• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.802-810
• /
• 2018

Aging is accompanied by changes in the body, such as graying hair, wrinkles, and black spots composed of lipid peroxides and proteins. Melanin is a polymer substance produced by an oxidation polymerization reaction from tyrosine, and it determines the color of hair and skin. It has been reported that melanin is synthesized by melanocyte, and its excessive production by reactive oxygen species is associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effects of Musa paradisiaca peel ethanolic extract (MPEE) on antioxidative activity and melanin synthesis. It was observed that the antioxidant activity of MPEE was similar to that of vitamin C, a positive control, in both DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. In order to examine cytotoxicity prior to cell experimentation, 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed for B16F1 cells. MPEE was not cytotoxic at $32{\mu}g/ml$ or less. In addition, MPEE increased melanin synthesis in live cells in addition to tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-oxidation assay in vitro. Moreover, MPEE increased melanin synthesis in cells aged by pretreatment with $H_2O_2$. The expression levels of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 by western blot analysis were increased in the presence of MPEE. These results suggest that MPEE could promote the melanin synthesis as an antioxidative substance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.325-335
• /
• 2018

This study is for checking the possibility of ginseng complex as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-inflammatory and whitening effects by using ethanol extract of ginseng complex. Samples were prepared by extracting 70% ethanol from each of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (A), Phellinus linteus (B) and Pinus rigida Mill. (C), and mixing them at a ratio of (A) 1 : (B) 1 : (C) 0.5. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the samples in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells), MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of the samples and the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins and genes. To evaluate the whitening effect of the samples in melanoma (B16F10 cell), MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of the sample, cellular tyrosinase inhibition, and melanin contents. The inhibitory activity of nitric oxide in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was 71.2% at $25{\mu}g/mL$ concentration and western blot analysis showed that the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity showed 36.8% inhibition at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of ginseng complex and inhibition of melanin contents showed 47.8% inhibition at $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. From the results of the experiment, it was confirmed that the ginseng complex had excellent anti-inflammatory and whitening effect and could be used as a safe natural cosmetic material in the future.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.177-185
• /
• 2019

Ecklonia cava is popular in Korea as a marine functional materials. E. cava is generally collected and used on the coast of Jeju Island. However, the continuous use of collected natural E. cava may be limited because difficult to secure throughout the year and may be exposed to environmental pollution. Jeju magma seawater (MSW) was known to be significant advantages such as safety, cleanness, stability, and functional improvement. Attempts have been reported on application of MSW to the culturing of macro- and microalgae and showed improved results. Thus, the objective of the present study was to explore the anti-melanogenesis activity of brown seaweed E. cava (E. cava cultured with MSW [MSWE]) extract cultured in tanks with MSW of Jeju Island to evaluate the possibility of cosmeceutical industrial application. MSWE extract showed the higher polyphenolic and dieckol contents than natural E. cava (NE) extract. Anti-melanogenesis activity of MSWE extract and NE extract are tested and compared using tyrosinase and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) oxidation inhibition assay. MSWE extracts evidenced more effective tyrosinase and DOPA oxidation inhibition activity than that of the NE extracts and the commercial whitening agent, arbutin. MSWE extracts also markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and decreased the expression of melanogenesis-related protein in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that MSW cultivation process would be more effective in releasing bioactive compounds with whitening effect from seaweed such as E. cava at an industrial scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.11
• /
• pp.1695-1700
• /
• 2014

Oriental herbal liquor (Yakju) is a type of Korean traditional alcoholic beverage that uses Nuruk and oriental herbs for fermentation. The purpose of this study was to develop cosmetic ingredients using Jubak, which is a by-product of alcoholic fermentation of oriental herbal liquor. To investigate antioxidant, whitening, and anti-aging effects of Jubak, we prepared extract of Jubak and its solvent fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction (KSD E4-3) showed the most prominent free radical [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)] scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$: 0.75 mg/mL). KSD E4-3 significantly inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity ($IC_{50}$: 0.82 mg/mL) and reduced the melanin contents in mouse melanoma melanocyte, B16F10 cells. KSD E4-3 down-regulated protein expression of tyrosinase related proteins (TRP)-1, -2, which play key roles in melanogenesis. For anti-aging effects, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression was evaluated using human keratinocyte, HaCaT cells. Treatment of HaCaT cells with KSD E4-3 reduced expression of MMP-1, -2, -9 and inhibited proteolytic activities of MMP-2, -9. These results suggest that KSD E4-3 induces down-regulation of cellular melanogenesis and protects against photoaging induced by UVB-induced damage. Thus KSD E4-3 could potentially be a valuable cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.461-469
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of ethanol extracts of Black oryzasativa, Sesamum indicum, Oryza sativa, Rhynchosia Nulubilis, and Polygoni multiflori radix (MIXEE) on melanogenesis to develop a natural product for black hair growth. An accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in hair follicles, which reduces melanin synthesis, is responsible for hair graying. In the present study, MIXEE showed scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and reducing power. In addition, it reduced the cellular $H_2O_2$ level, indicating that it could inhibit oxidation and promote melanin synthesis, which was decreased by $H_2O_2$. On the other hand, it did not affect tyrosinase activity in vitro but promoted the turnover of L-DOPA into melanin. MIXEE promoted melanin synthesis at the cellular level in B16F1 cells. Furthermore, MIXEE increased the expression levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and SOD3 in western blot analysis. In addition, MIXEE increased the expression levels of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, which promoted melanin synthesis from L-DOPA. The results suggested that MIXEE could promote melanogenesis. Therefore, MIXEE may have potential as a natural product for promotion of melanin production and reversal of gray hair to black hair.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.220-226
• /
• 2014

Diospyros lotus has been cultivated for its edible fruits and leaves which are considered for its medicinal importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenesis of ethyl acetate (EA) fractions from D. lotus leaves in B16 cells. The order of the total polyphenol content with regard to the different solvent fractions from D. lotus leaves was EA>butanol>metahanol>chloroform>n-hexane. The major compounds of EA fraction from D. lotus leaves by HPLC analysis were myricitrin and myricetin. Cellular TYR activity and melanin content in response to treatment with 100 mg/mL of EA fraction was inhibited more strongly than group treated with arbutin. Further, EA fraction exhibited significant anti-melanogenesis effects by reducing the levels of microphthalima-associated transcription factor (MITE), inhibiting the synthesis of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2. Therefore, EA fractions from D. lotus leaves may be a good source of skin-whitening agents in the future development of medicine-based trouble skin therapy.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2024

We evaluated the efficacy of Geranium thunbergii (GT), which has so far been understudied as a cosmetic material, and conducted anti-inflammatory-related activity studies. We measured the electron donation ability and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging ability to confirm the antioxidant ability of GT and found values of 91% and 94% at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml, respectively, confirming that GT had excellent antioxidant ability. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured to evaluate whitening activity, and it was found that inhibitory activity was 24.8% at the highest concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. Elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity were measured to determine the wrinkle improvement activity of the GT; 30.6% and 90% inhibitory activity were shown at the highest concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml, respectively. Excellent inhibitory activity was confirmed through the measurement of collagenase inhibitory activity. Before the cell experiments were conducted, the survival rate of the macrophages Raw 264.7 according to GT treatment was determined based on the MTT assay, and the cell survival rate was greater than 83.6% at a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml. Subsequent cell-related experiments were conducted at concentrations of 100 ㎍/ml or less. The NO production inhibitory activity according to the GT treatment by NO assay was measured, and a 74.9% inhibitory rate was confirmed at a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml. Western blotting was performed to determine protein expression inhibition, and both COX-2 and iNOS factors were concentration-dependently inhibited in GT. Based on these results, GT is considered to have potential as an anti-inflammatory functional cosmetic material.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.524-531
• /
• 2018

The essential oil from Abies koreana E.H. Wilson had been developed, however, its efficacy has not yet been studied especially in terms of skin care research. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Abies koreana extracts (AKE) on melanogenesis and wrinkle formation in B16F10 melanoma cells (B16F10) and human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF). The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation method and purified by anhydrous sodium sulfate. At a concentration of $10^{-5}$-fold, viability in these cells had been defined by cytotoxicity assays. Anti-melanogenic effects on B16F10 were evaluated using tyrosinase inhibition assay, and real-time PCR for verifying gene expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1 and -2). AKEs reduced about 5-fold of tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced group and about 30% reduction compared to Arbutin induced group. The mRNA levels of three melanin-related factors were increased, separately. To investigate the effects of anti-wrinkle, procollagen type I c peptide synthesis assay (PIP) and Western blot were performed. At AKE-treated group, PIP was up-regulated and the expression of collagen type 1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 were improved. Furthermore, AKE presented anti-wrinkle effects by increasing UVB-inhibited collagen type 1 expression, and reducing UVB-induced MMP-1 production at $60mJ/cm^2$ of UVB radiation. Therefore, Abies koreana extracts has potentials as a safe and an effective skin ingredient for whitening and anti-wrinkle.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2012

This study was designed to explore new nutraceutical and cosmetic resources possessing biological activities from the plant kingdom. To fulfill this purpose, we analyzed the anti-oxidative, anti-melanogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract (ZSE) and its solvent fractions using in vitro assays and cell culture model systems. Three kinds of ZSE treated with methanol, ethanol, and water exhibited potent anti-oxidative activities through DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and inhibited in vitro DOPA oxidation. Furthermore, Z. schinifolium methanol extract (ZSME) inhibited the ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone, which induces melanin contents in B16F10 cells. Its anti-melanogenic activity originates from the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanogenesis related protein expression. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in the RAW 264.7 cell line was also ameliorated by ZSME treatment in a dose dependent manner. Among the four solvent fractions of ZSME treated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, three fractions, except water, showed significant anti-melanogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Taken together, these results provide important new insights into Z. schinifolium, indicating that it possesses numerous biological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-melanogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it may well serve as a promising material in the field of nutraceuticals and cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2016

This study is related to develop a snail extract through a snail secondary fermentation process, getting anti-aging activity with healthy and beauty skin care scientific applications. In order to obtain a primary fermentation was incubated with Hericium erinaceus mycelium. Through the secondary fermentation process using Leuconostoc mesenteroides, was deeply described a total process of obtaining second fermented extract using snail body. Mycelium is applied in this study was extracted using Hericium erinaceus mycelium and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The final yield of the extract was 62 wt%. Experimental results of secondary fermentation snail extract were contained with 32 wt% water, 31.5 wt% total amino acid protein, 15.7 wt% polysaccharide, 12.3 wt% fatty acid and others 8.5 wt%. In addition, in order to study about skin beauty care and anti-aging activity, we evaluated antioxidant activity with DPPH, elastin enzyme (elastase) inhibitory activity, tyrosinase inhibition rate, collagen synthetic function, fibroblast synthetic activity. First; anti-oxidative activity of secondary fermentation snail extract (IC50%) was spent with 7.27 mg/mL, control samples were spent with green tea extract was 11.8 mg/mL, common snails extract was 15.7 mg/mL, DL-a-tocopherol was 9.25 mg/mL respectively. Second; elastin enzyme inhibitory activity of secondary fermentation snail extract (IC50%) was spent with 32.5 mg/mL, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 45.9 mg/mL, general snail extract was 67.7 mg/mL. Third; tyrosinase inhibitory activity of secondary fermentation snail extract (IC50%) was spent with 140.3 mg/mL, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 250.7 mg/mL, general snails extract was 389.5 mg/mL, niacineamide was 125.9 mg/mL. Forth; fibroblast synthetic activity of secondary fermentation snail extract was increased with 125.6%, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 98.9%, general snails extract was 109.5%, niacineamide was 125.9 mg/mL, DL-a-tocopherol was 96.2%. Fifth; collagen synthetic activity of secondary fermentation snail extract was increased with 118%, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 87.3%, general snails extract was 93.2%, adenosine was 127.9%. In conclusion, on the basis of this study, in the future it is expected to be applied to the skin beauty care application and development of Korean style cosmetic products.