Korean peninsular after CCF's participation in Korean War. The Untied Nation tried to negotiate th peace plan between two sides from the end of 1950. Once the CCF's entry into the war had been confirmed, the war situation moved to a new phase, and the UN forces, which had guided the war in an effort to destroy the NKP A forces, and to punish North Korea, had to set up new guidelines to cope with the new situation. Accordingly, in late November, 1950, the UN forces camp, mainly the US Joint Chiefs of Staff and the United Nations Command, discussed various options, such as an expansion of the war up to the Chinese territory, a cease fire along the 38th Parallel, or a forced and inevitable evacuation. The Korean delegation to the UN insisted that "the unification of Korea should be achieved only by victory in the war. The Chinese intervention in the war is a Challenge to the UN in the same way as the North Korean invasion. The UN participation in the war was to repulse the invasion. With the same spirit we should drive back the Chinese Communists." The Korean delegation also emphasized to the friendly nations the political objective and will of unification, and that a cease fire at a threshold of unification might return us to the status quo ante bellum, and would be contrary to the Korean nation's desire. At that time, particularly, the US strongly considered the employment of nuclear weapons as one of the new strategies to cope with the Chinese invasion. The international effects of these casual remarks were realized almost at once. The British Prime Minister who had not wanted the expansion of war in the Far East, especially from the view point of the interest of NATO's security, visited Washington. so the conference had a very important meaning for the UN forces' new strategy. On the other hand, at the UN, on the 5th of December, the very day Truman and Attlee agreed to seek a cease-fire under UN auspices, a group of thirteen Asian and Arab states proposed to ask China and North Korea not to cross the 38th Parallel, and sounded out both sides about a cease fire along the 38th Parallel. The United States and the United Kingdom gave their assent, but China and North Korea gave no direct response. The CCF, who were securing the initiative of operation, were not agreeable with the proposal of the UN forces. The Untied Nation has tried to negotiate th peace plan between two sides from the December of 1950 and January of 1951. The Untied Nations' has achieved great results to negotiate for the peace plan on Korean peninsular after CCF's participation in Korean War. It's the results considering both the operation situation and political opinions.

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Une lecture du film d'animation do Christian Volckman (크리스티앙 볼크만(Christian Volckman)의 장편 애니메이션 <르네상스(Renaissance)> 의 해석에 대한 방법적 시도)

  • Han, Sang-Jung
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.13
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    • pp.199-210
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    • 2008
  • Nous tentons ici d'une analyse esthetique sur le film d'animation francais "Renaissance". Le film d'animation est un genre du recit d'images. L'on no peut donc le traiter simplement comme les chaines des images sans I'histoire, ni comme I'histoire sans les images. Nous essaions de trouver dans notre etude, un meddle d'analyse sur le film d'animation. L'acces y est commece par expliquer le context du film et son resume de I'histoire. Ensuite, nous travaillons sur les caracteristiques produites par des images(noir et blanc) et des techniques(motion capture). Elles sont considerees comme les traits expressifs, ou les trails formels. Troisiement, on analysr des codes des genres et des sens implicites qui sont presentes dans le film. Apres aborder tous ces prises on comptes, nous les synthetisons dans ie principe d'esthetique. lci, celui-ci est figure comme un accord entre les caractedristiques formelless et les contenus traites. Mais le film n'arrive pas a cette concordance. L'avancee technique et le plaisir visuel que le film nous donne ne sont pourtant pas meprisable memo si I'objectif esthetique du film no s'acheve sur un echec. Notre etude est un peu large afin d'analyser les detailes du film. Nous laisssons cette faiblesss a un autre travail du futur, on etant content sur l'etude qui pout servir a analyser un film d'animation, mame un peu grossierement.

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A Supporting System for Developing Standard B2B Electronic Documents Based on UN/CEFACT Submission Forms (UN/CEFACT 제출 양식 기반의 기업간 표준 전자문서 개발 지원 시스템)

  • Ahn, Kyung-Lim;Park, Chan-Kwon;Kim, Hyoung-Do
    • The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.49-66
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    • 2006
  • As business-to-business electronic commerce becomes activated, usage rate of standard electronic documents is rapidly increasing. Types and forms of standard documents exchanged between businesses have also been changed. Instead of EDI documents, mainly used in the initial phase, XML documents have been actively used recently. However, most framework standards for XML documents just specify basic syntax rules, messaging protocols, and standard documents. As a result, it has been usually difficult to procure efficiency and effectiveness in developing new standard electronic documents. Reflecting the experiences of developing UN/EDIFACT, UN/CEFACT provides a methodology and library for reusing standard data items as components when defining electronic documents. However, much additional effort is required for applying the methodology and library to the development process. In order to improve this situation, this paper proposes a system for supporting the development process by reusing various resources of registries/repositories, focusing on UN/CEFACT submission forms for standard electronic documents.

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Interaction between UN and CdCl2 in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic. I. Experiment at 773 K

  • Zhitkov, Alexander;Potapov, Alexei;Karimov, Kirill;Shishkin, Vladimir;Dedyukhin, Alexander;Zaykov, Yury
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 2020
  • The interaction between UN and CdCl2 in the LiCl-KCl molten eutectic was studied at 773 K. The reaction was controlled by sampling the melt, as well as by analysis of the resulting precipitate. The process was shown to proceed according to several parallel reactions. The summary reaction was determined to have two stages: a fast one and a slow one. The 19-53% UN → UCl3 conversion was obtained for the molar ratio of CdCl2/UN = 1.22-14.9. The rest of UN converts into the precipitate of complex composition (UNCl + U2N3 + U4N7 + UN2). The increase in the CdCl2/UN molar ratio from 1.22 to 14.9 resulted in the decrease in duration of the first "fast" stage of the process from 18 h to 1 h.

Ritorno attraverso la letteratura (문학을 통한 고향으로의 귀환 - 피에르 안토니오 콰란톳티 감비니(Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini)와 트리에스테(Trieste), 그리고 이스트리아(Istria)-)

  • Kim, Hee-Jung
    • Lettere Italiane
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    • no.29
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    • pp.161-187
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    • 2010
  • Per discuteretrattare la problematica concernente un significato intimamente legato a Istria(ora è ilsuolo sloveno ) e a Trieste(ora è il suolo italinao) - quello di ≪frontiera≫, assieme alla ≪cultura e letteratura di frontiera≫ - si dovrebbe fare un'incursione nella storia. In un'altra relazione, analizzando il particolare inserimento di queste città adriatiche nella dinamica fluttuante del rapporto fra centro e provincia nello spazio mitteleuropeo, abbiamo accennato al fatto che, alla fine della prima guerra mondiale, Trieste diventa un centro periferico, situato all'estremo confine orientale d'Italia, in altre parole, una vera e propria ≪città di frontiera≫. E Istria è uno stato dell'Europa centrale confinante ad ovest con l'Italia, percui In Slovenia c'è una comunità autoctona italiana nella parte istriana. Vera "città invisibil" nella topografia del Novecento, Trieste ed Istria ebbero in sorte, negli anni che precedettero la Grande Guerra e la sua (per certi aspetti esizale) annessione all'Italia, un manipolo invidiabile di cantori. Il mito storiografico di una " letteratura triestina" sembrano dovuti, fatte salve le necessarie e risapute considerazioni cronlogiche e ambientali, a una straordinaria intuizione collettva. Più sospettiamo in loro la lucida consapevoleza dell'enorme potenzialità spirituale che scaturisce dalle condizioni materiali: dal determinato assetto di un paesaggio umano, razzi, momenti, e mile compresi. È stato forse proprio Pietro Antonio Gambini a spiegare meglio di chiunque altro questa originalissima configurazione dell'intelligenza e della fantasia in quella Rosa rossa. Il saggio esamina il rapporto di Antonio Gambini con la 'letteratura treistina' e con la movimentata attività letteraria di ≪Solaria≫. Si focalizza l'attenzione con il primo romanzo di Gambini La rosa rossa che rappresenta un omaggio al mondo istriano della sua adolescenza alla base della l'assimilazione di un ambiente cosmopolita a una parlata e a una cultura, nella fattispecie la parlata veneta dei commerci e la cultura.