• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this stuty is to investigate the effect of acupuncture at $Yanggn\bar{u}ngch'\check{o}n$ (G34) on the muscle fatigue. Methods : Subjects were asked to perform the elbow flexion and extension to induce the muscle fatigue. Sample group of 16 healthy subjects had acupuncture on $Yanggn\bar{u}ngch'\check{o}n$ (G34) during the resting time, while control group of 13 healthy subjects did not. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was measured after exercise and rest to record muscle fatigue. Results : Acupuncture at $Yanggn\bar{u}ngch'\check{o}n$ (G34) is effective for decreasing the muscle fatigue.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2010

This study was performed by the policy research project of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, which title is "Developing safety standards and management of space radiation on the polar route". In this research, total six experiments were performed using Korean commercial flights (B747). Three of those are on the polar route and the other three are on the north pacific route. Space radiation exposure measured on the polar route is the average 84.7 uSv. The simulation result using CARI-6M program gives 84.9 uSv, which is very similar to measured value. For the departure flight using the north pacific route, the measured space radiation is the average 74.4 uSv. It seems that is not so different to use the polar route or not for the return flight because the higher latitude effect causing the increase of space radiation is compensated by the shortened flight time effect causing decreasing space radiation exposure.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2010

This study sought to compare the amounts of posterior anchorage loss during the en masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth between orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) and conventional anchorage reinforcement (CAR) such as headgear and/or transpalatal arch. The subjects were 52 adult female patients treated with sliding mechanics (MBT brackets, .022" slot, .019X.025" stainless steel wire, 3M-Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). They were allocated into Group 1 (N=24, Class I malocclusion (CI), upper and lower first premolar (UP1LP1) extraction, and CAR), Group 2 (N=15, Cl, UP1LP1 extraction and OMI), and Group 3 (N=13, Class II division 1 malocclusion, upper first and lower second premolar extraction, and OMI). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T0) and after treatment (T1). A total of 11 anchorage variables were measured. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. There was no significant difference in treatment duration and anchorage variables at T0 among the three groups. Groups 2 and 3 showed significantly larger retraction of the upper incisor edge (U1E-sag, 9.3mm:7.3mm, P<.05) and less posterior anchorage loss (U6M-sag, 0.7~0.9mm:2mm, P<.05; U6A-sag, 0.5mm:2mm, P<.01) than Group 1. The ratio of retraction amount of the upper incisor edge per 1 of anchorage loss in the upper molar made for the significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (4.6mm:7.0mm, P<.05). Group 3 showed a relatively distal inclination of the upper molar (P<.05) and the intrusion of the upper incisor and first molar (U1E-ver, P<.05; U6F-ver, P<.05) compared to Groups 1 and 2. Although OMI could not shorten the treatment duration, it could provide better maximum posterior anchorage than CAR.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.317-326
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on muscle strength, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), health perception, and depression among post-stroke elders. Methods: Nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest was used. A total of 23 post-stroke elders who met inclusion criteria were recruited. Muscle strength in upper and lower extremities, ADL, health perception, and self-rated symptoms of depression were measured. The exercise program consisted of deep breathing, range of motion, and muscle strengthening exercises using Thera-band, 30~40 min/day, three days a week, for 12 weeks. Results: Muscle strength of right shoulder (U=11.50, p=.001), right leg (U=13.50, p=.002), and health perception (U=24.00, p=.010) in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group at 12 weeks of post-intervention. Depression scores were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group at 6 weeks (U=28.00, p=.021), at 12 weeks (U=22.00, p=.006) of an exercise program. Conclusion: By applying this program, post-stroke elders showed increases in muscle strength and a decrease in depression as well as improvement of health perception. Further study is needed to verify the effects of the exercise program on cardiovascular physiologic variables through long-term follow-up.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제13권1_2호
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 1997

LBD-001, a recombinant human interferon $\gamma$ produced by genetically engineered yeast as a host system, was intravenously administered to pregnant female rats (Sprague-Dawley) from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation at dose levels.of $0.35 \times 10^6$, $0.69 \times 10^6$, and $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day. In vasopressin-treated group, vasopressin (5 I.U./kg/day) was intravenously injected only for 5 days of perinatal period. (1) No signicant changes by the treatment of LBD-001 were observed in the body weights, food and water consumption, feeding and nurshing behaviors, and the weights of main organs of mother rats. In vasopressin-treated group, no significant changes were observed except the decrease in the food consumption on day 18 of gestation and one case of abnormal offspring with bleeding spots on the skin. (2) No significant changes in the body weights, survival rates, locomotor activity, emotional development. and the motor coordination of offsprings (F1) by the treatment of LBD-001 were observed except the fact that increase of ambulation in the female offsprings of LBD-001 ($0.69 \times 10^6$ or $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated groups and the increase of rearing in the males of LBD-($1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated group, and the increase of the weight of liver and ovaries in the female offsprings in the LBD-001 ($1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated group were observed. Altogether, the results show that LBD-001 at the dose of $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day or less does not significantly affect the mother rats and their offsprings (F1) except the minor influences when treated during the perinatal and postnatal period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 1991

Beta hydroxytrimethylammonium butyrate[L-carnitine] is highly concentrated in myocardium and it is essential substance for transfer of fatty acids into the mitochondria. We respect that L-carnitine has protective action to myocardium during ischemia. I studied coronary flow and CK - MB isoenzyme of coronary effluent of Langendorff`s isolated rat heart model. As a control group 5 Sprague-Dowley species rat hearts were connected to Langendorff`s isolated rat heart model and perfused for 30 minutes with Kreb-Henseleit buffer solution. After cessation of perfusion for 30 minutes they were reperfused for 30 minutes. In experimental group 10 Sprague-Dowley species rat hearts were perfused with 10mmole /L of L-carnitine contained in Kleb-Henseleit buffer solution. In equilibrium state, coronary flow was 1.7 times greater in experimental group. During reperfusion, both group showed equally decreased flow amount of about 60% of that of equilibrium state. CK-MB isoenzyme level of perfused coronary fluid showed no significant difference in equilibrium state. In reperfusion. CK-MB isoenzyme levels of control group were 17.61$\pm$8. 68U/L at 25 minutes, 23.32$\pm$4.15U /L at 30 minutes; and in experimental group, 13.63$\pm$6. 08U/L at 15 minutes and 13.6$\pm$8.41U /L at 30 minutes respectively. Those values in both states showed significantly lower CK-MB level in experimental group. In conclusion, L-carnitine prevent ischemic myocardial damage during ischemic and reperfusion state of Langendorff`s isolated rat hearts and also I suggest the L-carnitine act potent coronary vasodilator during preischemic and postischemic states of rat hearts.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.78-82
• /
• 1992

담자성 효모인 Trimorphomyces papilionaceous 는 생장에 thiamine 을 요구하는 최적배양온도는 25.deg.C 이며 넓은 범위의 pH (4.0-7.0) 에서 잘 자랐고 최소배지네 여러가지 탄소원을 가하고 (1%) 배양하여 균의 생장과 laccase 의 역가를 조사하였다. Glucose, frutose, mannose, sucrose 와 xylose 배지에서 OD 0.8 이상으로 자랐고 (A group), galactose 와 gluconate 의 경우 OD 0.3-0.6 (B group), 그리고 arbinose, lactose 와 pyruvate 배지에서 CD0.1-0.2 를 보였다. (C-group), Ribose, acetate, citrate, lactate 와 oxaloctate 는 이용하지 못하였다. Laccase 는 C group 배지에서 가장 높은 역가를 보였고 (8 u 이상), B group 배지에서 4-6 unit, A group 배지의 경우 가장 낮은 1.5 unit 이하를 보였다. 이균을 glucose 와 arabinose 가 혼합된 배지에 배양할 경우 laccase 는 catabolite repression 에 의하여 조절되었다.

• 식품기술
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.29-30
• /
• 2009

• 식품기술
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.298-318
• /
• 2010

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제61권1호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urinary biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and ${\beta}-2$ microglobulin (uB2MG), in early detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants aged <3 months with fever. Methods: A total of 422 infants aged <3 months (male:female=267:155; mean age, 56.4 days), who were admitted for fever, were retrospectively included in this study. We compared uNGAL and uB2MG between the UTI and non-UTI groups at the time of admission. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of uNGAL and uB2MG for use in diagnosing UTI were assessed. Results: Among 422 patients, 102 (24.2%) were diagnosed with UTI. Levels of uNGAL were higher in the UTI group than in the non-UTI group (366.6 ng/mL vs. 26.9 ng/mL, P<0.001). Levels of uB2MG were not different between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that uNGAL was an independent predictive factor for UTI (P=0.033). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 90.2%, 92.5%, and 91.9% for uNGAL, and 48.0%, 43.8%, and 44.8% for uB2MG, respectively. AUC of uNGAL was 0.942 and that of uB2MG was 0.407. Conclusion: Accuracy of uNGAL in the diagnosis of UTI is high in febrile infants aged <3 months. uNGAL can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of UTI in infants.