• Archives of design research
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• no.16
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

As the marketing strategy of corporations has been changing in various ways, the type of new product development has also bC'en changing in dim~rent ways. The types of changes include, among oiller things, product development. wit.h a new concept., revolut.ionary product development., new brand product. development., improvement. of existing product. and development. in model changes. The design development has similarly advanced with the growth in scient.ific approach in t11e design process of new product. development. in relat.ion t.o each t.ype of product development.. Ilowever, in view of the design approach or st.rat.egy for each t.ype, different. kinds of method of development is necessary. In order to increase t.he life cycle of an existing product. which has reached its mature stage and to respond t.o the changes 111 time t.hrough product improvement., it is becoming more imtxJrl.ant for Ule corporation to confonn wiU1 the changes in time by being able to sat.isfy the consumer! s needs, way of thinking and luxury inclination by utilizing the changes in design. However, it is very difficult to decide on a design using different development. methods which would clearly meet such neL'

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.825-834
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• 2023

The demands of people who purchase fashion products on Internet shopping are gradually increasing, and attempts are being made to provide user-friendly images with 3D contents and web 3D software instead of pictures and videos of products provided. As a reason for this issue, which has emerged as the most important aspect in the fashion web shopping industry, complaints that the product is different when the product is received and the image at the time of purchase has been heightened. As a way to solve this problem, various image processing technologies have been introduced, but there is a limit to the quality of 2D images. In this study, we proposed an automatic conversion technology that converts 2D images into 3D and grafts them to web 3D technology that allows customers to identify products in various locations and reduces the cost and calculation time required for conversion. We developed a system that shoots a mannequin by placing it on a rotating turntable using only 8 cameras. In order to extract only the clothing part from the image taken by this system, markers are removed using U-net, and an algorithm that extracts only the clothing area by identifying the color feature information of the background area and mannequin area is proposed. Using this algorithm, the time taken to extract only the clothes area after taking an image is 2.25 seconds per image, and it takes a total of 144 seconds (2 minutes and 4 seconds) when taking 64 images of one piece of clothing. It can extract 3D objects with very good performance compared to the system.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 1999

The World Association for Sexology (WAS) will adopt a Declaration of Sexual Rights as basic and fundamental human rights August this year in Hong Kong. Two years ago WAS has been developing a Declaration of Sexual Rights in order to further promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone. Undoubtedly sexuality is one of the most intriguing subjects in the area of human behavior and psychology, and has been so since antiquity. The influence of sexual factors of human on all aspects of the society has been immense. The varieties of marriage, from traditional to the open marriage model are presented in front of our sight. The influences of women's movement in Korea, which has produced sexual, psychological, economic, political, familial and social changes look so small and the changes are not that much in America. But the profound effects of the women's movement affect on Korean society being realized as man's view of woman and woman's view of herself undergo constant change and reevaluation. With increased sexual awareness on the part of the public owing to mass media, for example AH-U-SEONG aired in TV and with increased emphasis on sexual matters in daily life, more and more physicians are being asked to deal with and manage sex-related problems in their daily practice. Yet, despite the obvious need for informed sexual counseling, doctors are often uncomfortable about sexual matters and many physicians have no special expertise in this area. So physicians concerned in sexology especially such as gynecologists, urologists, psychiatrists and endocrinologists must realize well about sex-related knowledge which is needed for counseling the patient as medical consumer and gap between reality and ideality in sexual diagnosis and treatment. Establishment of management system for the people who have sexual problems is strongly needed to promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone and for the Sexual Rights as basic and fundamental human rights.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.24
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• pp.97-117
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• 2005

Internally Korean insurance market is that whole life products' growth are becoming slowdown that's why new insurance products have appeared on the market in consideration of consumer's needs recently. Externally domestic insurance market competitions has drifted from insurance industry to whole financial industry since bankasurance started. Life insurance companies should open up a new market to survive from severe competitions. Worksite marketing can be an alternative. An insurer make arrangements with an employer about an insurance terms which an insurer offers in Worksite marketing. Then eligible individuals enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage through payroll deductions. An employer doesn't need to pay extra money for additional benefit but can raise employee's loyalty and satisfaction of company through worksite marketing. An employee can be covered at discounted premium rate and less strict underwriting guidelines to an insurer compared to individual insurance. In developed countries specially U.S insurance market, Worksite marketing is getting very popular and growing rapidly due to the advantages. Worksite marketing has both individual insurance characters and group insurance characters. Individual insurance characters are that employees enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage. Group insurance characters are that actively at work and participation etc. An insurer have to reflect these two characters on Worksite marketing when an insurance company work out a plan for developing products and underwriting guidelines. When an insurer devise worksite products, one should consider participation level which means percentage of eligible employees participating. Participation is related to anti-selection. As we know underwriting is essential for every kind of insurance, especially underwriting plays major role in worksite marketing. We can see that in the below. Firstly, it has a function in calculation of premium rate. When calculate premium rate for worksite products underwriters have to estimate expected participation level and risk factors. So underwriters and acturies keep in close contact with each other. Secondly, underwriting methods are important. When an insurer underwrite worksite products, there are three kinds of underwriting methods. These are Simplified issue underwriting, Full underwriting and Guaranteed issue underwriting. Simplified issue underwriting typically requires no medical examination, but usually requires supplying satisfactory answers to one or several health and/or lifestyle questions. Full underwriting requires a complete medical history questionnaire that may further require an exam. Guaranteed issue underwriting means that coverage is issued without the employee having to provide evidence of insurability. When insurer set the GI limit are usually based on the type of industry, number of eligible employees, the average amount of coverage and participation level. In addition to insurer should have a clear definition of eligible employee on the insurance provision and application form. It will minimize possibility of trouble claims and anti-selection. An insurer also establish preexisting condition exclusion and special guidelines for late entrants. When an insurer introduce Worksite marketing to Korean insurance market, an insurer has to examine market research to analyze potential market and strategy of sales most of all. Also an insurer should review real situation of the U.S, England and Japanese market etc. There are a lot of new technologies about worksite marketing process that an insurer should learn. When an insurer consider many things which we explained it can be a real alternative.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this research is to investigate whether national culture influences consumers' service evaluations. The services industry is receiving increasing attention from academia and practitioners as its position grows in global markets. Standardization or localization is a traditional managerial decision in global business. As the boundaries of services expand across national borders, firms are required to decide whether to standardize services or adjust to local needs. Though it is imperative to reflect global perspectives in marketing theories, these perspectives are mostly based on Western conceptualization of the world. Through a comparison of consumer groups from two culturally remote countries, service quality evaluation mechanisms are examined based on similar stimuli. The study tries to expand service marketing perspectives across national borders. Research design, data, and methodology - Eastern and Western countries are known to be culturally distinct. One Eastern and one Western country were chosen: an Anglo-Saxon country (the U.S., England, and Australia) and South Korea. In Hofstede's cultural dimensions, the differences between the two are pronounced. The Anglo-Saxon based countries share many similarities. Samples of the same sites are targeted. Questionnaires using a service quality scale (SERVQUAL) and a customer satisfaction scale were distributed. Utilizing Hofstede's typology of culture, the service evaluation mechanisms of the respondents from the two groups are evaluated. Three hypotheses are proposed from the review of the literature. These are service evaluation habits, importance of service quality dimensions for the individualistic/collectivistic countries, and strong/weak uncertainty avoidance cultures. Consumers from the individualistic countries are considered to care about themselves and demand a higher level of responsiveness and assurance. On the other hand, consumers from high uncertainty avoidance cultures are assumed to rely more on tangible questions of service quality, as these are the only predictable service quality indicators. A t-test and regression analysis are applied to validate the constructs. Results - The respondents from the Anglo-Saxon countries are more generous on service evaluations than Koreans. Researchers have indicated that Americans tend to give higher service evolution scores than European, Mexican, and Korean counterparts. The tendency is the same here. The sample from Anglo-Saxon countries demonstrated higher service evaluation scores on every dimension of SERVQUAL. For the second hypothesis, the respondents from the collectivistic culture rely less on core service dimensions (assurance and responsiveness) due to their tendency to place more value on group harmony than individual interest. However, the third hypothesis was not validated. Conclusions - The study attempted to expand the scope of service marketing to reflect cross-national perspectives. Service quality is known to have a strong influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty behavior. However, this research demonstrated that individuals from different cultural territories respond heterogeneously to the same stimuli. Scholars argue that national cultures are main factors in such deviated behavior. Scholars and global managers should be aware of differences in consumer value judgment mechanisms such as satisfaction, expectations, and perceptions.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.169-195
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• 2020

With the increase in air transportation, air delays are inevitable, and the damage of air consumers is also increasing. In Korea, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport announced 「the Criteria for Protection of Users of Air Transportation」, but the Criteria does not include aviation delays except Tarmac delay, but this criteria is a only public notice, not an Act. Lately, a clause about Tarmac delay was newly established as Article 61bis of the Aviation Business Act, and was enacted from May 27, 2020. The Air carriers' Tarmac delay are subject to mandatory regulations. This research showed how lawsuits were implemented for the protection of aviation consumers related to aviation delays prior to the imposition of this article. In addition, the study examined at the public law level, whether the protection rights of aviation consumers is the fundamental right under the Constitution and whether the government should be the main subjects of consumer protection. And then we studied the effect of enforcement about the Tarmac Delay Rule of the United States. This rule acts as a federal regulation. Subsequently, the Biscone case presented that it was not easy for the US court to accept a lawsuit against the passengers for tarmac delay. There are limitations in remedying the damages of airline consumers due to delays either in Korea trial or the U.S. trial. Finally it needs strengthening the penalty to secure the effectiveness of the Tarmac delay clause regulations. In order to protect airline consumers, it was proposed that the protection of aviation consumer law should be established through the revision as the Enforcement Rules of the Airline Business Act.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.236-251
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• 2019

The animation industry is an emerging and promising industry of the 21st century, characterized by a wide range of consumer segments, high market demand, and a long life cycle of products. The paper is aimed at examining the current situation of the animation industry of Korea, the U.S., China and Japan, analyzing the success factors and presenting measures for activation of problems in China's animation industry, and contributing to the promotion of China's animation policies in the future. To realize this goal, the study methods were adopted literature review by using Internet data, statistical data, reports, papers and academic journals which are related to the Chinese animation industry and presented methods for activation. The aviations as follows, firstly, it is suggested actively train creative men of animation for profession. Secondly, it is advised to encourage the creativity and originality of Chinese animation works through various ways. Thirdly, it is suggested to develop an industry chain of animation which is suitable for the market circumstances. Fourthly, it needs to expand its viewer and strengthen its reality in the form and content of animation works.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-63
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• 2007

Using the CGE model, this paper investigates economic impacts of a shortage in crude oil resulting from voluntary export restraints, OPEC's agreement of a cut in oil production, and/or a storing on speculation. Unlike most previous studies considering oil price as the unpredictable variable, this study constructs the model to determine the oil price endogenously under the condition of an insufficient supply of crude oil. According to IEA's extraordinary steps for a shortage of crude oil, we investigate an economic impact of 7~12% shortage below the level of business as usual. The results show that oil price soars by 17.3~33.5%, the rate of economic growth falls by 0.52~0.96%p, and the consumer price index(CPI) rises by 0.8~1.51%p. These results imply that increasing in 1%p of oil price results in decreasing in 0.03%p of economic growth and increasing in 0.045%p of consumer price index. The production of electricity declines because of the increase in production cost. A shortage of crude oil has an effect on sources of electricity. Most reduction in electricity generation occurs from the reduction in the thermal power generation which is highly dependent on crude oil. The shortage of crude oil causes demand for petroleum to significantly decline but demand for coal and heat to increase because of the substitution effect with petroleum. Demand for gas rise in the first year but falls from the second year.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.3-26
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• 1992

The pupose of this paper is to construct a price determination model of the Korean economy and to find out the propogation mechanism of monetary and fiscal policies. The model is a small-size macroeconometric model consisted of ten core equations : consumption, investment, exports, imports, consumer price index, wage rate, corporate bond rate, potential GNP, capital stock, and GNP identity. The model is a Keynesian model : consumer price index is determined by markup over costs, and wage rate is expressed by Phillipse curve ralation. Two features of the model, however, distinguish this model from other macroeconometric models of the Korean economy. First of all, the estimation of potential GNP and the capital stock is endogenized as suggested by Haque, Lahiri, and Montiel (1990). This allows us to calculate the level of excess demand, which is defined as the difference between the actual GNP and the potential GNP. Second, interest rate, inflation and wages are all estimated as endogenous variables. Moreover, all quantity variables include price variables as important determinants. For instance, interest rate is an important determinant of consumption and investment. Exports and imports are determined by the real effective exchange rate. These two features make the interactions between excess demand and prices the driving forces of this model. In the model, any shock which affects quantity variable(s) affects excess demand, which in turn affects prices. This strong interaction between prices and quantities makes the model look like a classical model over the long run. That is, increases in money supply, government expenditures, and exchange rate (the price of the U.S. dollar in terms of Korean won) all have expansionery effects on the real GNP in the short run, but prices, wage, and interest rate all increase as a result. Over the long run, higher prices have dampenning effects on output. Therefore the level of real GNP turns out to be not much different from the baseline level ; on the other hand, the rates of inflation, wage and interest rate remain at higher levels.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.145-167
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• 1999

The aim the this paper is to explore the processes of three Korean consumer electronics chaebols'entries into, and exits from tile EU in the context of European integration and enlargement and at the global, regional(EU), national and local level. Korean FDI in the EU has increased sharply since the late 1980s, while interacting with the processes of European integration and enlargement. In particular, the chaebols'FDI was caused by reactions against the intensification of Euro-trade regulations. As a result, these defensive entries have led such chaebols to create a strategy of ‘defensive Europeanisation’through the formation of forward and backward linkages between chaebols’affiliates and Korean suppliers within the EU. Nonetheless, defensive FDI has given rise to exits through active relocation within and outside the EU, since the ‘late 1980s’due in the main to (1) sensitive reactions against changing EU trade regulations and (2) failures to maintain cost-competitiveness in particular host regions. Along with these trends, chaebols’entries and exits are placed in contingent and paradoxical structures of the global -regional - national-local nexus, which has resulted from the mismatch of different EU policies such as trade, inward investment and regional policies.