• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1994

Removal of viscous materials, mainly alginate, from sea tangle extracts by $CaCl_2$ precipitation or ultrafiltration was investigated. The sea tangle extracts were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides followed by 2 hours of boiling in 1.5% NaCl or 2.0% sucrose solution. The $CaCl_2$ precipitation resulted in higher amount of total solid, amino-nitrogen and mannitol than those values of ultrafiltration, but protein extracted was less in the former. Both methods caused a significant decrease in the viscosity and turbidity of the extracts. The composition of four nucleotides showed that UMP and IMP were not detected in $CaCl_2$ precipitated extracts, while ultrafiltered extracts showed a fairly even distribution of them. Removal of viscous material, particularly ultrafiltration increased the glutamic acid in amino acid composition and reduced serine, histidine, lysine, glycine, phenylalanine and leucine.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.30.1-30.13
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the microleakage and characteristics of the resin-tooth tissue interface between self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems after 48 hours and 3 months. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1-step self-etch adhesive system - Optibond^TM All-In-One, and 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system - Adper^TM Single Bond 2. Both groups were subjected to 500 thermocycles (5℃-55℃) before scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis or microleakage trial at 48-hour and 3-month time periods. Results: SEM images showed the hybrid layer thickness, diameter, and length of resin tags of the self-etch adhesive (0.42 ± 0.14 ㎛; 1.49 ± 0.45 ㎛; 16.35 ± 14.26 ㎛) were smaller than those of the etch-and-rinse adhesive (4.39 ± 1.52 ㎛; 3.49 ± 1 ㎛; 52.81 ± 35.81 ㎛). In dentin, the microleakage scores of the 2 adhesives were not different in both time periods (48 hours/3 months). However, the microleakage score of etch-and-rinse adhesive increased significantly after 3 months (0.8 ± 0.63 and 1.9 ± 0.88, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The self-etch adhesive exhibited better long-term sealing ability in dentin when compared to that of the etch-and-rinse adhesive. The greater hybrid layer thickness and dimensions of resin tags did not guarantee reliable, long-lasting sealing in the bonding area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.720-726
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• 1995

Chemical components relevant to the characteristic taste of the Korean native persimmon(Diospyros kaki, Thumb) leaf tea were analyzed. Samples were processed by using three different methods ; SHT(steamed and then hot-air dried), DHT(dried in the shade, steamed and then hot-air dried) and RHT(roasted and then hot-air dried). The components analyzed were general compositions of dried perisimmon leaves and extracted solution. The composition of moisture, ash, crude lipid and total nitrogen did not show significant variation among different processing methods of the persimmonleaf tea. The contents of caffeine, tannin and vitamin C in persimmon leaf tea were in the range of $178.4~209.8{\mu}mol/g$, 29.1~38.5mg% and 325.3~2084.7mg%, respectively. The vitamin C content was significantly higher in the RHT than other treatments. The contents of caffeine, tannin and vitamin C in the tea extracted solution were in the range of $101.5~130.1{\mu}mol/g$, 15.4~25.9mg% and 111.0~1274.3mg%, respectively. The vitamine C in the tea solution was the highest in the RHT treatment and 61.1% of vitamin C in the leaf tea was extracted out in these processing methods. The major amino acids contained in the leaf tea were in decreasing order glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and phenylalanine, these four amino acids consisting 38.9~39.8% of the total amino acid contained in the persimmon leaf tea. The major amino acids contained in the tea solution were glutamic acid, proline, histidine and arginine. Six kinds of 5'-nucleotides, CMP, AMP, UMP, IMP, GMP and hypoxanthine were detected and CMP was the most abundant component in fresh leaf, leaf tea and tea solution. The second highest 5'-nucleotides in both leaf tea and tea solutions were GMP, AMP and UMP in all processing method. The highest free sugar contained in the fresh leaf tea and tea solution was sucrose.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.625-634
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• 2013

Energy is a direct restriction to the working life of an underwater mooring platform (UMP). In this paper, a vertical axis water turbine (VAWT) is designed to supply energy for UMPs. The VAWT has several controlled blades, which can be opened or closed by inside plunger pumps. Two-dimensional transient numerical studies are presented to determine the operating performance and power output of the turbine under low ocean current velocity. A standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model is used to perform the transient simulations. The influence of structural parameters, including foil section profile, foil chord length and rotor diameter, on the turbine performance are investigated over a range of tip-speed-ratios (TSRs). It was found that turbine with three unit length NACA0015 foils generated a maximum averaged coefficient of power, 0.1, at TSR = 2.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2002

동 연구는 미국 캘리포니아주 San Joaquin Valley의 고정오염원들로부터 발생되는 ROG(Reactive Organic Gases) 배출량을 저감하기 위하여 명령통제방식(CAC)과 경제적 유인제도를 적용할 경우의 비용효과성을 비교 분석하였다. 경제적 유인제도로서는 UMPS(uniform marketable permit system)와 LMPS(localized marketable permit system) 배출권거래제도를 적용하였다. 분석결과 배출권거래제도(UMPS, LMPS)를 이용한 ROG 배출량 저감이 명령통제방식보다 비용이 적게 드는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, one-to-one permits trading이 허용되는 UMPS의 경우에는 일부 특정 지역에 대한 환경질이 악화되는 결과를 초래하는 경우가 발생하여, 궁극적으로 San Joaquin Valley의 ROG 배출량 저감을 위해서는 UMPS 방식의 배출권거래제도 도입이 보다 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 1999

Two polysaccharides, ACP-UMP and ACP-ULF, were purified from the aerial part of Artemisia capillaris by anion-exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration chromatography. The polysaccharides appeared to be homogenious from the results of HPLC. The molecular weights of ACP-UMF and ACP-ULF were estimated to be 16305.92 D and 3292.26 D, respectively, by MALDI-TOF MS. The sugar compositions were determined by GC to be arabinose 10.05%, xylose 1.67%, mannose 5.45G, galactose 39.06%, glucose 15.43% for ACP-UMF and arabinose 11.60%, xylose 11.15%, mannose 6.37% galactose 32.47%, glucose 18.35% for ACP-ULF. A polysaccharide, SP-M was determined to be 2462.52 D by MALDI-TOF MS. SP-M consisted mainly of rhamnose 36.49%, arabinose 29.00%, and glucose 19.38%. Incubation of CCl4-intoxicated hepatocytes with ACP-UMF reduced the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) to 62.8% and 23.8%. ACP-ULF also reduced the levels of GPT and MDA to 46.1% and 38.1% and 26.3%, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3022-3026
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• 2013

The adsorption of carbon dioxide on graphene sheets was theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and MP2 calculations. Geometric parameters and adsorption energies were computed at various levels of theory. The $CO_2$ chemisorption energies on graphene-$C_{40}$ assuming high pressure are predicted to be 71.2-72.1 kcal/mol for the lactone systems depending on various C-O orientations at the UCAM-B3LYP level of theory. Physisorption energies of $CO_2$ on graphene were predicted to be 2.1 and 3.3 kcal/mol, respectively, at the single-point $UMP2/6-31G^{**}$ level of theory for perpendicular and parallel orientations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

We furnished some properties of fuzzy testing of independence for correlation in a bivariate normal distribution by agreement index. First we present some restriction of the fuzzy data, define fuzzy sample correlation coefficient and agreement index for testing hypothesis with acceptance or rejection degree. Also, we show that UMP unbiased fuzzy test and drawing conclusions the fuzzy test.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1992

The effects of an antimetabolite, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AU) on the levels of glucose, glycogen, catechoamines and mucleotides in mice brain were investigated. The level of glucose in the blood starts increasing from 3 h after administration of 6-AU while those in the brain tissue start increasing from 9 h after administration of 6-AN. The concentration of brain glvcogen remained unchanged at all time points except 11h. The level of epinephrine in the brain was found to reach maximum value at initial 3 h following 6-AU administration, after urhich it started dec$\ulcorner$easing si역서cantle. The Brvel of brain norepinephrine remained virtually unchanged before 24 h time point at which it starts decreasing significantly. ATP, CTP, UMP and UTP levels were significantly reduced but AMP and CMP levels urere not affected.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2011

The Bacillus subtilis pyrimidine biosynthetic (pyr) operon encodes all of the enzymes for the de novo biosynthesis of Uridine monophosphate (UMP) and additional cistrones encoding a uracil permease and the regulatory protein PyrR. The PyrR is a bifunctional protein with pyr mRNA-binding regulatory funtion and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity. To study the global regulation by the pyrR deletion, the proteome comparison between Bacillus subtilis DB104 and Bacillus subtilis DB104 ${\Delta}$pyrR in the minimal medium without pyrimidines was employed. Proteome analysis of the cytosolic proteins from both strains by 2D-gel electrophoresis showed the variations in levels of protein expression. On the silver stained 2D-gel with an isoelectric point (pI) between 4 and 10, about 1,300 spots were detected and 172 spots showed quantitative variations in which 42 high quantitatively variant proteins were identified. The results showed that production of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes (PyrAA, PyrAB, PyrB, PyrC, PyrD, and PyrF) were significantly increased in B. subtilis DB104 ${\Delta}$pyrR. Besides, proteins associated carbohydrate metabolism, elongation protein synthesis, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, motility, tRNA synthetase, catalase, ATP-binding protein, and cell division protein FtsZ were overproduced in the PyrR-deficient mutant. Based on analytic results, the PyrR might be involved a number of other metabolisms or various phenomena in the bacterial cell besides the pyrimidine biosynthesis.