• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.437-448
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and its related factors among merchants in traditional markets. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through questionnaires and physical examination on blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol and BMI between February 12 and April 13, 2018. The participants were 175 merchants from two traditional markets in U. Metropolitan city. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: Levels of health-related EQ-5D were significantly different according to demographic characteristics, smoking status, exercise, total cholesterol, BMI, subjective health status, stress, and depression. The EQ-5D related factors were variables that had significant influence on subjective health status (β=.30, p<.001), gender (β=.27, p<.001), BMI (β=-.16, p=.012), depression (β=-.17, p=.010), and working period (β=-.15, p=.021). They explained 27.2% of the total variance of health-related quality of life (F=13.91, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that disease prevention and health management is essential for merchants who work in traditional markets to promote their health-related quality of life. For better merchants outcome, the intervention program should consider factors that are subjective health status, gender, BMI, depression, and working period in order to improve levels of EQ-5D.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the commercial paste opaque products currently available in domestic of foreign as well as domestic, such as Duceram Plus(DU; Ducera Dental GmbH, Germany), VMK 95(VM; Vita Co., Germany), Noritake EX-3(EX; Noritake Co., Japan) and Ceramax(CE; Alphadent Co., Korea). They were characterized in thermal expansion coefficient, particle size distribution, viscosity and solvent using thermomechanical analyzer, particle size analyzer, rheometer and infrared spectrophotometer. Experimental results are as follows; Firstly, thermal expansion coefficients were determined $13.9{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for DU, $14.3{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for VM, $13.3{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for EX, and $14.0{\times}10-6/^{\circ}C$ for CE. Secondly, percent of partice size below $1{\mu}m$ were 12% for DU, VM and CE, and 13% for EX, percent between $1{\mu}m$ and $5{\mu}m$ were 42% for DU, 42% for VM, 38% for EX, and 61 % for CE, percent between $5{\mu}m$ and $10{\mu}m$ were 21 % for DU, 24% for VM, 20% for EX, and 18% for CE, and over $10{\mu}m$ were 25% for DU, 22% for VM, 29% for EX, 9% for CE. Thirdly, the basic composition of the solvent in all of the commercial paste opaques were determined as ethylene glycol from FT-IR investigation. Lastly, measured viscosities were 1798 cp for DU, 536 cp for VM, 1110 cp for EX, and 721 cp for CE.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of rice straw steaming time and mixing ratio between rice straw and wood particle on the properties of mixed particle board from Acacia mangium Willd wood and rice straw. Rice straw and Acacia mangium Willd wood were collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. The particle board was three-layer particle board with the structural ratio of 1:3:1. The thickness, density and board size of the particle board were 18 mm, $0.7g/cm^3$, and $800{\times}800{\times}18$ (mm, including trimming), respectively. A resin mixture between commercial Urea-formaldehyde (U-F) adhesive and methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI) adhesive was used with a dosage of 12% for the core layer and 14% for the surface layer. In this experimental design, the steaming time for rice straw was 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$. The rice straw-wood mixing ratio was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that both mixing ratio and steaming time affect the properties of the particleboard, but the mixing ratio has a stronger impact. A higher mixing ratio and a longer steaming time resulted in a better quality of particleboard. The optimal steaming time for rice straw was 46.12 minutes with the straw-wood mixing ratio of 29.85% with the following characteristics of the particle board: the modulus of rupture (MOR) of 14.64 MPa, internal bond strength (IB) of 0.382 MPa, thickness swelling (TS) of 8.83%, and board density of $0.7-0.7g/cm^3$.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 1994

Drosophila 의 수컷 앞다리 부절에 존재하는 성즐의 유무는 Sophophora subgens와 Drsophila sub-genus의 분류기준이 되며, 전자의 경우는 종 특이적인 성즐을 가지나 후자에는 일반적으로 존재하지 않는다. 수종 Drosophila 의 성즐에 관하여 비교 조사한 결과 Sophophora subgens내의 D. melanoga-ster subgroup의 경우는 모두 제 1부절에만 존재하였다. 그중 D. melanogaster complex의 D. mauti-tiana 가 약 12.75개, D. simulans는 평균 8.35정도였으며, D. yakuba complex는 D. melanogaster complex에 비하여 다소 적었다. D. melanogaster complex의 종간 교배에 의한 분석으로는 성즐유전양시겡 대한 뚜렷한 방향성을 제시할 수 없었다. Sophophora subgemus의 D. melanogaster species group에 속하는 다른 3종의 경우(D. auralia, D. lutecens 및 D. suzuki)는 성즐의 분포 양식에서 D. immigrans 및 D. virilis)에서는 성즐이 존재하지 않았다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.162-171
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• 1992

The hematologic effect by low-concentration and repeated exposure to mixed organic solvent remains obscure. This study was performed to evaluate the hematologic effect by mixed organic solvent exposure, especially on the type of anemia by mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and red blood cell distribution width(RDW). The subject were 64 organic solvent workers(male 4, female 60) and 78 general workers(male 18, female 60) who showed anemic tendency in worker's health examination which carried out by Pusan Paik Hospital from January to December, 1988. The author gained some hematologic findings(hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCHC, platelet count, ESR, RDW) from auto-analysis method by coulter counter S plus IV, and compared the type of anemia by MCV and RDW. In the pilot study for estimating the prevalence of anemia according to the type of b, the prevalence rate was higher in organic solvent workers than in public officials as 10.9% and 4.1% respectively. There were statistical significance in the value of hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, platelet count, ESR, RDW between the two study groups with more severe anemic tendency in organic solvent workers. The type of anemia in organic solvent workers was microcytic and anisocytic with the mean value of $68.28{\pm}8.3fL$ of MCV and $19.1{\pm}4.0%$ of RDW.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2016

Aerodynamic effects, such as drag force and flow-induced vibration (FIV), on civil engineering structures can be minimized by optimally modifying the structure shape. This work investigates the turbulent wake of a square prism with its faces modified into a sinusoidal wave along the spanwise direction using three-dimensional large eddy simulation (LES) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques at Reynolds number $Re_{Dm}$ = 16,500-22,000, based on the nominal width ($D_m$) of the prism and free-stream velocity ($U_{\infty}$). Two arrangements are considered: (i) the top and bottom faces of the prism are shaped into the sinusoidal waves (termed as WSP-A), and (ii) the front and rear faces are modified into the sinusoidal waves (WSP-B). The sinusoidal waves have a wavelength of $6D_m$ and an amplitude of $0.15D_m$. It has been found that the wavy faces lead to more three-dimensional free shear layers in the near wake than the flat faces (smooth square prism). As a result, the roll-up of shear layers is postponed. Furthermore, the near-wake vortical structures exhibit dominant periodic variations along the spanwise direction; the minimum (i.e., saddle) and maximum (i.e., node) cross-sections of the modified prisms have narrow and wide wakes, respectively. The wake recirculation bubble of the modified prism is wider and longer, compared with its smooth counterpart, thus resulting in a significant drag reduction and fluctuating lift suppression (up to 8.7% and 78.2%, respectively, for the case of WSP-A). Multiple dominant frequencies of vortex shedding, which are distinct from that of the smooth prism, are detected in the near wake of the wavy prisms. The present study may shed light on the understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms of FIV control, in terms of passive modification of the bluff-body shape.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2012

Concrete sleepers are essential components of the conventional railway. As support elements, sleepers are always subjective to a variety of time-dependent loads attributable to the train operations, either wheel or rail abnormalities. It has been observed that the sleepers may deteriorate due to these loads, inducing the formation of hairline cracks. There are two areas along the sleepers that are more prone to crack: the central and the rail seat sections. Several non-destructive methods have been developed to identify failures in structures. Health monitoring techniques are based on vibration responses measurements, which help engineers to identify the vibration-based damage or remotely monitor the sleeper health. In the present paper, the dynamic effects of the cracks in the vibration signatures of the railway pre-stressed concrete sleepers are investigated. The experimental modal analysis has been used to evaluate the modal bending changes in the vibration characteristics of the sleepers, differentiating between the central and the rail seat locations of the cracks. Modal parameters changes of the 'healthy' and cracked sleepers have been highlighted in terms of natural frequencies and modal damping. The paper concludes with a discussion of the most suitable failure indicator and it defines the vibration signatures of intact, central cracked and rail seat cracked sleepers.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.719-741
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• 2014

Monitoring surface cracks is important to ensure the health of concrete structures. However, traditional visual inspection to monitor the concrete cracks has disadvantages such as subjective inspection nature, associated time and cost, and possible danger to inspectors. To alter the visual inspection, a complete procedure for automated crack assessment based on adaptive digital image processing has been proposed in this study. Crack objects are extracted from the images using the subtraction with median filter and the local binarization using the Niblack's method. To adaptively. determine the optimal window sizes for the median filter and the Niblack's method without distortion of crack object an optimal filter size index (OFSI) is proposed. From the extracted crack objects using the optimal size of window, the crack objects are decomposed to the crack skeletons and edges, and the crack width is calculated using 4-connected normal line according to the orientation of the local skeleton line. For an image, a crack width nephogram is obtained to have an intuitive view of the crack distribution. The proposed procedure is verified from a test on a concrete reaction wall with various types of cracks. From the crack images with different crack widths and patterns, the widths of cracks in the order of submillimeters are calculated with high accuracy.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1990

Thiobencarb에 대한 벼의 내성(耐性)을 예측(豫測)하는데에 여러 가지 농업적(農業的) 형질(形質)의 중요도(重要度)를 구명키 위하여 thiobencarb에 반응(反應)을 달리하는 44품종(品種)을 대상(對象)으로 제초제(除草劑)를 처리(處理)하여 제특성(諸特性)을 조사(調査)하였던 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. Thiobencarb 처리(處理])에 의한 초장(草長), 분얼수(分蘖數), 간장(桿長), 이삭수, 이삭당 영화수(穎花數)의 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 품종(品種)간 차이(差異)는 제초제(除草劑) 처리농도(處理濃度)가 높을 때 더 크게 나타났으나, 출수기(出穗期), 등숙율(登熟率)은 제초제(除草劑) 처리농도(處理濃度)에 영향(影響)을 받지 않았다. Thiobencarb 고농도(高濃度) 처리(處理)에서 초장(草長), 분얼수(分蘖數), 등숙율(登熟率)을 제외한 모든 형질(形質)에 대한 회귀계수(回歸係數)는 유의성(有意性)을 보였으며 thiobencarb 농도(濃度)에 관계없이 고도(高度)의 정(正)의 유의성(有意性)을 보인 이삭당 영화수(穎花數)와 이삭수가 thiobencarb에 반응을 달리한 품종들의 수량(收量)을 에측하는데 가장 유용(有用)한 요소(要素)로 나타났다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2005

KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) is developing the near-infrared camera system named KASINICS (KASI Near-Infrared Camera System) which will be installed at the 60cm f/13.5 Ritchey-Chretien telescope of the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory (SOAO). The camera system is optimized for JHKL bands and has a 6 arcmin FOV. The optical system consists of two spherical mirrors and a 8-position filter wheel. With the exception for the dewar window, all optical elements are cooled inside cryogenic dewar. Since the Offner system is adopted to prevent thermal noises from outside of the telescope primary mirror, the secondary mirror of the Offner system acts as a cold Lyot stop. The optical performance does not change by temperature variations because the Aluminum mirrors contract and expand homogeneously with its mount. We finished the design and fabrication of the optical parts and are now aligning the optical system. We plan to have a test observation on 2006 January.