• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.534-553
• /
• 2011

Analogical thinking is a problem-solving strategy to use a familiar problem (or base analog) to solve a novel problem of the same type (the target problem). The purpose of this study is to provide new insight into geography teaching and learning by connecting cognitive science research on analogical thinking with issues of geography education and suggest that teaching with analogies can be a productive instructional strategy for geography. In this study, using the various examples of analogical thinking used in geography we defined analogical thinking, addressed the theoretical models on analogical transfer, and discussed conditions that make an effective analogical transfer. The major research findings include the following: a) the spatial analogy, indicating skills to find places that may be far apart but have similar locations, and therefore have other similar conditions and/or connections, can provide a useful way to design contents for place learning; b) representational transfer, specifying a common representation for two problems, can play a key role in solving geographic problems requiring data visualization and spatialization processes; and c) either asking learners to compare/analyze similar examples sharing common structure or providing them examples bridging the gap between concrete, real-life phenomena and the ideas and models can contribute to learning in geographic concepts and skills. The spatial analogy requiring both geographic content knowledge and visual/spatial thinking has the potential to become a content-specific problem-solving strategy. We ended with recommendations for future research on analogy that is important in geography education.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2001.03a
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2001

An apparent earth pressure envelope for anchored walls proposed by FHWA was compared with Terzaghi & Peck's earth pressure envelope. The anchor design load, the maximum bending moment and the penetration depth were calculated by a simple beam analogy method for each type of envelope.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.402-414
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the effects of the instructions using analogies in learning the concept of saturated solution by the analogy presentation types and the verbal learning styles upon the mapping understanding, the mapping errors, and the perceptions of the instruction. Fifth graders (N=123) at an elementary school were selected and assigned to VA (n=63) and VPA (n=60) groups. As a pretest, a test on the verbal learning style was administered. The students in the VA group learned the target concept with a verbal analogy, while those in the VPA group learned it with a verbal/pictorial analogy. After the students learned it, a mapping understanding test was administered. The students in the VPA group also administered the test on the perceptions of the instruction and some of them were interviewed in depth. The results revealed that the scores of the students with strong verbal learning preference in the VPA group were significantly lower than those in the VA group in the mapping understanding test. However, the scores of the students with weak verbal learning preference were not significantly different between the two groups. Five types of mapping errors were identified: failure to map, mismapping, rash mapping, impossible mapping, and mapping of a surficial feature. According to students' verbal learning styles, there were some differences in the frequencies of mapping errors in the two groups. Many students in the VPA group, regardless of their verbal learning styles, had positive perceptions of the instruction in various cognitive and motivational aspects. However, some of them also pointed out a few difficulties of the instruction. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.20 no.2 s.70
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2007

Visual trope is one of the important appealing methods of creativity to induce voluntary consumer participation. In many cases, it delivers a message using metaphors. To define the concepts of_metaphor, we investigated methods of expression and significance of metaphor itself and associated forms; in all: metaphor, analogy, catachresis, metonymy, and synecdoche. We also considered the structure of each form to propose a method of metricizing the metaphor Consequently, we found that the metaphor of a visual trope is a type of operation and development of codes. We suggested models for each form type and concept of metaphor through the evaluation of metaphor significance and case study. Metaphor significance forms mutually close relationships with codes of pragmatics, semantics, and syntax. We suggested a type of metrics or a guideline for an expression method and evaluation of a visual trope appropriate for a metaphor form type. Therefore and importantly, the following study presents unique, but manifold results that are also useful in the field of design.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.1100-1104
• /
• 1997

Compounds containing a nitrone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated as a new type of active site zinc ligating substrate analog inhibitors for carboxypeptidase A. The kinetic results indicated that they are competitive inhibitors for the enzyme, supporting the design rationale that the oxygen of the nitrone forms a coordinative bond to the active site zinc ion. The present study demonstrates that nitrone is useful as a zinc coordinating ligand in the design of inhibitors for zinc containing proteolytic enzymes.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2016.07a
• /
• pp.367-368
• /
• 2016

10kV IGCT has been recently developed and has the potential to push wind turbine systems to higher power and voltage rating. Converters employing IGCTs need snubber and OVP circuit to limit the rate of current's rising and peak over voltage across IGCT during turn on and off state, respectively. The conventional RCD snubber which is used in such power converter dissipates a significant amount of power. In order to reduce the amount of energy lost by conventional RCD snubber, this paper proposes flyback type snubber comprising two coils wound on a magnetic core. The flyback snubber not only meets all of the IGCTs characteristics during on and off-state but also significantly saves the power loss. Modern magnetic model using permeance-capacitance analogy leads to more accurate loss analysis of flyback type di/dt snubber circuit in 3-level NPC type back-to-back VSC. In turns, the comparison between conventional and flyback type snubber yield the effectiveness of proposed snubber in wind turbine systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.508-514
• /
• 2015

In this paper, the powertrain efficiency is analyzed for the input split type hybrid electric vehicle. For considering the powertrain loss, the power loss models of planetary gear and motor are applied. And, the mathematic equations of powertrain speed and torque are found by using the lever analogy. With the above models and equations, the powertrain efficiency is analyzed for the 0 to 180 km/h vehicle velocity range. From the analysis results, it is found that the transmission efficiency with the power loss of planetary gear is smaller maximum 2.1% than the transmission efficiency without the power loss of planetary gear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2017

In this study, the performances of five input split type hybrid electric vehicle sub-drivetrains were analyzed. The five sub-drivetrains consist of chain, helical gears and planetary gears. For the analyzing above five sub-drivetrains, the mathematical equations were derived. From the analysis, we found that the sub-drivetrain with chain shows slower acceleration performance and larger energy consumption on the city driving. And, the sub-drivetrain with only helical gear shows smallest energy consumption on the city driving. If the sub-drivetrain can change its gear speed, it shows fastest acceleration performance, but it has largest energy consumption on the city driving due to its additional auxiliary components.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2000

An aerodynamically progressed model, which is called APTAB model. has been proposed for more accurate prediction of the deformation and breakup of a spray. Especially, the effects of the droplet deformation on the droplet aerodynamic external force are considered in this model, which was neglected in TAB model. It is found that the predicted droplet deformation using APTAB model shows better agreement with experimental data than those of other models for the droplets in both bag-type and shear-type breakup regimes. A new breakup criterion has been proposed to predict more reasonable breakup quantities, such as breakup deformation length, time and so on; i.e., it is defined that the breakup occurs when the internal liquid phase pressure of the deformed droplet at the equator is greater than that of the pole. The proposed breakup criterion shows more physical relationship between the degree of droplet deformation at breakup and the corresponding breakup Weber number as compared with the results with TAB and DDB models. Therefore, it provides better predictions of the experimental data than TAB and DDB models for the droplet deformation and time in both bag-type and shear-type breakup regimes.

• Educational Technology International
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.79-96
• /
• 2008

The issue of connection between entities has a lengthy history in educational research, especially since it provides the necessary bridge between base and target in analogical transfer. Recently, the connection has been viewed through the application of technology to bridge between sequences in order to be cognitively useful. This study reports the effect of sequence type (AT vs. TA) and connection type (fading vs. popping) on the achievement and analogical transfer in a multimedia application. In the current research, 10th -grade and 11th -grade biology students in Korea were randomly assigned to five groups to test the effects of presentation sequence and entity connection type on analogical transfer. Consistent with previous studies, sequence type has a significant effect: analogical transfer performance was better when base representations were presented first followed by target representations rather than the reverse order. This is probably because presenting a familiar base first helps in understanding a less familiar target. However, no fully significant differences were found with the entity connection types (fading vs. popping) in analogical transfer. According to the Markman and Gentner's (2005) spatial model, analogy in a space is influenced only by the differences between concepts, not by distance in space. Thus connection types fail on the basis of this spatial model in analogical transfer test. The findings and their implications for sequence and connection research and practice are discussed. Leveraging on the analogical learning process, specific implications for scaffolding learning processes and the development of adaptive expertise are drawn.