• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.21.1-21.11
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• 2016

Background: The evaluation of suitable reference genes as normalization controls is a prerequisite requirement for launching quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR)-based expression study. In order to select the stable reference genes in abalone Haliotis discus hannai tissues (gill and hepatopancreas) under heavy metal exposure conditions (Cu, Zn, and Cd), 12 potential candidate housekeeping genes were subjected to expression stability based on the comprehensive ranking while integrating four different statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ${\Delta}CT$ method). Results: Expression stability in the gill subset was determined as RPL7 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL3 > PPIB > RPL7A > EF1A > RPL4 > GAPDH > RPL5 > UBE2 > B-TU. On the other hand, the ranking in the subset for hepatopancreas was RPL7 > RPL3 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL4 > EF1A > RPL5 > RPL7A > B-TU > UBE2 > PPIB > GAPDH. The pairwise variation assessed by the geNorm program indicates that two reference genes could be sufficient for accurate normalization in both gill and hepatopancreas subsets. Overall, both gill and hepatopancreas subsets recommended ribosomal protein genes (particularly RPL7) as stable references, whereas traditional housekeepers such as ${\beta}-tubulin$ (B-TU) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were ranked as unstable genes. The validation of reference gene selection was confirmed with the quantitative assay of MT transcripts. Conclusions: The present analysis showed the importance of validating reference genes with multiple algorithmic approaches to select genes that are truly stable. Our results indicate that expression stability of a given reference gene could not always have consensus across tissue types. The data from this study could be a good guide for the future design of RT-qPCR studies with respect to metal regulation/detoxification and other related physiologies in this abalone species.

• 한국환경교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경교육학회 2003년도 전반기 정기 학술발표대회 발표논문집
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• pp.50-56
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• 2003

＃1 The Education from our Environment, The urgent subject for survival and prosperity in the future. - Around Yamaguchi in japan. - ＃2 Days of tour : January, 15, 2003 - January, 28, 2003 ＊ Comprehensive classes involved in ecosystems; Ryojo Elementary school, Guina Elementary school, Dabusei Junior High School, Ube Technical High School, Yashiro Elementary School, Toyota Nishi Junior High School, Seii Elementary School, Yamaguchi Prefectural School for the Mentally Impaired, Yamaguchi Institute for Educational Research and In-service Training, Kirara Beach Nature Watching Park ＃3 Characteristics of Yamaguchi Prefectural Environmental Education - Constant effort by concerned authorities and dedicated teachers - Cooperation of schools with community - Application of the comprehensive classes - Student-centered education through experiences - Acquirement of basic knowledge on environment in their daily lives - The harmony with the ability to survive' ＃4 Characteristics of the environmental education in each school $\square$ Ryojo Elementary School \longrightarrow Breeding the fireflies' larvae and releasing them into nature $\square$ Kuina Elementary School \longrightarrow Keeping the rivers clean $\square$ Yashiro Elementary School \longrightarrow Learning through exploring ‘Akiyoshido Cave’ $\square$ Seii Elementary School \longrightarrow Tree-planting campaign continued for 30 years $\square$ Tabuse Junior High School \longrightarrow Making their village good to live in $\square$ Toyota-Nishi Junior High School \longrightarrow Learning through working on the farm and in the forests $\square$ Ube Technical High School \longrightarrow Purifying the pond by the ‘biotope’ ＃5 Focus on Yashiro Elementary School \longrightarrow Children Guide Activity (25 hours annually) * To love their native place and tourists' attraction, Akiyoshidal * To introduce a variety of local events; - To make a fire in the mountains - To explore the cave - To hold a festival for tourists - To have a family-jointed bike riding ＃6 $\square$ conclusion - Gradual extension of environmental education * individuals \longrightarrow school \longrightarrow community - Finding the environmental problems around themselves and relating them with features of their community < Tips for the environmental education in the future > - Need for encouragement of more lively discussion in class - Expansive application of comprehensive classes to various areas

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1997년도 Proceedings of the 13th KACG Technical Meeting `97 Industrial Crystallization Symposium(ICS)-Doosan Resort, Chunchon, October 30-31, 1997
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• pp.187-187
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• 1997

Silicon nitride is the most excellent materials among structural ceramics. It has been reported that fracture toughness was improved with adding second phase particles, whisker, fiber etc. However, containing of second phase particles enhanced fracture toughness, however flexural strength was degraded. As adding nanosize SiC particles into silicon nitride, the physical properties of fluxural strength, fracture toughness, the modulus of elasticity. In this study, 2wt% $Al_2$O$_3$ and 4 wt% $Y_2$O$_3$ were added into UBE E-10 and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 vol% nano-SiC powder (Sumitomo T1 powder) were added, respectively. It is hot pressed at 185$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. Most of structural ceramics for engineering application are wear resistance. In this study, wear behaviors (in water) of silicon nitride with varying the amount of nano-size silicon carbide were investigated, and was compared to physical properties. Simultaneously wear mechanism will be found out.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1473-1476
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• 2008

Doping the nanoparticles of Pd, p-$BaTiO_3$, $SiO_2$ and MgO into LCs alters their physical properties such as $K_{ii}$, $\Delta\varepsilon$, ${\Delta}n$, $\gamma_1$ and $T_{NI}$. Except for $K_{33}$, all these parameters decreases and thus bring the reduction of operating voltage and/or response times.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2007

A novel multi-layer type micro gas sensor for $NO_X$ detection was designed and fabricated. Micro platform defined as type II-1 in this article for micro gas sensor was fabricated using the MEMS technology to meet the demanding needs of lower power consumption. Nano composite materials were fabricated with nanosized tin oxide powder and $\underline{m}$ulti-$\underline{w}$all $\underline{c}$arbon $\underline{n}$ano $\underline{t}$ube (MWCNT) to improve sensitivity. We investigated characteristics of fabricated multi-layer type micro gas sensor with $NO_2$ concentration variations at constant 2.2 V. Sensitivity (S) of micro gas sensor were observed to increase from 2.9, to 7.4 and 11.2 as concentrations of $NO_2$ gases increased from 2.4 ppm, to 3.6 ppm and 4.9 ppm. When 2.4 ppm of $NO_2$ gas was applied, response time and recovery time of micro gas sensor were recorded as 101 seconds and 142 seconds, respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2017

Background: There have been many studies on the growth conditions of Zostera marina and Zostera japonica, but few studies have examined how spatial and temporal factors affect growth in established seagrass beds or the distribution range and shoot density. This study aims to clarify the factors that determine the temporal and spatial distribution of Zostera marina and Zostera japonica in the Seto Inland Sea east of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Methods: The study site is in Hiroshima Bay of the Seto Inland Sea, along the east coast of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. We monitored by diving observation to confirm shoot density, presence or absence of both species and observed water temperature, salinity by sensor in study sites. Results: The frequency of occurrence of Zostera marina was high in all seasons, even in water depths of D.L. + 1 to -5 m ($80{\pm}34%$ to $89{\pm}19%$; mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation), but lower (as low as $43{\pm}34%$) near the breakwall, where datum level was 1 to 2 m, and it was further reduced in datum level -5 m and deeper. The frequency of occurrence of Zostera japonica was highest in water with a datum level of +1 to 0 m. However, in datum level of 0 m or deeper, it became lower as the water depth became deeper. Datum level +1 m to 0 m was an optimal water depth for both species. The frequency of occurrence and the shoot density of both species showed no negative correlation. In 2011, the daily mean water temperature was $10^{\circ}C$ or less on more days than in other years and the feeding damage by S. fuscescens in the study sites caused damage at the tips. Conclusions: We considered that the relationship between these species at the optimal water depth was not competitive, but due to differences in spatial distribution, Zostera marina and Zostera japonica do not influence each other due to temperature conditions and feeding damage and other environmental conditions. Zostera japonica required light intensity than Zostera marina, and the water depth played an important role in the distribution of both species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.893-899
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• 2009

Few studies have reported the existence of imprinted genes in cattle compared to the human and mouse. Genomic imprinting is expressed in monoallelic form and it depends on a single parent-specific form of the allele. Comparative analysis of mammals other than the human is a valuable tool for explaining the genomic basis of imprinted genes. In this study, we investigated 34 common imprinted genes in the human and mouse as well as 35 known non-imprinted genes in the human. We found short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), and long terminal repeats (LTRs) in imprinted (human and mouse) and control (cattle) genes. Pair-wise comparisons for the three species were conducted using SINEs, LINEs, and LTRs. We also calculated 95% confidence intervals of frequencies of repetitive sequences for the three species. As a result, most genes had a similar interval between species. We found 11 genes with conserved SINEs, LINEs, and LTRs in the human, mouse, and cattle. In conclusion, eleven genes (CALCR, Grb10, HTR2A, KCNK9, Kcnq1, MEST, OSBPL5, PPP1R9A, Sgce, SLC22A18, and UBE3A) were identified as candidate imprinted genes in cattle.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2006

This paper describes the design scheme of the three-dimensional structures based on the concept of the cellular automata simulation. The cellular automata simulation is performed according to the local rule. In this paper, the local rule is derived in the mathematical formulation from the optimization problem. The cell density is taken as the design variable. Two objective functions are defined for reducing the total weight of the structure and obtaining the fully stressed structure. The constraint condition is defined for defining the local rule. The penalty function is defined from the objective functions and the constraint condition. Minimization of the penalty function with respect to the design parameter leads to the local rule. The derived rule is applied to the design of the three-dimensional structure first. The final structure can be obtained successfully. However, the computational cost is expensive. So, in order to reduce the computational cost, the material parameters $c_1$ and $c_2$ and the value of the cell rejection criterion (CRC) are changed. The results show that the computational cost depends on the parameters and the CRC value.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2007

This paper describes simple control structures for a vector controlled stand-alone induction generator (IG) for use under variable speeds. Different control principles, indirect vector control and deadbeat current control, are developed for a voltage source PWM converter and the three-phase variable speed squirrel-cage IG to regulate DC-link and generator voltages with a newly designed phase locked loop circuit. The required reactive power for the variable speed IG is supplied by means of a PWM converter and a capacitor bank to buildup the voltage of the IG without the need for a battery, to reduce the rating of the PWM converter while using only three sensors and to eliminate the harmonics generated by the PWM converter. These proposed schemes can be used efficiently for variable speed wind energy conversion systems. The measurements of the IG systems at various speeds and loads are given and show that these systems are capable of good AC and DC voltage regulation.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2014

Three-phase four-wire distribution systems are used for both three-phase three-wire loads and single-phase two-wire consumer appliances in South Korea, Myanmar and other countries. Unbalanced load conditions frequently occur in these distribution systems. These unbalanced load conditions cause unbalanced voltages for three-phase and single-phase loads, and increase the loss in the distribution transformer. In this paper, we propose constant DC capacitor voltage control based strategy for the active load balancer (ALB) in the three-phase four-wire distribution systems. Constant DC capacitor voltage control is always used in active power line conditioners. The proposed control strategy does not require any computation blocks of the active and reactive currents on the distribution systems. Balanced source-side currents with a unity power factor are obtained without any calculation block of the unbalanced active and reactive components on the load side. The basic principle of the constant DC capacitor voltage control based strategy for the ALB is discussed in detail and then confirmed by both digital computer simulations using PSIM software and prototype experimental model. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy for the ALB can balance the source currents with a unity power factor in the three-phase four-wire distribution systems.