• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.684_685
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• 2009

A digital sampling algorithm that uses a two high resolution integrating Voltmeters which are synchronized by Phase Lock Loop (PLL) time clock for accurately measuring the parameters, active and reactive power, for sinusoidal power measurements is presented. The PLL technique provides high precision measurements, root mean square (rms), phase and complex voltage ratio, of the AC signal. The system has been designed to be used at the Korean Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) as a reference power standard for electrical power calibrations. The test results have shown that the accuracy of the measurements is better than $10 {\mu}W/VA$ and the level of uncertainty is valid for the power factor range zero to 1 for both lead and lag conditions. The system is fully automated and allows power measurements and calibration of high precision wattmeters and power calibrators at the main power frequencies 50 and 60 Hz.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.188-200
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• 2001

This paper presents a technique for reconstructing converter line currents using the information from a single current sensor in the DC-link for voltage-source PWM converters. When three-Phase input currents cannot be reconstructed, three methods to acquire the input current are compared. Two of them are methods of modifying the switching state (I, II), another is a method of using the predictive state observer. Also, compensation of sampling delay, and a simultaneous sample value of input currents in the center of a switching period are included. Suitable criteria for the comparison are identified, and the differences in the performance of these methods are investigated through experimental results for a typical V-S PWM converter rated at 10kVA.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1324-1331
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• 2014

This paper proposes a compensation PWM technique for the extension of output voltage ranges in three-phase VSI applications using three shunt resistors. The proposed technique aims to solve the dead zone, which occurs in high modulation indexes. In the dead zone, two phase currents cannot be sampled correctly, so that the three-phase VSI cannot be operated up to the maximum output voltage. The dead zone is analyzed in detail, and the compensation PWM algorithm is developed. The proposed algorithm is verified by numerical analysis and experimental results.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in non-invasive detection and characterization of primary and metastatic lesions in the liver. Recently, efforts have been made to improve spatial and temporal resolution of DCE liver MRI for arterial phase imaging. Review of recent publications related to arterial phase imaging of the liver indicates that there exist primarily two approaches: breath-hold and free-breathing. For breath-hold imaging, acquiring multiple arterial phase images in a breath-hold is the preferred approach over conventional single-phase imaging. For free-breathing imaging, a combination of three-dimensional (3D) stack-of-stars golden-angle sampling and compressed sensing parallel imaging reconstruction is one of emerging techniques. Self-gating can be used to decrease respiratory motion artifact. This article introduces recent MRI technologies relevant to hepatic arterial phase imaging, including differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering (DISCO), golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP), and X-D GRASP. This article also describes techniques related to dynamic 3D image reconstruction of the liver from golden-angle stack-of-stars data.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2012

This paper presents a fast switching direct torque control (FS-DTC) using only a single DC-link current sensor. In FS-DTC, six new active voltage complex space vectors (CSVs) are synthesized by the conventional active voltage space vectors (SVs). The corresponding sectors are rotated in the anticlockwise direction by 30 degrees. A selection table is defined to select the CSVs. Based on the "Different Phase Mode", the output sequence of the selected CSV is optimized. Accordingly, a reconstruction method is proposed to acquire the phase currents. The core of the FS-DTC is that all of the three phase currents can be reliably reconstructed during every two sampling periods, which is the result of the fast switching between different phases. The errors between the reconstructed and actual currents are strictly limited in one sampling period. The FS-DTC has the advantages of the standard DTC scheme such as simple structure, quick torque response and robustness. As can be seen in the analysis, the FS-DTC can be thought of as an equivalent standard DTC scheme with 86.6% of the maximum speed, 173.2% of the torque ripple, and 115% of the response time of the torque. Based on a dSPACE DS1103 controller, the FS-DTC is implemented in an induction machine drive system. The results verify the effectiveness of the FS-DTC.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

PAJU Book City Plan was designed to integrate two concepts of "Publishing Productive City" and "Ecological City" with the goal of "bringing of human being and nature together". This research on the post occupancy evaluation on PAJU Book City has two aims; One is to define how people, mainly working there rather than living, recognize the city and the other is to identify the problems resulted from the first phase of planning process and to suggest feasible solutions at the same time. It would be desirable that the outcome of this research should be used as data sources to improve the second phase of the plan. The evaluation criteria were created by the pre-survey on the basis of previous researches and "Pa Ju publishing city architectural design guide book (1999)". With those criteria, on-site questionnaire was conducted among people who work in PAJU Book City and stratified sampling was used for the proper sampling. The result is as follows; the visual-aesthetic criteria had positive response, which also closely related to a city satisfaction. Considering this result, construction type, circumferential environment of the building and a place of building form were found appropriate. The evaluation on the physical-ecological criteria was relatively low. Respondents were unsatisfied with green space and required better ecological waterway and more roadside tree. As green space was given a lot of weight in satisfaction survey, more green urban areas should be planned in the next phase. The evaluation on the social-behavior criteria got the lowest score. Particularly, the accessibility and convenient facilities were remarkably low. Nonetheless, the self-conceit about PAJU Book City was highly evaluated and played a crucial role in a city satisfaction. In order to achieve the goal, physical beauty, characteristics as a publication city as well as an ecologically sustainable city should be main agenda in the second phase of Paju Book City Plan. Consequently, it is important to strike a balance between the external environment and image media in order that PAJU Book City should be re-born as a culture city.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

본 논문은 2단 샘플링을 통해 정확도는 줄지만 신속하게 연관규칙을 추출하는 새로운 마이닝 알고리즘을 제안한다. 직전 연구인 FAST(Finding Association by Sampling Technique) 기법은 빈발1항목만 최적샘플 형성과정에 적용하여 빈발2항목 및 그이상의 빈발항목을 샘플 추출에 반영하지 못하였다. 이 논문은 그러한 약점을 보완하여 트리밍 과정에서 손실항목과 오류항목의 비중을 동시에 고려하여 다수 빈발항목에 대한 마이닝의 정확성을 높였다. 대표적인 데이터 세트를 써서 실험한 결과 이전연구와 비교해서 동일한 품질하에서 새 알고리즘의 정확도가 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.478-491
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• 1987

본 논문에서는 정현파 입력 신호의 위상을 PGZC(Positive Going Zero Crossing)에 대해 주기당 한번씩 추적하는 디지털 위상동기회로(DPLL)의 성능 개선을 위해 반주기마다 표본화를 행함으로써 위상오차를 감소시킬 수 있는 DPLL을 제시하였다. 제안된 DPLL은 두개의 샘플러에 의해 정현파 입력 신호의 위상을 PGZG에 대해 주기당 2회씩 추적함으로써 기존의 DPLL보다 동기대역의 손실없이 정상상태 위상오차 변동의 범위를 전체적으로 1/2 정도 감소시킬 수 있었다. 또한, 연속 표본간의 오차간격과 양자화 레벨이 동일할 경우에 있어서 반주기 표본화를 이용하는 DPLL이 기존의 DPLL보다 빠른 동기를 이루게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 이 제시된 루우프에 대한 해석 결과를 실제적으로 요구되는 조건들에 대하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 행함으로써 검증하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2013

입력 신호보다 낮은 주파수로 표본화하는 BPS (bandpass sampling) 기술은 별도의 주파수 하향 변환기를 사용하지 않고 표본화 처리만으로 기저 대역 신호를 얻을 수 있으므로 수신기 회로를 간소화할 수 있어 유리하다. 표본화 장치를 2개 사용하는 2차 BPS 방식은 aliasing 현상에 의하여 기저 대역에서 간섭이 발생하더라도 표본화된 두 가지 BPS 신호 사이의 관계를 이용하여 간섭 성분을 제거할 수 있다. 이 때 사용되는 interpolant 필터는 두 BPS 신호 사이의 위상을 조절하는 것으로서, 간섭 제거 성능을 결정하는 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 다중 대역으로부터 여러 개의 간섭 신호가 aliasing으로 유입될 때 하나의 interpolant 필터를 사용하면서 이들을 한꺼번에 제거할 수 있는 다중 대역 interpolant 필터를 제안하였다. 또한 제거할 간섭 신호가 없는 경우에는 수신하려는 신호 성분의 세기를 증대시킴으로써 신호의 품질을 3dB 개선시키는 방안을 제안하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 제안된 방법이 타당함을 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.362-377
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• 2014

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been of particular concern since they are present both in the vapor and particulate phases in ambient air. In this study, a simple method was applied to determine the vapor phase PAHs, and the performance of the new method was evaluated with a conventional method. The simple method was based on adsorption sampling and thermal desorption with GC/MS analysis, which is generally applied to the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air. A combination of Carbotrap (300 mg) and Carbotrap-C (100 mg) sorbents was used as the adsorbent. Target compounds included two rings PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and acenaphthene. Among them, naphthalene was listed as one of the main HAPs together with a number of VOCs in petroleum refining industries in the USA. For comparison purposes, a method based on adsorption sampling and solvent extraction with GC/MS analysis was adopted, which is in principle same as the NIOSH 5515 method. The performance of the adsorption sampling and thermal desorption method was evaluated with respect to repeatabilities, detection limits, linearities, and storage stabilities for target compounds. The analytical repeatabilities of standard samples are all within 20%. Lower detection limits was estimated to be less than 0.1 ppbv. In the results from comparison studies between two methods for real air samples. Although the correlation coefficients were more than 0.9, a systematic difference between the two groups was revealed by the paired t-test (${\alpha}$=0.05). Concentrations of two-rings PAHs determined by adsorption and thermal desorption method consistently higher than those by solvent extraction method. The difference was caused by not only the poor sampling efficiencies of XAD-2 for target PAHs and but also sample losses during the solvent extraction and concentration procedure. This implies that the levels of lower molecular PAHs tend to be underestimated when determined by a conventional PAH method utilizing XAD-2 (and/or PUF) sampling and solvent extraction method. The adsorption sampling and thermal desorption with GC analysis is very simple, rapid, and reliable for lower-molecular weight PAHs. In addition, the method can be used for the measurement of VOCs in the air simultaneously. Therefore, we recommend that the determination of naphthalene, the most volatile PAH, will be better when it is measured by a VOC method instead of a conventional PAH method from a viewpoint of accuracy.