• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.234-246
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• 1996

In order to investigate the effects of api-toxin therapy on depression of immune response, mice were exposed to cold stress $(-20^{\circ}C)$) in 30 minutes twice a day and api-toxin(Bee Venom from Korea and U.S.A) therapy was treated to the Kihae $(CV_6)$ locus of human body every two days with 4 sessions of treatment for 8 days. The mice were sensitized i.v. with $5{\times}10^8$ sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on the 4th day and challenged i.d. with $2{\times}10^9$ SRBC 4 days later. Immune Response for delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), lympocyte transformation(LTT), hemolysin titer(HL), plaque forming cells (PFC) were measured.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.129-153
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• 2001

Background: SMG (升麻葛根湯加味方) is an herbal medicine which has been used in oriental medicine as a traditional therapeutic agent of pruritus and skin disease. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of SMG on the anti-hypersensitivity and immune response in the murine of type I hypersensitivity induced by the experiment. Materials and Methods: Laboratory rats were primary sensitized with OA (ovalbumin); on day 1, rats of a Control group and Sample group (SMG group) were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of Al(OH)3 in a total volume of 2ml saline. The rats of the sample group were orally administered with an SMG water extract for 14 days after primary immunization. On day 14 after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling $0.9\%$ saline aerosol containing $2\%$(wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BAL fluid and peripheral blood were collected from the rats. Total cell, lymphocyte, $CD4^+\;T\;cell,\;CD8^+\;T\;cell,\;CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio in the BALF, and IgE, $CD4^+\;T\;cell,\;CD8^+$ T cell in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results: SMG showed a suppressive effect on the immune response in the rats. 1. Total Cells in the BALF decreased in the SMG treated group in comparison group, but statistic differences were not observed. 2. Total lymphocytes in the BALF were statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 3. CD4+ T cells in the BALF were statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 4. CD8+ T cells in the BALF were decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group, but statistic differences were not observed. 5. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the BALF was statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 6. The IgE level in serum was statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 7. The ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ in peripheral blood showed undetectable differences between each group of rats. From the experiment cited above, this study shows that SMG has both anti-hypersensitivity effects and immunoregulatory effects when administered to rats. Based on this experiment, it is suggested that SMG could be a useful immunomodulator and anti-allergy agent.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1996

In order to research the effects of Shipjundaebotang(SDT) and Orostachys Herba(OH) on anti-tumor and immune response, the author performed this experimental study. Experimental groups are divided into five groups, which are solid extract of Orostachys Herba by water(OHW), solid extract of Orostachys Herba by ethanol(OHE), solid extract of Shipjundaebotang (SDT), solid extract of Shipjundaebotang added by solid extract of Orostachys Herba by water(SDT+OHW) and solid extract of Shipjundaebotang added by solid extract of Orostachys Herba by ethanol (SDT+OHE). In these experimental studies, extension of survival days for anti-tumor effect was observed, and de layed type hypersensitivity and rosette forming cell for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin titers and hemolysin titers for humeral immune response, spleenic natural killer cell activity and carbon clearance (K-index) in vitro were measured with mice. The result were summerized as follows: I. SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups were significantly recognized to extend the survival days of tumor bearing mice as compared with the control group. 2. Delayed type hypersensitivity was significantly increased in SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups as compared with control group. 3. Hemagglutinin titer was increasred in all sample groups as compared with control group, but not significantly. 4. Hemolysin titers was significantly increased in SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups as compared with control group, and SDT+OHE treated group showed the increasing effect with significance as compared with the other sample groups. 5. For the effect of roselle forming cell quantitation, SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups showed the increasing effect with significance as compared with control group. 6. Natural killer cell activity was significantly increased in SDT+OHW as compared with comrol group, but the other groups, except OHW and SDT+OHW treated groups, revealed the increasing effect as compared with control group, but the significance was not admitted. 7. For the effect of K-index(Carbon clearance), SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups showed the increas ing effect with significance as compared with control group. 8. The study didn't show that Orostachys herba had any significance with survival days, anti-tumor effect and immune re sponse.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

Ethanolic extracts of T. cordifolia and C. asiatica were evaluated for immunostimulatory effect in mice against sheep RBCs as antigen by three models viz. delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, ercent change in neutrophil count and haemagglutination titre. Immunostimulatory effect in the presence of immunosuppressant agent, cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was also investigated. T. cordifolia and C. asiatica significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 respectively) enhanced foot pad thickness when measured after 24 hours of sheep RBC antigen challenge. Both the plant materials increased foot pad thickness even after being subjected to immunosuppressant exposure. T. cordifolia revealed enhanced neutrophil counts, while C. asiatica had no significant effect on neutrophil counts. T. cordifolia exhibited significantly (P < 0.01) elevated neutrophil levels even in the presence of cyclophosphamide administration. Both the plants exhibited humoral antibody response, as haemagglutination titre values were significantly high as compared to control. T. cordifolia and C. asiatica could combat immunosuppressant effect of cyclophosphamide (P < 0.01). This suggests that T. cordifolia and C. asiatica can be regarded as biological response modifiers and can be utilized for the development of immunostimulating agent among plant sources.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1986

Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng petroleum ether fraction on delayed type hypersensitivity, rosette formation, phagocytic activity and histophathological influence in lead acetate treated mice. Lead acetate was administered in the drinking water and ginseng pet. ether fraction was injected i.p.. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. Erythrocyte(I) rosette formation and DTH reaction were significantly depressed in lead acetate treated mice, and those were restored administration of ginseng fraction. Ginseng pet. ether fraction administration did not have any effect on decreased phagocytic activity. Follicular and parafollicular areal destruction of spleen, and destruction of thymus were finded in lead acetate exposed-mice. Small dose of ginseng pet. ether fraction (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg), administraction inhibited those histopathological changes, but large dose (20 mg/kg) didn't.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of Sojagangki-tang on imuno-activity. the author performaed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells (RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers for humoral immune response, Carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system) were measured in ICR mice. The results were summurized as follows: Delayed tape hypersensitivity was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Hemagglutinin titers were increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Hemolysin titers were increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Number of RFC was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Carbon clearance was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Through in vivo experimental study in ICR mice Sojagangki-tang enhences the cell-mediated immmune response, the humoral immune respose. According to the above results, I think that Sojagangki-tang could be used for allergy asthma and lung damage patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of Insamyangwee Tang on cell-mediated and humoral immune response, solid extract of Insamyangwee Tang (sample A), mixture of individual solid extract of Insamyangwee Tang (sample B) were administered orally for 14 days. The auther used ICR mice having a body weight of about 20-22g as experimental animals dividing them into three groups-Saline, Sample A and Sample B group. All of the mice were sensitized i.v. with $10^8$ sheep red blood cells(SRBC) and challenged i.d. with $10^8$ SRBC 4 days later. Such immune responses as delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), rosette forming cells(RFC), hemagglutinin titers(HA titers) and hemolysin titers(HL titers) were measured at 24 hours after challenge. The results were as follow: 1. DTH in Sample A & Sample B group was increased, as compared with Saline group, with satistical significance. 2. RFC in Sample A & Sample B group were increased, as compared with Saline group, with statistical significance. 3. HA titers in Sample A & Sample B group were not increased, as compared with Saline group, with statistical significance. 4. HL titers were increased just only in Sample A group with statistical significance. The inference from the above results is that Sample A group is better than Sample B group, and Insamyangwee Tang enhance the cell-mediated and humoral immune response.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 1991

The effects of Ephedrae herba on cellular and humoral immune responses were investigated in mice. Group A and B of mice received intraperitoneal injection of methanol extracts, ether fraction(E), petroleum ether fraction(PE), ethyl acetate fraction(EA) and water fraction(W) for 5 days or 10 days before sensitization. The other group received i.p. injection of ephedrine (Ep) or pseudoephedrine $({\psi}\;Ep)$ for 1 day prior to sensitization. The change of body and spleen weights showed a tendency of decreasing but that of thymus showed increasing. Ear swelling was maximum at 48 hours after challenge and was significantly decreased in the groups treated with EA, W, Ep, and ${\psi}\;Ep$. HA titer was enhanced in EA, W and EP treated groups, HE titer being significantly decreased.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2007

The purpose of the study reported here was to test the hypotheses that clinically healthy dogs will not manifest immediate hypersensitivity responses to intradermal injection of Malassezia pachydermatis extracts but that affected dogs with Malassesia otitis will manifest such hypersensitivity. Wd desired to identify approximate molecular mass of any allergenic components of the yeast by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profile of Malassezia pachydermatis extracts showed between 16 and 110 kDa. Especially, the intensity was strongest between 25 and 80 kDa. Mean wheal diameters in the affected groups of 20, 2, 0.2, and $0.02{\mu}g/ml$ were $13.36{\pm}0.67,\;5.33{\pm}0.67,\;5.47{\pm}0.82,\;and\;5.07{\pm}0.64$, respectively. Mean wheal thickness in the affected groups of 20, 2, 0.2, and $0.02{\mu}g/ml$ was $6.44{\pm}0.40,\;3.86{\pm}0.35,\;2.64{\pm}0.36,\;and\;2.60{\pm}0.44$, respectively. The difference of wheal diameters and thickness between healthy and affected groups was significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, the observations confirm that Malassezia pachydermatis-derived antigens may induce an immediate wheal response when intradermal injected in dogs. It seems reasonable to suggest that hypersensitivity to yeast may contribute to the development of clinical signs in dogs with immediate skin test reactivity, especially in dogs with Malassezia otitis extema.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1986

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the effects of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) on Arthus reaction, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Mice were sensitized iv with 0.1ml of 1% SRBC suspension were treated with a single ip injection of olive oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil (0.5~50mg/Kg) at various time before (-) or after (+) sensitization (day 0) and were challenged at 4 days after SRBC. Arthus reaction was measured at 3 hours after challenge and other responses at 24 hours. Treatment with MCA inhibited Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC, measured by footpad swelling reaction, and this immunosuppressing effect was dependent on the dose and time of MCA treatment in relation to SRBC sensitization. Humoral immune responses as measured by serum hemagglutinin-and hemolysin-titers to SRBC were significantly depressed when MCA was injected before or at the same time of sensitization. However, the response was slightly depressed when injected after SRBC. These results indicate that MCA suppress the function of the cells involved in immune responses.