• Title/Summary/Keyword: U&I

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An Experimental Study on the Degree of Phonetic Similarity between Korean and Japanese Vowels (한국어와 일본어 단모음의 유사성 분석을 위한 실험음성학적 연구)

  • Kwon, Sung-Mi
    • MALSORI
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    • no.63
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    • pp.47-66
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    • 2007

  • This study aims at exploring the degree of phonetic similarity between Korean and Japanese vowels in terms of acoustic features by performing the speech production test on Korean speakers and Japanese speakers. For this purpose, the speech of 16 Japanese speakers for Japanese speech data, and the speech of 16 Korean speakers for Korean speech data were utilized. The findings in assessing the degree of the similarity of the 7 nearest equivalents of the Korean and Japanese vowels are as follows: First, Korean /i/ and /e/ turned out to display no significant differences in terms of F1 and F2 with their counterparts, Japanese /i/ and /e/, and the distribution of F1 and F2 of Korean /i/ and /e/ in the distributional map completely overlapped with Japanese /i/ and /e/. Accordingly, Korean /i/ and /e/ were believed to be "identical." Second, Korean /a/, /o/, and /i/ displayed a significant difference in either F1 or F2, but showed a great similarity in distribution of F1 and F2 with Japanese /a/, /o/, and /m/ respectively. Korean /a/ /o/, and /i/, therefore, were categorized as very similar to Japanese vowels. Third, Korean /u/, which has the counterpart /m/ in Japanese, showed a significant difference in both F1 and F2, and only half of the distribution overlapped. Thus, Korean /u/ was analyzed as being a moderately similar vowel to Japanese vowels. Fourth, Korean /${\wedge}$/ did not have a close counterpart in Japanese, and was classified as "the least similar vowel."

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ON CLEAN AND NIL CLEAN ELEMENTS IN SKEW T.U.P. MONOID RINGS

  • Hashemi, Ebrahim;Yazdanfar, Marzieh
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.57-71
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    • 2019

  • Let R be an associative ring with identity, M a t.u.p. monoid with only one unit and ${\omega}:M{\rightarrow}End(R)$ a monoid homomorphism. Let R be a reversible, M-compatible ring and ${\alpha}=a_1g_1+{\cdots}+a_ng_n$ a non-zero element in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$. It is proved that if there exists a non-zero element ${\beta}=b_1h_1+{\cdots}+b_mh_m$ in $R{\ast}M$ with ${\alpha}{\beta}=c$ is a constant, then there exist $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$, $1{\leq}j_0{\leq}m$ such that $g_{i_0}=e=h_{j_0}$ and $a_{i_0}b_{j_0}=c$ and there exist elements a, $0{\neq}r$ in R with ${\alpha}r=ca$. As a consequence, it is proved that ${\alpha}{\in}R*M$ is unit if and only if there exists $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$ such that $g_{i_0}=e$, $a_{i_0}$ is unit and aj is nilpotent for each $j{\neq}i_0$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring. Furthermore, we determine the relation between clean and nil clean elements of R and those elements in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring.

  • https://doi.org/10.4134/BKMS.b180094 인용 PDF KSCI

현대전 $C^3$I 역할

  • Lee, Sang-Cheol;Kim, Yeong-Gi;Lee, Seong-U
    • The Magazine of the IEIE
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.72-83
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    • 1988

  • 본문에서는 현대전에 있어서 군전력의 핵심이 되는 지휘. 통제, 통신 및 정보(C3I)체계에 대하여 논의코자 한다. 먼저 C3I에 대한 이해를 돕기 위하여 C3I 체계의 기능과 계층별 구조 및 그 운용 개념등을 설명하였다. 우리나라의 C3I체계 구현을 위해서 선진국의 C3I체계 개발 현황을 소개하였고 소요 핵심 기술과 특히 연구 개발자를 위한 군요구 정의 방안을 제시하였다. 끝으로 체계 개발을 위한 점진적 개선 방안을 건의 하였고 군 전력 승수(force multiplier)로써의 C3I 역할을 설명하였다.

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Toegye(退溪)'s interpretation of Chungyong(中庸) (퇴계 이황의 『중용』 해석)

  • Seo, Se-Young
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.54
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    • pp.45-76
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    • 2014

  • The purpose of this paper is to examine Toegye(退溪 李滉, 1501~1570)'s interpretation of Chungyong(中庸) who led the completion of the $Chos{\breve{o}}n$-style acceptance of Neo-Confucianism. This paper is focused on revealing the way that how he understood it according to the system of Neo-Confucianism that was proposed by Chu Hsi, rather than revealing the unique perspective of Toegye. I have the following configuration in this paper. First, I have set two directions of research for understanding of Chungyong, these were derived through the work that is an overview of cases of interpretation of Chungyong of $Chos{\breve{o}}n$. 1) How to understand the overall structure of Chungyong? 2) How to understand key concepts of Chungyong? Next, basing on these directions of research, I analyzed Toegye's interpretation of Chungyong. To grasp the structure of the whole, Toegye followed the segmentation system and structure of Chungyong changgu: Commentary on the Doctrine of the Mean, and to understand key concepts of Chungyong, he conducted in collaboration with concepts of Neo-Confucianism. Concretely, I analyze his work : Chungyong $suk{\breve{u}}i$(中庸釋義) and Chungyong $jil{\breve{u}}i$(中庸質疑) for asserting that he accepted the segmentation system and structure of Chungyong changgu. And I analyze his documents: letters to and from his disciples. This analysis focus on concepts of Chungyong for asserting that his understanding is in the context of Chu Hsi and other Neo-Confucian scholars's commentary. Toegye tried to reduce the diversity of interpretation and present one meaning.