• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1989

In this paper, dynamic response of a truss bridge due to constantly moving train loads is analysed. Dynamic response of the bridge is found by the mode superposition method with the solution of the eigenvalue problem by Householder transformation and QL algorithm. To prove the validity of the analysis procedure, the response due to a very slowly moving load is compared with the result from the static analysis program, and the dynamic response is also compared with the result from the direct integration method. Based upon this, the variation of dynamic amplification factors is investigated by changing the train types and speeds, and the result is compared with the code specified impact factor. From this study, it was known that the dynamic amplification factor is not quite different by train types in low speeds but in high speeds it is, and in the case of electric car and U. I. C. loads the factor could exceed the code specified impact factor depending upon the speed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the early use of Da-bo tap and their transformation by analyzing the various meanings of the term pagoda in Chinese translations, the Sanskrit version of the Lotus Sutra, as well as Dabotap in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang. In addition, we aim to highlight changes in Dabotap usage, which started out as residential spaces, but transformed into burial spaces over time. The details can be summarized as follows. First, early Buddhist monuments were usually either pagodas serving as burial places for the dead or shrines that were not. A Dabotap is a type of pagoda enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna, and was initially used as a residential space, rather than a burial place for the dead. Second, the terms stupa and caitya are clearly distinguished from each other in the Sanskrit scriptures, and stupa is also further classified into dhatu, sarisa, and atmabhava based on the object being enshrined. In Gyeon-bo-tab-pum, the preconditions for caitya to transform into stupa is presented by explaining that worshipping the space enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna is worthy of the same status as the space enshrining sarira. Third, the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang had been depicted from the Western Wei of the Northern Dynasties until the time of the Yuan Dynasty. It was used as a residential space until the early Sui Dynasty, but was used as both residence and burial places until the Tang Dynasty when pagodas were first being constructed with wheel or circles forms on top, which then gradually changed into stupa (grave towers).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.530-537
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• 2006

Recently isolated, Pseudomonas putida SN1 grows on styrene as its sole carbon and energy source through successive oxidation of styrene by styrene monooxygenase (SMO), styrene oxide isomerase (SOI), and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. For the production of (S)-styrene oxide, two knockout mutants of SN1 were constructed, one lacking SOI and another lacking both SMO and SOI. These mutants were developed into whole-cell biocatalysts by transformation with a multicopy plasmid vector containing SMO genes (styAB) of the SN1. Neither of these self-cloned recombinants could grow on styrene, but both converted styrene into an enantiopure (S)-styrene oxide (e.e. > 99%). Whole-cell SMO activity was higher in the recombinant constructed from the SOI-deleted mutant (130 U/g cdw) than in the other one (35 U/g cdw). However, the SMO activity of the former was about the same as that of the SOI-deleted SN1 possessing a single copy of the styAB gene that was used as host. This indicates that the copy number of styAB genes is not rate-limiting on SMO catalysis by whole-cell SN1.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2019

Most multimedia signals contain image data, so the problem of efficient processing and transmitting the image data is an important task of the information society. This paper proposes a compression algorithm that reduces the color bits according to importance using YUV color space among the various methods of compressing image data. 4: 2: 2 subsampling is the standard in the field of video. Using the color information and the characteristics of the human retina, YUV color data was reduced by 4: 2: 2 subsampling. The YUV images and RGB images can be interconverted using the transformation matrix. The image data was converted into color space by YUV, and the relatively low U and V bits were subjected to a downscaling operation. The data was then compressed through 4: 2: 2 subsampling. The performance of the proposed algorithm was compared and analyzed by a comparison with existing methods. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to compress the image without reducing the information of the low importance color element and without significant deterioration in the quality compared to the original.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

The most important thing in digital transformation is SW technology. However, many companies are having difficulty securing SW technology and manpower. In particular, it is reported that the shortage of SW manpower will increase further. The government is carrying out manpower training policies and many support projects to resolve SW manpower supply and demand policies, but accurate predictions of demand and supply of the software industry are essential for these policies to be effectively established. Therefore, this study developed a simulation using a system dynamics methodology that can perform dynamic structural analysis to resolve the supply and demand imbalance in the software industry. System dynamics is appropriate to find the cause and policy alternatives from a dynamic perspective on the imbalance in manpower supply and demand in the software industry. In detail, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) methodology was used to develop a prediction model for manpower demand and supply in the software industry, and scenario analysis was performed to derive policy implications.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.462-467
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• 2008

TPA is known to cooperate with an activated Ras oncogene in the transformation of rodent fibroblasts, but the biochemical mechanisms responsible for this effect have not been established. In the present study we used c-fos promoter-luciferase constructs as reporters, in transient transfection assays, in NIH3T3 cells to assess the mechanism of this cooperation. We found a marked synergistic interaction between TPA and a transfected v-Ha-ras oncogene in the activation of c-fos promoter and SRE. SRE has binding sites for TCF and SRF. A dominant-negative Ras (ras-N17) inhibited the TPA-Ras synergy by blocking the PKC-MAPK-TCF pathway. Dominant-negative RhoA and Rac1 (but not Cdc42Hs) inhibited the TPA-Ras synergy by blocking the Ras-Rho-SRF signaling pathway. Constitutively active $PKC{\alpha}$ and $PKC{\varepsilon}$ showed synergy with v-Ras. These results suggest that the activation of two distinct pathways such as Ras-Raf-ERK-TCF pathway and Rho-SRF pathway are responsible for the induction of c-fos by TPA and Ras in mitogenic signaling pathways.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• 제60권
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• pp.257-279
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• 2013

Nine FTA like Korea-Chile FTA, Korea-Singapore FTA, Korea-EFTA FTA, Korea-ASEAN FTA, Korea-India CEPA, Korea-EU FTA, Korea-U.S.A. FTA, Korea-Peru FTA and Korea-Turkey have been concluded and implemented in 46 countries as of May, 2013. In addition to these nine FTA, Korea has been negotiating FTA or CEPA(Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) with China and Vietnam and Indonesia. Now Korean government is about to conclude FTA agreement with Indonesia which is one of crucial trading partners in Asian countries so the objective of this paper is to suggest how to design ROO schemes properly in such upcoming FTA agreement since more activation of trade and more utilization of FTA can be depend on the details of ROO schemes. As a result, this paper suggests well-design of ROO schemes as follows ; First, self-issuance origin proof system can be considered because authority-issuance origin proof system may reduce the utilization ratio of FTA. Second, combination of indirect and direct verification system in terms of origin verification system will be more preferable because this will be more fitting to Asian countries as considering trading environments and characteristics of Asian market. Third, criteria to determine origin can be based on wholly obtained plus substantial transformation system which contains CTC plus VC along with some percentage of de minimis. In addition to this, the number of products stipulated in PSR should be minimized and applied similar manner to avoid complexity of deciding origin.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1566-1574
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• 2010

This paper presents an in-depth review for current status for demand-side management (DSM) investment of energy supplier and an useful prospect on the introduction of Energy Efficiency Resource Standards (EERS). According to the Article 9 of Rational Energy Utilization Act, Energy suppliers-Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) and Korea District Heat Corporation (KDHC) prescribed by Presidential Decree-must establish and implement annual demand-side management investment plan to improve energy efficiency in production, transformation, transportation, storage and usage of corresponding energy and to reduce demand and green house gas emissions. In this paper, we examine the DSM programs of energy suppliers and the results of DSM investment in 2009, then we propose a reasonable solution for the development of DSM investment. Furthermore, in order to compare our situation, the case studies were conducted on EERS issues in England, Italy, France and U.S, such as establishing the energy saving target, selecting the target energy supplier, and penalty and incentive mechanisms. Throughout the case studies, this paper suggests the directions to the DSM investment planning of energy suppliers and the major issues to prepare EERS in Korea.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1949-1957
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• 2000

All the loads in the real world act dynamically on structures. Since dynamic loads are extremely difficult to handle in analysis and design, static loads are utilized with dynamic factors. The dyna mic factors are generally determined based on experiences. Therefore, the static loads can cause problems in precise analysis and design. An analytical method based on modal analysis has been proposed for the transformation of dynamic loads into equivalent static load sets. Equivalent static load sets are calculated to generate an identical displacement field in a structure with that from dynamic loads at a certain time. The process is derived and evaluated mathematically. The method is verified through numerical tests. Various characteristics are identified to match the dynamic and the static behaviors. For example, the opposite direction of a dynamic load should be considered due to the vibration response. A dynamic bad is transformed to multiple equivalent static loads according to the number of the critical times. The places of the equivalent static load can be different from those of the dynamic load. An optimization method is defined to use the equivalent static loads. The developed optimization process has the same effect as the dynamic optimization which uses the dynamic loads directly. Standard examples are solved and the results are discussed

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.97-115
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• 2008

This paper is to review how Korean trading companies perform and promote the digital transformation through the e-networking with global market, and how much they extend the volume of export, and make the company grow inward or outward in order to enhance the effects of economic growth in Korea. It is suggested that global agreement on e-Trade(or u-Trade) should be made in order to expand the global e-networking practices and to ensure transferring of transport documents(or business documents). Moreover, it also suggested that networking on the global trading partners such as government authorities, diplomatic offices abroad, overseas Koreans, students studying abroad, Korean merchants abroad, etc. should be made in single window for improving and upgrading the image of Korean trading companies. By making of global e-network platform between overseas business partners, trading companies are able to expect various synergy effects such as improving the satisfaction of their customers, promoting the global transactions, reducing the operation and transaction cost, helping fording overseas buyers, and extending export volume and sales profit, etc. Customers can also obtain the information about trading goods easily and rapidly, and cut down the transaction stage using information exchange with partners. All of the trading partners in the world can maintain their business partnership as long as they use the global e-network.