• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

The velocity structure beneath the CHNB broadband station is determined by receiver function analysis using by from teleseismic P waveforms. The detailed broadband receiver functions are obtained by stacking method for source-equalized vertical, radial and tangential components of teleseismic P waveforms. A time domain inversion uses the stacked radial receiver function to determine vertical P wave velocity structure beneath the station. The crustal velocity structures beneath the stations are estimated using the receiver function inversion method in the case at the crustal model parameterized by many thin, flat-tying, homogeneous layers. The result of crust at model inversion shows the crustal velocity structure beneath the CHNB station varies smoothly with increasing depth, and there are six discontinuity around 2.5km, 6.25km, 12.5km, 22.5km and 27.5km depth, with Moho discontinuity at about 32.5km depth.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2002

In previous study, the decrease and recovery of total stiffness in welded structure was discussed on the basis of experimental examination through tensile loading and unloading test of welded specimen. The recovery of structure stiffness was caused by the release of welding residual stress through mechanical loading. In this study, analysis model that is indispensable for the effective application of MSR method was established on the basis of test and measurement result. Thermal elasto-plastic analysis for welding process was performed by non- coupled analysis. Analysis results of welding process were transfer to elasto-plastic model for tensile loading & unloading by restart technique. In elasto-plastic analysis model for mechanical loading & unloading, hardening appearance of weld metal was considered by rezoning technique and tying technique was used for JIG condition of test machine.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

Background : This study focuses on the new acupuncture method of embedding method which inserts a substance on the acupuncture points for continuous stimulation. Clinical applications and cautions were examined through literary investigations. Results : Based on the literary consideration of embedding method, the following results were obtained : 1. Embedding method is a combination of traditional and embedding technique to provide longer duration of stimulation on the acupuncture points. 2. To administer the embedding method, one needs to utilize a embedding thread besides acupuncture apparatus. Sheep gut is commonly used in China and the surgical thread is the choice in Korea. 3. Embedding method may vary from the patient to patient, depending on the nature and location of the illness. Piercing, embedding, and tying are some of the possibilities. 4. Embedding method may have different arrangement of threads based on the choice of usage. 5. Embedding method is effective for various chronic illnesses such as aches, functional diseases, and the diseases of internal organs. 6. When using the embedding methods, cautions against infection and side effects due to strong stimulation are mandatory.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.5 s.176
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• pp.1254-1260
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• 2000

There have been many developments in super precision working technique and working method up to, now. But, it is very difficult to evaluate working surface accurately without the technicians experience and judgment. Surface roughness tester using stylus was used to measure surface condition generally But this method is not so desirable because of damage on test piece caused by contact between the workpiece and the stylus sensor. As a result, non-contact method was known as a good way to carry, out this process without damage. However, this is a difficult one among the various measuring methods. So we are tying to suggest a new method using texture analysis through image processing to get a surface information in worked test piece. Co-occurrence matrix using difference of gray levels between a pixel and its neighboring one was used to study behavior of surface roughness and to J acquire data for analysis. Standard specimen was adapted to verify this research. We suggest texture information method in order to evaluate surface state for the best measurement system.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 2015

The Akin osteotomy is a complimentary procedure in hallux valgus surgery. Surgical techniques may vary depending on the operators or fixation devices. Suture fixation, for which a removal procedure is not necessary, can often be recommended. However, there is a risk of failure due to the thin cortex of the phalanx. We describe a new technique using Ethibond suture fixation in Akin osteotomy, which can lower the risk of phalangeal cortical failure and articular cartilage irritation. First, the Akin osteotomy was performed on the proximal phalanx 5 to 6 mm distal to the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Then bone holes were drilled from dorsum to plantar parallel to osteotomy with the Kirschner wire. The final procedure involved passing the Ethibond sutures connected to a straight needle through the holes and tying it. This fixation method offers an effective and easy technique for performance of Akin osteotomy.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

The purpose of state tying is to reduce the number of models and to use relatively reliable output probability distributions. There are two approaches: one is top down clustering and the other is bottom up clustering. For seen data, the performance of bottom up approach is better than that of top down approach. In this paper, we propose a new clustering technique that can enhance the undertrained triphone clustering performance. The basic idea is to tie unreliable triphones before clustering. An unreliable triphone is the one that appears in the training data too infrequently to train the model accurately. We propose to use monophone distance to preprocess these unreliable triphones. It has been shown in a pilot experiment that the proposed method reduces the error rate significantly.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.948-950
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• 2005

This paper compared the test data with the loss when a conductor is exposed to the magnetic fieldof reactors after generating external magnetic field in specimen by means of an air core reactor model and the calculation of loss came from a tying the combination of FEM and integral method. It was applied to the loss measurement of transformers due to leakage flux.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.79
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• pp.77-81
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• 2007

In this paper deals with behavior of the magnetic abrasive using Sr-Ferrite on polishing charateristiccs in a internal finishing of staninless steel pipe a tying magnetic abrasive polishing. The magnetic polishing is the useful method to finish some machinery fabrications by using magnetic power. This method is one of the precision techniques and has in aim for clean technology in the transportation of the pure gas in the clean pipes. The magnetic abrasive polishing method is not so common in the field of machine that it is not known to widely. There are rarely researcher in this field because of non-effectiveness of magnetic abrasive. Therefore, in this paper we deals with the development of the magnetic abrasive with the use of Sr-Ferrite. In this development, abrasive grain SiC has been made by using the resin bond fabricated at low temperature. And magnetic abrasive powder was fabricated from the Sr-Ferrite which was crushed into 200 mesh. The XRD analysis result shows that only SiC abrasive and Sr-Ferrite crystal peaks were detected, explaining that resin bond was not any more to contribute chemical reaction. From MACRO analysis, we found that SiC abrasive and Sr-Ferrite were strongly bonding with each other.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the observed behaviors of subjects who suffered from low back pain with spinal diseases, Thirty two low back pain patients admitted on the neurosurgical unit in an army hospital were compared with 30 normal controls belonged to an army unit, by means of matching the age, hight and weight. Observed pain behaviors were developed by the researcher on the bases of literature and patient observation. This tool consists of 18 behaviors seperated into two major groups : mutually exclusive and concomittent behaviors. The mutually exclusive behaviors included coding cathegories for 6. body motions assumed by the subjects during the observation session. These 6 standardized motions consisted of sitting from standing first, and serially tying down, reclining, sitting again, and then standing, 6 steps walking. Concomittent behaviors consisted of 12 observable patterns that can be observed systematically from the face, grimacing, bracing, rubbing, walking with arms fixed, support with hands on sitting or standing, guarded movement, limping, unbalaced weightbearing, stopped movement from tying position to sitting, sighing and graoning. Subjects were videotrecorded as they performed a 6-standardized sequence of motions, simultanously researcher measured the time spent performing each motion and step length. Patients were asked torate their subjective pain score on the 10 mm graphic rating scale ranging from 'no pain' to 'sever pain'. For scoring of the pain behaviors, two trained nursing officiers independently and simutanously viewwd each videorecording and checked subject 'pain behaviors at the observational item checklist. The result of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Reability of the observational tool was a=.845. 2. Spearman's rho and percentage agreement were p=.97 and 81.7 persent respectively, that indicate adequate interrater reability of this tool. 3. The sensitivity rate of the tool was .875 while specificity rate .866 for differentiating patient from the normal. 4. When difference in the objective pain indices between patient group and control were compared, there was significant difference of all indices, such as pain behavior(t=7.71, p=.0001). spent time performing motion(t=14.2, p=.0001), step length (t=-10.72, p=.0001). 5. There were differences in the objective indices the subjective pain subgroups (low, medium, high). Differences in the mean score of objective pain behavior (F=6.376. p=.005) and spent time for moyion(F=4.631, p=.018). But there were no significant differences in the step length among the subgroups(F=.667, p=.521). 6. Highly correlated pain behavior items wiyh subjective pain score were 'stopped movement from lying position to sitting', 'limping', 'support with hands on sitting or standing', 'bracing', 'guarding' and 'walking with arms fixed'. In summary, although some of rho behavior items such as sighing and groaning in this study could not be observed because of videotaped datd, the reliability and validity of the over all observation method were satifactory. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate rye potetional utility of the tool in assessing objective pain complementing self-reported pain in low back pain patients.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.413-417
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• 2002

Mucocele is a mucous retention phenomenon which is caused by a laceration to the duct of minor salivary glands causing extravasation of mucin into the connective tissue forming a cyst-like space. Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands and chronic obstruction of salivary glands may also cause such a phenomenon. Mucocele is a smooth, rounded sessile mass with diameters varying from 1 to 15mm of sudden appearance. Mucocele tying directly beneath the mucosa may rupture spontaneously and decrease in size, but frequently recurs. Lower lip is most frequently affected, and the mouth floor and buccal vestibule may also be affected. Enucleation of the cyst is needed and removal of minor salivary glands, marsupialization and cryotherapy may also be done. The mucocele frequently recurs after its removal. A 1-year-old female patient visited the hospital with a complaint of a swelling on the lower lip since 4 months before. She had no pain history but 4 months ago, fell and such symptom appeared since then. On her first visit, a bullous solid, opaque lesion of 5mm in diameter was noted. Treatment choice of surgical approach and nonsurgical approach were explained to the guardian. Considering the patient's age, the guardian agreed to a nonsurgical procedure. Treatment was carried out by tieing 3-0 silk to the base of the lesion. One week later, the tie loosened and was re-tied. A week later, the mucocele disappeared. Mucocele on the lower lip may be usually be treated by surgical removal, but this may traumatize the surrounding minor salivary gland causing it to recur. Also, surgicial removal may induce an ischemic change causing sialometaplasia. In case of young patients or children with management problems, non-surgical methods such as this tie method may be used. This tie method does not need any local anesthesia and has no pain, no secondary infection, and low bleeding tendency.