• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1371-1378
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relation of trait anger and anger expression to blood pressure, cholesterol, and depression in middle-aged Korean women. Methods: This descriptive correlational design was conducted using a convenient sample taken from the health center of K University Hospital located in Kyungki province, Korea. The subjects were 252 women aged 40 to 64 years. Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory - Korean version and Beck's depression inventory were used for measuring trait anger, state anger, anger expression and depression. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, two-way ANOVA, and cluster analysis using a pc-SAS program. Results: The anger expression types by cluster analysis were Anger out/in type, Low anger expression type, and Anger control type. The level of cholesterol and depression were significantly higher in women with high anger in and high trait anger. In addition, the level of depression was significantly higher in women with a high anger temperament. Conclusions: Trait anger and anger in might be related to cholesterol and depression in women. However, this study does not reveal the relation between blood pressure and trait anger and anger expression.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.463-469
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• 2020

People enjoy more leisure time these days as the government introduced the workweek last year and there is a growing interest on living healthy life. Amidst such change in society, trekking in forest has gained popularity along more people spending leisure time by walking for health. As a result, there are many scenic trails being built using wood deck. Usually certain parts of trails are built with wood deck where the path maybe too dangerous for walking or where nature needs to be protected. However wood material used for deck is easily prone to defects which can lead to safety issues. This study aims to understand the differences by materials used for wood deck and to investigate a link between different materials used and causes for defect occurrence. And further, the study aims to identify materials and construction methods for high workability and safety. The study was able to conclude that different materials used and different construction methods of applied for wood deck yield different results in terms of workability and defect occurrence.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

The acoustic vowel space has been used as an acoustic parameter in dysarthric speech. The aim of this work was to examine mathematical formulae for acoustic vowel space and to apply these to Korean speakers with idiopathic Parkinson's disease(IPD). Five acoustic parameters were chosen from earlier works and one new parameter was proposed, the pentagonal vowel space. The six parameters included triangular vowel space (3 area), irregular quadrilateral vowel space (4 area), irregular pentagonal vowel space (5 area), vowel articulatory index (VAI), formant centralization ratio (FCR) and F2i/F1u ratio (F2 ratio). An experimental group of 32 IPD patients(male:female=16:16) and a control group of twenty healthy people (male:female=8:12) participated in the study and repeated vowels (/a-i-u-e-o/) three times. A correlation analysis was performed among the six parameters, 2-way ANOVA was done with gender and groups as independent factors, and an independent sample t-test was conducted between the male and the female group as post hoc comparison. All parameters were highly correlated with each other and only the FCR showed a high negative correlation with the others. The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in F2 ratio, 3 area, 4 area and 5 area between gender and in 4 area and 5 area between groups. For the male members of the two groups, significant statistical differences were found in all parameters whereas no such differences were found for the female members. These findings indicated that the vowel space of the female group was wider than the vowel space of the male group. These differences may have been caused by gender-specific speech styles rather than by patho-physiological mechanisms. We also claim that the pentagonal vowel space is better than the other vowel spaces at representing the disordered speech in natural speech situations.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to decide the most appropriate point on tragus to be used as a reference point at time of marking ala tragus line while establishing occlusal plane. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The data was collected in two groups of subjects: 1) Dentulous 2) Edentulous group having sample size of 30 for each group with equal gender distribution (15 males, 15 females each). Downs analysis was used for base value. Lateral cephalographs were taken for all selected subjects. Three points were marked on tragus as Superior (S), Middle (M), and Inferior (I) and were joined with ala (A) of the nose to form ala-tragus lines. The angle formed by each line (SA plane, MA plane, IA plane) with Frankfort Horizontal (FH) plane was measured by using custom made device and modified protractor in all dentulous and edentulous subjects. Also, in dentulous subjects angle between Frankfort Horizontal plane and natural occlusal plane was measured. The measurements obtained were subjected to the following statistical tests; descriptive analysis, Student's unpaired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS. The results demonstrated, the mean angle COO (cant of occlusal plane) as $9.76^{\circ}$, inferior point on tragus had given the mean angular value of IFH [Angle between IA plane (plane formed by joining inferior point-I on tragus and ala of nose- A) and FH plane) as $10.40^{\circ}$ and $10.56^{\circ}$ in dentulous and edentulous subjects respectively which was the closest value to the angle COO and was comparable with the values of angle COO value in Downs analysis. Angulations of ala-tragus line marked from inferior point with occlusal plane in dentulous subject had given the smallest value $2.46^{\circ}$ which showed that this ala-tragus line was nearly parallel to occlusal plane. CONCLUSION. The inferior point marked on tragus is the most appropriate point for marking ala-tragus line.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to explore the mediating effect of the nursing professionalism in the relationship between nurse's character and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients in the tertiary hospital nurses. Methods: This study used a crosssectional descriptive design. The participants were 129 nurses from two tertiary hospitals. The questionnaire consisted of tools measuring clinical nursing personality, nursing professionalism and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients in the tertiary hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple linear regression. Results: There were significant relationships between nurse's character and nursing professionalism (r=.59, p<.001), nurse's character and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients (r=.54, p<.001), and nursing professionalism and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients (r=.54, p<.001). In the relationship between nurse's character and nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients, nursing professionalism had a partial mediating effect. Conclusion: This current study suggests that strategies for improving nursing professionalism in nurses should be considered when developing an educational program for enhancing their nursing intention caring for high risk pathogen infected patients.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among a group of community dwelling elderly. Methods: Two-hundred and twenty-nine elderly living in a community and diagnosed with MCI were recruited. Participants were evaluated with various instruments such as the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and the Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K). Korean medicine treatment consisted of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and pharmacoacupuncture. The change in cognitive ability was assessed by using the MMSE-DS and the MoCA-K. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 22.0 using the paired t-test, and the ANOVA. Results: The MMSE-DS and the MoCA-K score generally increased after six months of Korean medicine treatment and the differences in both instruments were statistically significant. Additionally, some consecutive participants maintained long-term cognitive improvement. When analyzed specifically by herbal medicine group based on syndrome differentiation and pharmacoacupuncture group, most showed improvement in the MMSE-DS and the MoCA-K but not all data were statistically significant. The satisfaction score was mostly high and most participants were willing to re-participate in the program. Conclusions: Korean medicine treatment may contribute to the improvement and prevention of cognitive decline in the elderly. However, further systematic research based on large scale sample data and standardized protocols is needed to uplift the welfare and mental health of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.255-269
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• 2021

Objectives: Subjective well-being is a representative indicator of quality of life. Work and life are not separated, and work itself is a part of life. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of psychological resources such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, GRIT, and resilience on the subjective career success and subjective well-being in dental hygienists. Methods: From November 12, 2020 to December 30, 2020, an online survey was conducted on 650 dental hygienists, and data from 630 were analyzed. For the analysis, independent two-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed, and the confirmatory factor analysis and measurement model, construct validity, construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were confirmed. This was verified using a structural equation model. SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used for the statistical analyses; p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The final model fit was found to be suitable. There was no significant difference in subjective career success with respect to the personal characteristics and career characteristics, except for total career and number of turnovers. There was no significant difference in subjective well-being according to personal characteristics and career characteristics. Psychological resources such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, GRIT, and resilience were significant for subjective career success (p<0.05, R²=0.637). Subjective career success was significant for subjective well-being (p<0.05, R²=0.378). Among the psychological resources, self-esteem had both direct and indirect effects on subjective well-being (p<0.05). Conclusions: Positive psychological resources, rather than external conditions, are an important prerequisite for subjective career success and subjective well-being. Thus, it is proven that work is a part of life.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2021

This study aims to understand why the sales volume and the number of visitors are different in each rural tourism village. The study considered that the management and operation of rural tourism villages is one of the major influencing factors. To prove this, the study determined what factors were related to the management and operation of villages and derived detailed items to evaluate them. In the study, the researchers conducted an in-depth interview and a literature review on the management and operation of rural tourism villages in Yangpyeong-gun. They also performed a case study on the Sumi village, one of the successfully managed and operated villages in Yangpyeong-gun, to determine the detailed items. As a result, seven factors were identified. These factors comprise operation entity, governance, shared vision, leadership, efficient role-playing, marketing efforts, and equity in profit distribution. Based on these seven factors, 85 of the evaluation items were developed. The management and operation scores of 85 items were measured and summed for each of the 21 rural tourism villages. First, 21 villages were divided into two groups by the sales figures to derive items to determine the difference in the mean value of the evaluation scores. Second, an independent sample t-test was conducted for each village at YangPyeong-gun. Third, the study divided the 21 villages into four groups using 46 evaluation items. Finally, the study's researchers clarified some challenges to solve and appropriate management and operation plans considering each type of rural tourism village.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2021

Background: Patients who have rotator cuff arthropathy experience a limited range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint and experience problems in performing their daily activities; however, no evidence is available to suggest the exact ROM of the shoulder joint in this population. Therefore, this study sought to determine the degree of motion of the shoulder joint in three planes during different activities. Methods: Five subjects with rotator cuff injuries participated in this study. The motion of the shoulder joints on both the involved and normal sides was assessed by a motion analysis system while performing forward abduction (task 1), flexion (task 2), and forward flexion (task 3). The OpenSIM software program was used to determine the ROM of the shoulder joints on both sides. The difference between the ranges of motion was determined using a two-sample t-test. Results: The ROMs of the shoulder joint in task 1 were 93.5°±16.5°, 72.1°±2.6°, and 103.9°±25.7° for flexion, abduction, and rotation, respectively, on the normal side and 28°±19.8°, 31°±31.56°, and 48°±33.5° on the involved side (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the flexion/extension and rotation movements of the shoulder joint when performing task 1. However, the difference between flexion and rotation movements of the shoulder joints for the second task was significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Those with rotator cuff arthropathy have functional limitations due to muscle weakness and paralysis, especially during the vertical reaching task. However, although these individuals have decreased ROM for transverse reaching tasks, the reduction was not significant.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.150-161
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of build orientations and density of support structures on the trueness of the 3D printed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A maxillary Kennedy class III and mandibular class I casts were 3D scanned and used to design and produce two 3D virtual models of RPD frameworks. Using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, 47 RPD frameworks were fabricated at 3 different build orientations (100, 135 and 150-degree angles) and 2 support structure densities. All frameworks were scanned and 3D compared to the original virtual RPD models by metrology software to check 3D deviations quantitatively and qualitatively. The accuracy data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA for build orientation comparison and independent sample t-test for structure density comparison at (α = .05). Points study analysis targeting RPD components and representative color maps were also studied. RESULTS. The build orientation of 135-degree angle of the maxillary frameworks showed the lowest deviation at the clasp arms of tooth 26 of the 135-degree angle group. The mandibular frameworks with 150-degree angle build orientation showed the least deviation at the rest on tooth 44 and the arm of the I-bar clasp of tooth 45. No significant difference was seen between different support structure densities. CONCLUSION. Build orientation had an influence on the accuracy of the frameworks, especially at a 135-degree angle of maxillary design and 150-degree of mandibular design. The difference in the support's density structure revealed no considerable effect on the accuracy.