• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to survey the job-related empowerment and job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians provide emergency patients with first aid, to examine the correlation between their empowerment and job satisfaction, and to provide basic materials for developing programs to enhance 119 emergency medical technicians' empowerment and job satisfaction. Methods : The survey was conducted with 249 119 emergency medical technicians working at fire stations in an area of Gyeonggi-do during the period from June 26 to August 21, 2009. Using SPSS 14.0 program, we obtained frequencies percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) The mean score of the subjects' empowerment was 3.32, and that of their job satisfaction was 2.94. 2) As to difference according to general characteristics, no statistically significant difference was observed in empowerment but job satisfaction was statistically significantly different according to gender(t = 2.296, p = .023). 3) As to difference according to job related characteristics, empowerment was significantly different according to license type(F = 3.767, p = .011), and job satisfaction was statistically significantly different according to position(t = 3.222, p = .042), fire fighting experience(t = 2.689, p = .035), and first aid experience(t = 3.991, p = .007). 4) Empowerment was in a positive correlation with job satisfaction(r = .502, p = .000) in general, and by the sub areas of job satisfaction, the correlation with empowerment was high in order of job itself(r = .695, p = .000), interaction area(r = .493, p = .000), organizational demand area(r = .328, p = .000), working condition area(r = .153, p = .015), and wage area(r = .137, p = .031). By the sub areas of empowerment, the correlation with job satisfaction was high in order of significance(r = .424, p = .000), influence(r = .397, p = .000), competence(r = .372, p = .000), and self determination(r = .259, p = .000). Conclusion : The 119 emergency medical technicians' empowerment was in a high correlation with their job satisfaction, and had a strong effect on it. This suggests that 119 emergency medical technicians' job performance can be enhanced by improving their empowerment. These results are expected to be useful in making human resource management plans to enhance 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction by empowering them.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2017

현재 국내 인구의 85% 이상이 스마트폰을 사용 중이며, 개인의 사생활과 다양한 정보들이 스마트폰 내부에 저장되어 있다. 이러한 정보를 불법으로 취득하고자 악성코드와 스파이웨어 등을 유포하여 사용자에게는 금전적인 피해를 입히는 사례들이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 스마트폰을 이용하는데 있어 정보보안의 필요성은 불가피하며 사용자의 보안 인식이 중요시 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 정보보안이 사용자들의 스마트폰 운영체제 선택에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 알아보고자 한다. 스마트폰 사용자를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 수집한 응답지 218개를 샘플로 통계분석 프로그램 IBM SPSS Statistics 22를 사용하여 요인분석을 통한 공통성, 신뢰성 분석 그리고 회귀분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 하드웨어 환경에 따라 지각된 용이성에 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 스마트폰의 사용을 통해 즐거움을 얻고 편하게 사용하고자 하는 소비자의 의도는 스마트폰의 하드웨어가 그 기능을 수행하기 위해 뒷받침되어야 함이 검증되었다. 또한 브랜드 영향력은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성에 모두 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 개인위험 감수정도에 따라 스마트폰 스파이웨어 위험성을 인지하는데 차이가 있다는 가설이 채택되었다. 또한 지각된 유용성, 지각된 용이성, 개인위험 감수정도, 스파이웨어 위험성이 스마트폰 구매의향에 유의한 영향을 준다는 것을 파악하였다. 한편 안드로이드와 iOS 운영체제(OS) 사용자의 집단간 차이분석 결과 두 집단 간에는 유의한 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내 스마트폰 관련 기업 및 실무자에게 중요한 시사점을 줄 수 있고, 정보시스템 관련 분야 연구에 새로운 관점을 제시해 줄 수 있다는 점에서 유용성을 가진다.

• 대한간호
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to describe the job retainment factors and the level of job satisfaction, and to identify the relationship between job retainment and the level of job satisfaction among the registered nurses working in hospitals. Four hundred eight registered nurses currently employed at 8 hospitals in Seoul were surveyed for the study. The 39 item, 5 point likert scale questionnare was developed by the researcher. The internal consistency of job satisfaction was. 86 and that of job retainment was. 90 in Cronbach's alpha test. The data sas collected from July 15 to July 30, 1993. The SPSS/PC+statistical program was used for data analysis. The descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the subjects, the level of job satisfaction and the job retainment factors was done. The relationship between the job satisfaction level and the job retainment factors was tested with. the Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis, and thd differences of job retainment scores among the sample was tested with t-test and ANDVA. The results of the study were summarized. 1. The mean age of the subjects was 29.7 years, 41.7% of them were married. 71.1% of them were 3 years course graduates, 71.8% of them were staff nurses, and the mean duration of experience was 6 years. 2. The factors related to professionalism(3.43), society(3.31), and interpersonal relationship(3.29) were significant in job retainment. The maximum score was 5.0 Two other factors, personal(3.05) and organization(2.83) factors, also showed relatively high scores. 3. The factors to the job satisfaction showed similar pattern as job retainment: professionalism (3.47), society (3.33), finance(3.31), interpersonal relationship(3.02), and organization(2.72). 4. Society related factors(r=.7420, p<.00l) and professionalism(r=.7249, p<.00l) had high correlation with job retainment. Personal(r=.6372, p<.001) and organizational(r=.3597, p<.001) factors had moderate relationship to job retainment. Finance(r=.3597, p<.00l) had significant but weak relationship to job retainment. 5. Age, marital status, job position, departmental involvement, experience, and continuity of employment of the sample showed significant differences in job retainment. However, the period of job retainment, number of children, educational level, type of hospital, previous employment experience were not significant. 6. lndiviuals older than 40 years of age, who were married, who held the position of charge or head nurse position, who worked in central supply or nursing administration showed significantly high job retainment score. This research indicates that the professionalism is the most significant factor in job retainment. In order to retain more experienced nurses, it is important to improve the profesionalism among nurses.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-50
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• 2007

이 연구는 현재의 영재교육이 성취영재를 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 상황에서 영재교육 대상자 선발에서 줄곧 제외되어 온 미성취영재에 대한 관심에서 출발하였다. 성취영재들과 유사한 지적 잠재력을 가지고 있으나, 교사추천과 검사결과에 의해 현재의 학업성취가 지적 잠재능력과 비교하여 현저한 편차를 보인다고 판단 된 미성취영재들의 학습전략 및 관련변인들을 살펴보았다. 즉, 미성취영재의 학습전략과 관련변인들이 성취영재와 어떻게 차별화되는가를 살펴보고, 이중 어느 변인이 두 집단을 가장 변별력 있게 구분하는가를 탐색하는 것이 이 연구의 초점이다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 초등학교 $5{\sim}6$학년 68명의 성취영재들과 34명의 미성취 영재들의 학습전략, 동기, 능력신념, 문제해결성향 등을 비교하였다. 연구결과 성취영재와 미성취영재들은 제시된 모든 변인들에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 판별분석 결과 학습전략, 동기, 능력신념, 문제해결성향 등은 판별적중률 77.5%로 성취영재집단과 미성취영재집단을 유의하게 구분하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이중 외재적 동기, 과제해결성향 등이 두 집단을 가장 잘 구분하는 변인임이 밝혀졌다. 이 연구가 미성취영재의 판별, 교육, 연구에 주는 시사점이 논의되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2003

Objectives : The 1990s has seen advances in the conceptualization of self-perceived health status which has important roles for individual health and the quality of life. Many types of standardized questionnaires have been developed with the current wide use of SF-36, NHP, andEuroQol. However, the outcomes of these tools may be different with regard to regional, cultural and emotional backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to trial the development of a Korean Health Profile (KHP 1.0) to measure the self-perceived health stati of Koreans. Methods : The KHP 1.0 was designed on the basis of the Medical Outcome Study Form 36 (SF-36), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and the EuroQOL. It was composed of 9 scales; physical functioning, role limitation-physical, pain, general health, energy, social isolation, sleep, role limitation-emotional, and e-motional health. Self-reported chronic disease conditions, and the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), were also checked for the evaluation of clinical validity. This study was conducted, from December 2000 to January 2001, on 800 middle-aged parents, with four high school students, with 100 retest sets being conducted two weeks later. From the 800 subjects there were 588 complete responses (effective response 73.5%). The reliability of the test-retest results, and the factor analysis on the validity of the KHP 1.0 components, were evaluated using the SPSS (ver 10.0) software. Results : The reliability of the KHP 1.0 was good with Cronbach's alpha (>0.6), test-retest correlation coefficients (>0.5), but with no significant differences from the paired t-test. From the psychometric validity tests, the 9 scales of the KHP 1.0 were divided into two components; physical and mental, and trimmed to the established model with 55% of the total variance, with the exception of role limitation-emotional. The clinical validity on the basis of the comparison for the four characteristic groups; healthy, physical conditions only, mental conditions only, and physical and mental conditions were also good. Conclusions : The KHP 1.0 appears to be a valid measurement tool of self-perceived health stati of Koreans, although there are limitations, i.e. sample size was too small, a limited number of middle-aged subjects, and it was based on unconfirmed diagnoses, etc. Therefore, further study is required to standardize the assessment.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.423-433
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• 2021

Purpose: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a method for promoting functional movements by facilitating neuromuscular responses through the stimulation of proprioceptors in the body using spiral and diagonal patterns. Irradiation, a basic principle of PNF, is a phenomenon in which the muscle activity of a body part caused by resistance is increased or spread into muscles in other parts via their connected muscles. Resistance training can be divided by body alignment into closed and open chain exercises. Methods: In this study, 19 healthy men in their 20s and 30s were selected as subjects. They performed PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation motions on their dominant side in an open chain exercise posture in which the nondominant sole was away from the wall, and in a closed chain exercise posture in which the sole was fixed to the wall. The nondominant leg's muscle activity was measured while resistance was maintained with applied pressure at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the maximum muscle strength in the last range of motions. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for a comparative analysis of the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the chain exercise postures and the intensity of resistance intensity during PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation. In addition, an independent sample T-test was conducted for a comparative analysis of each chain exercise posture according to the intensity of resistance. A one-way ANOVA and a Scheffe post-hoc test were also performed to analyze the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the intensity of resistance in the closed and open chain exercise postures. Results: Results of the two-way ANOVA found that the gluteus medius and the biceps femoris had statistically significant differences in both the chain exercise postures and resistance intensity (p<0.05), and that the vastus medialis and the gastrocnemius did not exhibit statistically significant differences in the chain exercise postures (p>0.05) but showed statistically significant differences in resistance intensity (p<0.05). As a result of the independent sample T-test, the application of the PNF hip flexion-abduction-internal rotation pattern led to a statistically significant difference in the contralateral gluteus medius during the closed chain exercise posture (p<0.05). According to the results of the one-way ANOVA and the Scheffe post-analysis, statistically significant differences were observed in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 75%, vastus medialis at 100%, and gastrocnemius at 100% during the closed chain exercise posture based on a resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the open chain exercise posture, statistically significant differences were found in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 50%, and vastus medialis at 75% based on the resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the same posture, there was no significant difference in the gastrocnemius's resistance intensity (p>0.05). Conclusion: When the PNF leg pattern is applied, each muscle requires effective chain exercise postures and resistance intensity to generate the contralateral leg muscle's irradiation.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2002

This longitudinal quasi-experimental research was conducted to develop parent role education program and to evaluate the effect of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their healthy mothers. The sample consisted of eighteen mother-infant dyads for intervention group and sixteen dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th in 1999 to Jun 20th in 2000. The intervention group received programmed education consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting care. But control group were collected data without programmed education. In this study, the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale(NCATS) devised by Barnard was used to determine the mother-infant interaction, HOME was used to determine the childrearing environment, and Griffiths mental development scale was used to determine the infant development. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. This study was focused on the results of twelve months time point. Summaries of the results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in mother-infant interaction(NCATS) between intervention group and control group. But both of two groups showed significantly higher in interaction score at twelve months than at six months in the subscales of social-emotional growth fostering, and responsiveness to caregiver. 2. There was no significant difference in childrearing environment(HOME) between two groups at twelve months. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of maternal involvement with child(p=.001), and maternal emotional-verbal responsivity(p=.048). 3. There was no significant difference in GQ of the Griffiths mental development scale between two groups, although significant difference was found in performance subscale. 4. Infant development at twelve months showed significant correlation with mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at six months, although mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at twelve months did not show significant correlations with infant development at twelve months. 5. Developmental scores at six months showed significant correlations with variety in daily stimulation, and mother's emotional, verbal responsivity, whereas developmental scores at twelve months showed significant correlations with acceptance of child behavior at six months, and appropriate play material at twelve months. In conclusion, the maternal education program for primipara showed long term effect in some categories in organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. We suggest further study and implications of parent role education program for high risk parents such as parents in low economic status or with premature babies.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2010

This study is aimed to test physiological and hematological actions of Rheum palmatum through clinical pilot study optimized for usual oriental medicine prescription. Thirty-one cases were finally collected and the sample extract 100 $m{\ell}$ of Rheum palmatum (ERP) was administered two times in a day during 3 days and checked with blood CBC test, urinalysis, liver function test, abdominal X-ray as well as general diagnostic process of oriental medicine; pattern identification, assessment of shapes and constitution. The total toxic effective rate of ERP was 9.68% in 3 cases of the whole in case of consistent uneasy state in the subjective symptomatic assessment and aggravation of blood and urine examination. The relevant diagnostic factors were so-eum constitution and essence type subject, carapaces species, lung type in the aspect of Jisan shape theory. On the other hand, the positive effective rate of ERP was 29.03% manifesting improvement of vital signs or present illness and no abnormal changes of blood chemistry and urinalysis and simple abdomen radiology. The relevant diagnostic factors were tae-eum constitution, energy type subject, aves species, heart and liver type in Jisan's shape theory. And the other cases were manifesting no specific change through the administration of ERP. The ratio of the numbers of decrease and increase was 44:5 in the tenderness and hardness of abdominal palpation. But if the pattern identification doesn't comply with the aim of rhubarb application despite of constipation and abdominal pain, the tendeness and biochemical report was shown in abnormal change. The mean number of diarrhea by ERP was $16.77{\pm}6.95$ during 3 days after administration, and the frequent areas of abdominal pain were lower>middle>upper in order, and it meant the target site of ERP too. Besides, the toxic reaction against ERP was expressed highly in case of decrease in blood cell count and hemoglobin, hematocrit having blood deficiency syndrome. Likewise, the toxicity of ERP was influenced by pattern identification manifesting present disease condition and diagnostic factors of four constitutions, Jisan's shape theory collaterally. In conclusion, evaluation of herbal toxicity in order for using as a clinical guideline, various diagnostic pattern information and shape features like the above should be studied together with other pharmacologic toxicology test for the future.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.438-447
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 지역 특화 주제형 과학동아리 활동이 학생들의 과학적 태도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구 대상은 우리나라 남부에 있는 소도시 소재 2개의 인문계 고등학교에 재학생 중인 92명이었다. 연구를 위해 지역 특화 주제를 정하여 운영하는 2개의 과학동아리 46명을 실험집단, 지역 특화 주제를 정하지 않고 일반적인 수업을 운영하는 2개의 과학동아리 46명을 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 조사 내용은 과학에 대한 정의적 영역 중 과학적 태도와 관련된 검사지를 이용하여 대응표본 t-검증과 독립집단 t-검증을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 지역 특화 주제형 과학동아리 활동은 학생들의 과학적 태도에 긍정적인 효과를 나타냈다. 실험집단과 통제집단 모두 과학적 태도의 평균점수가 동아리를 운영하기 전보다 향상되었지만 지역 특화 주제를 운영한 실험집단의 상승 폭이 통제집단의 상승 폭보다 더 컸으며, 통계적으로도 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 지역 특화 주제형 과학동아리 활동이 일상생활의 문제를 해결하는 학교, 가정, 사회 상황에서의 과학적 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 동아리 운영 전후에 실시한 검사 결과 통제집단에서는 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 지역 특화 주제를 운영한 실험집단에서는 가정과 학교 상황에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 지역 특화 주제형 과학동아리 활동이 학생들의 과학적 태도에 많은 긍정적 영향을 끼치므로, 현장에서 과학동아리를 운영하는데 있어 하나의 프로그램으로 고려될 수 있다는 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.147-165
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• 2009

Virtual community(VC) will increasingly be organized as commercial enterprises, with the objective of earning an attractive financial return by providing members with valuable resources and environment. For example, Cyworld.com in Korea uses several community services to enable customers of Cyworld to take control of their own value as potential purchasers of products and services. Although initial adoption is important for online network service success, it does not necessarily result in the desired managerial performance unless the initial usage is continuously related to the continuous usage and purchase. Particularly, the customer who receives relevant online services and is well equipped with online network services, will trust the online service provider and perceive less risk and experience more activities such as continuous usage and purchase. Thus, how to promote continued online service usage or, alternatively, how to prevent discontinuance is a critical issue for VC service providers to consider. By aggregating a wide range of information and online environments for customers and providing trust to its members, the service providers of virtual communities help to reduce the perceived risk of continuous usage and purchase. Drill down, online service managers realize that achieving strong and sustained customers who continuously use online service and purchase on it is crucial. Therefore, the research into this online service continuance will identify the relationship between the initial usage and the continuous usage and purchase. The research of continuous usage or post adoption has recently emerged as an important issue in the IS literature. Individuals' information systems(IS) continuous usage decisions are congruent with consumers' repeat purchase decisions. The TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) paradigm has been strongly confirmed across a wide range from product purchase on EC to online service usage contexts. The analysis of IS usage based on TAM has proven to be successful across almost online service contexts. However, most of previous studies have focused on only an area (i.e., VC or EC). Just little research has tried to analyze the relationship between VC and EC. The effect of some factors on user intention, captured through several theories such as TAM, has been demonstrated. Yet, few studies have explored the salient relationships of VC users' EC acceptance. To fill this gap between VC and EC research, this paper attempts to develop a research model that extends the TAM perspective in view of the additional contributions of trust in the service provider and trust in members on some factors that affect EC and VC adoption. In this extension, we applied the TAM-to-TAM(T2T) model, and analyzed the transfer effect of trust between these two TAMs. The research model was empirically tested on the context of a social network service. The model was to extend TAM with the trust concept for the virtual community environment from the perspective of tasks. By building an extended model of TAM and examining the relationships between trust and the existing variables of TAM, it is aimed to explain a user's continuous intention to use VC and purchase on EC. The unit of analysis in this paper is an individual user of a virtual community. The population of interest is the individual with the experiences in virtual community. The data for this paper was made available via a Web survey of VC users. In total, 281 cases were gathered for about one week, but there were some missing values in the sample and there were some inappropriate cases. Thus, only 248 cases were finally analyzed. We chose the structural equation analysis to test the hypotheses and it is better suited for explaining complex relationships than the other methods. In this test, AMOS was used to test the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Noticeable results have been found in the T2T model regarding the factors affecting the intention to use of virtual community and loyalty. Our result showed that trust transfer plays a key role in forming the two adoption beliefs. Overall, this study preliminarily confirms the salience of trust transfer in online service.