• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.404-413
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• 2007

This study was carried out to compare UCP2 polymorphism, dietary habits, and obesity index in normal and obese university students. The survey was carried out using self-questionnaires collected from the 126 normal and 60 obese university students. The results are summarized as follows. Breakfast was skipped in 43.7% of normal and 49.3% of obesity students and it appeared obese students eat faster than normal students. The percentage of weight control experience were 49.2 and 71.0 in the normal and obese students, respectively. Blood levels of lipid profiles(triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol), hemoglobin, AST and ALT were anaylzed. In UCP2 genes, the frequency of deletion homozygote(DD) was 71.5%, heterozygote(DI) was 26.9% and insertion homozygote(II) was 1.6%. Plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of normal students were 79.06, 172.25, 100.86 and 57.03 mg/dl, and those of obese students were 93.06, 173.22, 101.22 and 54.39 mg/dl, respectively. Blood parameters were in normal range in both group. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels of obese students were higher than those of normal students. On the other hand, plasma HDL cholesterol levels of obese students were lower than those of normal students. Plasma levels of AST and ALT were in normal range in both group. However, AST and ALT levels of obese students were higher than that of normal students. Thus, it was recommended for them to have a nutritional education program to improve their dietary and living habits for obese students’health. Nutritional education program should also be organized practically and systematically.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.519-551
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• 1999

When an issuing bank issues a documentary credit, it must decide if the reimbursement will be a direct or simple or a bank-to-bank reimbursement. This decision is based on the bank that is nominated to pay, incur a deferred payment undertaking, accept drafts or negotiate. If an issuing bank decided bank-to-bank reimbursement, it must include the information in the credit instructing the nominated bank on how to obtain reimbursement. This instruction includes the name of the reimbursing bank, an indication that the reimbursement is subject to the Uniform Rules for Bank-to-Bank Reimbursements Under Documentary Credits ('URR'), ICC Publication 525 and any additional information that affects the nominated bank's ability to receive reimbursement. Until recently, reimbursements were the subject of outline regulation by Article 19 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits ('UCP') and national law. Now, however, the International Chamber of Commerce has drafted URR, designed to emulate the harmonization of rules governing documentary credits achieved by the UCP. The URR are complementary to the UCP, which they are not intended to override or change. They became effective on July 1, 1996. The purpose of this study is to promote understanding on the Uniform Rules for Bank-to-Bank Reimbursements under Documentary Credits. In this paper, I studied the following subjects:(1) Bank-to-Bank Reimbursements tranaction under Documentary Credits, (2) Meaning of the URR's promulgation, (3) Analysis on the URR's Article. (1) General provisions and definitions, (2) Liabilities and responsibilities, (3) Form and notification of authorisations, amendments and claims, (4) Miscellaneous provisions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2005

가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)이 대사증후군(代謝症候群)에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 ICR mouse에 고지방식이로 비만과 대사증후군(代謝症候群)을 유도하면서 신유(腎兪)(BL23)에 상응하는 부위에 일정한 방법으로 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)후 체중, 식이효율, 혈중 glucose, insulin level, insulin resistance, 경구내당능, 혈압, 혈중지질의 변화, 지방조직의 중량과 면적, 조직학적 변화와 GLUT-4 mRNA 및 UCP-1 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하여 유의한 결과를 얻었다. 1. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 체중의 증가와 식이효율의 상승을 억제하였다. 2. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 혈중 glucose, insulin level 및 insulin resistance의 상승을 억제하고, 경 구내당능을 개선시켰다. 3. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 혈압의 상승을 억제하였다. 4. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 혈중지질의 이상을 개선시켰다. 5. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 WAT, BAT 및 liver 중량의 증가를 억제하였고, WAT와 BAT의 면적과 직경의 증가를 억제하였다. 6. 가시오가피약침(五加皮藥鍼)은 GLUT-4 mRNA 및 UCP-1 mRNA 발현의 증가를 억제하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1407-1410
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• 2007

We designed to investigate the relationship the cold-hot theory of herbology and body temperature in experimental model. we prepared four kinds of oriental medicine, which consisted of two cold herbs, Daehwang and Seokgo, and two hot herbs, Buja and Padu. Decrease of body temperature by cold exposure for 12 hour was not inhibited by four herbs oral administration for two weeks. Thermogenesis in mammals is an essential physiological function to maintain the body temperature. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins(UCPs), which have a potential to generate heat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, apper to play a crucial role in thermogenesis. Therefore UCP is commonly recognized as a key molecule in metabolic thermogenesis and its dysfunction contributes to the development of obesity. In these experiments, Daehwang water extracts inhibited the UCP1 mRNA expression increase by cold exposure in brown adipose tissue. But other herbs did not significantly influence on UCPs mRNA expression in white adipose tissue and seleus muscle tissue. Based on this experiment, we will try to clarify the effects of Daehwang water extracts on UCP1 expression and function.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The separated management and operation of commercial IP/optical multilayer networks makes network operators look for a unified control plane (UCP) to reduce their capital and operational expenditure. Software-defined networking (SDN) provides a central control plane with a programmable mechanism, regarded as a promising UCP for future optical networks. The general control and scheduling mechanism in SDN-based optical burst switching (OBS) networks is insufficient so the controller has to process a large number of messages per second, resulting in low network resource utilization. In view of this, this paper presents the burst-flow scheduling mechanism (BFSM) with a proposed scheduling algorithm considering channel usage. The simulation results show that, compared with the general control and scheduling mechanism, BFSM provides higher resource utilization and controller performance for the SDN-based OBS network in terms of burst loss rate, the number of messages to which the controller responds, and the average latency of the controller to process a message.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1401-1406
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• 2018

Objective: The uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily and has crucial effects on growth and feed efficiency in many species. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the association of polymorphisms in the UCP3 gene with feed efficiency in meat-type chickens. Methods: Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the UCP3 gene were chosen to be genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in meat-type chicken populations with 724 birds in total. Body weight at 49 (BW49) and 70 days of age (BW70) and feed intake (FI) in the interval were collected, then body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated individually. Results: One SNP with a low minor allele frequency (<1%) was removed by quality control and data filtering. The results showed that rs13997809 of UCP3 was significantly associated with BWG and FCR (p<0.05), and that rs13997811 had significant effects on BW70 and BWG (p<0.05). Rs13997812 of UCP3 was strongly associated with BW70, FI, and FCR (p<0.05). Furthermore, individuals with AA genotype of rs13997809 had significantly higher BWG and lower FCR (p<0.05) than those with AT genotype. The GG individuals showed strongly higher BW70 and BWG than AA birds in rs13997811 (p<0.05). Birds with the TT genotype of rs13997812 had significantly greater BW70 and lower FCR compared with the CT birds (p<0.05). In addition, the TAC haplotype based on rs13997809, rs13997811, and rs13997812 showed significant effects on BW70, FI, and FCR (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results therefore demonstrate important roles for UCP3 polymorphisms in growth and feed efficiency that might be used in meat-type chicken breeding programs.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.257-278
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• 1995

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.581-603
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• 2000

Beneficiary must present all documents stipulated in the Credit. If the documents conform in all respects with the terms and conditions of the Credit, beneficiary has a right to payment from an issuing or confirming bank. And banks must examine all documents presented by beneficiary for taking up the documents. If the documents appear on their face not to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit, banks may refuse to take up the documents. But standard for compliant documents with the terms and conditions of the Credit in the UCP or Section 5 of UCC is unclear. Because UCP Article 13(a) provides merely that banks must examine all documents stipulated in the Credit ${\cdots}$ to ascertain whether or not they appear, on their face, to be compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit. ${\cdots}$ Documents which appear on their face to be inconsistent with one another will be considered as not appearing on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit. Also UCC Section 5-108(a) provides merely that. ${\cdots}$ an issuer shall honor a presentation that, ${\cdots}$ appears on its face strictly to comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit. All problems are not resolve with easy by these regulations. Accordingly, I examined requirements for compliant documents with the terms and conditions of the Credit on the basis of the UCP and cases. To analyse this, I divided into three requirements ; (1) Completeness, (2) Regularity, (3) Linkage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.484-491
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 시네트롤(Sinetrol-XPur)을 유전성 비만 마우스(Obese)에 7주간 식이 투여하여 항비만 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 시네트롤을 섭취한 유전성 비만 마우스군(Sinetrol low와 Sinetrol high)의 체중증가량은 Obese군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였고, 간 무게변화량은 Sinetrol high군에서 Obese군보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 백색지방의 무게변화량은 Sinetrol high군에서 Obese군보다 유의적으로 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 실험동물의 혈청 지질 함량은 TC, TG, LDL/VLDL-콜레스테롤이 Obese군에 비해 Sinetrol군에서 감소하였고, HDL-콜레스테롤은 유전성 비만군(Obese, Sinetrol low, Sinetrol high) 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. HDL/LDL ratio를 계산한 결과에서는 Sinetrol군에서 Obese군보다 유의적으로 증가하였음을 확인하였다. 실험동물군의 지방조직에서 비만 관련 유전자들의 발현을 측정한 결과, FAS와 LPL의 발현은 Obese군보다 Sinetrol군에서 감소하였고 HSL의 발현은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, UCP-2의 발현은 Obese군에 비해 Sinetrol high군에서 유의적으로 증가하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 세포 내 cAMP를 측정한 결과 시네트롤 처리 시 농도 의존적으로 cAMP가 증가하였음을 확인하였고, 증가한 cAMP에 의해 UCP-2의 발현이 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 시네트롤이 지방 합성과 관련된 유전자 발현의 억제 및 에너지 소비와 관련된 유전자의 발현을 증가시키고 체내 지방의 축적이나 합성을 감소시켜 체중의 증가를 예방하며, 혈중 지질 함량들을 개선하여 항비만 효과가 있는 천연 기능성 식품으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.249-258
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• 1998

Obesity, one of the most common metabolic diseases in industrial countries is characterized by an increase in the number or size of adipocytes. In an effort to create transgenic mouse models for the study of obesity we developed a novel technique in which adipose tissue can be ablated genetically at will, at any specific developmental stage and/or physiological condition, by the treatment of ganciclovir. We made a series of adipocytespecific expression vectors using minimal regulatory regions of brown adipocyte-specific uncoupling protein (UCP-1) gene and adipocyte-specific aP2 gene, and then analyzed their expression characteristics in cultured cell lines. When both constructs pUCP-LacZ and paP2-LacZ were transfected transiently into differentiating 3T3-L1 (pre-while adipocytes) and HIB-1B (pre-brown adipocytes) cell lines in vitro and then monitored by X-gal staining of cells, these regulatory regions were sufficient to show proper differentiation stage-specific expression in adipocvtes. To confirm that adipocytes expressing HSV-TK controlled by these minimal requlatory elements are sufficient to kill themselves with ganciclovir treatment pUCP-TK and paP2-TK expression constructs were transfected stably into HIB-1B and 3T3-L1 cells, respectively, and their ganciclovir sensitivities were tested during in vitro differentiation of cells. As expected more than 80% of cells were dead by the 7th day of treatment with ganciclovir while negative control cells were not affected at all. The data suqqest that the constructed vectors are suitable for obtaining novel obese transqenic models based on a conditional genetic tissue ablation method.