• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.2491-2498
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• 2020

The paper concentrates on an experimental study of the pressure drop in double-layered packed beds formed by glass spheres, having the configuration of horizontal and vertical stratification. Both single-phase and two-phase flow tests are performed. The pressure drop during the test is recorded and the measured data are compared with those of homogeneous beds consisting of mono-size particles. The results show that for the horizontally stratified bed with fine particles atop coarse particles, the pressure drop in top layer is found higher than those of homogenous bed consisting of the same smaller size particles, while the measured pressure drop of bottom part is similar with those of similar homogenous bed. But for the homologous bed with upside-down structure, the stratification has little or no effect on the pressure drop of the horizontally stratified bed, and the pressure drop of each layer is almost same as that of homogeneous bed packed with corresponding spheres. Additionally, in vertically stratified bed, the pressure drops on the left and right side is almost equal and between those in homogeneous beds. It is speculated that vertically stratified structure may lead to lateral flow which redistributes the flow rate in different parts of packed bed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1730-1735
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• 2003

The plume-induced shock wave is a complex phenomenon, consisting of plume-induced boundary layer separation, separated shear layer, multiple shock waves, and their interactions. The knowledge base of plume interference effect on powered missiles and flight vehicles is not yet adequate to get an overall insight of the flow physics. Computational studies are performed to better understand the flow physics of the plume-induced shock and separation particularly at high plume to exit pressure ratio. Test model configurations are a simplified missile model and two rounded and porous afterbodies to simulate moderately and highly underexpanded exhaust plumes at the transonic/supersonic speeds. The result shows that the rounded afterbody and porous wall attached at the missile base can alleviate the plume-induced shock wave phenomenon, and improve the control of the missile body.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.621-626
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 정해를 구하기 어려운 이질의 세개의 층으로 된 비피압대수층 내에서의 물의 비정상유동에 대한 이론 및 실험에 대하여 연구하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.1654-1659
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• 2017

The boundary layer of a two-dimensional forced convective flow along a persistent moving horizontal needle in an electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic dissipative nanofluid was numerically investigated. The energy equation was constructed with Joule heating, viscous dissipation, uneven heat source/sink, and thermal radiation effects. We analyzed the boundary layer behavior of a continuously moving needle in Blasius (moving fluid) and Sakiadis (quiescent fluid) flows. We considered Cu nanoparticles embedded in methanol. The reduced system of governing Partial differential equations (PDEs) was solved by employing the Runge-Kutta-based shooting process. Computational outcomes of the rate of heat transfer and friction factors were tabulated and discussed. Velocity and temperature descriptions were examined with the assistance of graphical illustrations. Increasing the needle size did not have a significant influence on the Blasius flow. The heat transfer rate in the Sakiadis flow was high compared with that in the Blasius flow.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 1984

This analysis of numerical procedure is prediction of laminar flow and heat transfer at two dimension and steady flow in asymmetric sudden expansion channel. At former study, to analyse the flows with separation, the full Navier-Stokes equation is used, but there are many difficulties to analyse, and although significant progress has been made in the development of efficient computational methods for the Navier-Stokes equations, very large computation times are still required. In case of reward-facing flow, boundary-layer equation is used instead of full Navier-Stokes equation to analyse velocity fields, and result of this numerical analysis is good agreement with the given experimental study. In this case, since the computer time required for the boundary-layer calculation is an order of magnitude less than required for the solution of the full Navier-Stokes equation, this boundary-layer model provides a good approximate solution.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2010

The creation of the hydraulic turbine flow factor map will undoubtedly benefit its design by decreasing both the design cycle time and product cost. In this paper, the geometry and flow variables, which effectively affect the flow factor, are proposed, analyzed and determined. These flow variables are further used to create the operating condition maps by using different model approaches categorized into Response Surface Method (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The accuracies of models created by different approaches are compared and the performances of model approaches are analyzed. The influences of chosen variables and the combination of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and model approaches are also studied. The comparison results between predicted and actual flow factors suggest that two-hidden-layer Feed-forward Neural Network (FFNN), and one.hidden-layer FFNN with PCA has the best performance on forming this mapping, and are accurate sufficiently for hydraulic turbine design.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.585-590
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• 2000

The hydrodynamic instability of the three-dimensional boundary layer on a rotating disk introduces a periodic modulation of the mean flow in the form of stationary cross flow vortices. Detailed numerical values of the growth rates, neutral curves and other characteristics of the two instabilities have been calculated over a wide range of parameters. Presented are the neutral stability results concerning the two instability modes by solving new linear stability equations reformulated not only by considering whole convective terms but by correcting some errors in the previous stability equations. The present stability results are agree with the previously known ones within reasonable limit. The flow is found to be always stable for a disturbance whose dimensionless wave number at Re=1200 is greater than 0.75. Also, the spatial amplification contours have been calculated for the moving disturbance wave, whose azimuth angle is between ${\varepsilon}=15^{\circ}$ and $12.5^{\circ}$.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2022

후향단차 수공구조물의 모서리에서는 흐름분리가 발생하며 이로 인해 형성되는 전단층과 재순환 흐름 영역에서의 흐름은 복잡한 난류가 지배적이다. 물리적으로 안정하면서 성능이 보장되는 구조물 설계를 위해서는 이러한 난류 흐름의 거동을 정확하게 예측하고 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 공학적으로 널리 이용되고 있는 대표적인 난류 모형인 k-ω SST 모형과 RNG k-ε 모형을 이용한 3차원 RANS 계산을 통해서 개수로에 설치된 후향단차를 통과하는 난류 흐름을 레이놀즈 수 23,400과 후르드 수 0.22의 조건에서 수치모의하고, 해석 결과를 기존 실험자료와 비교 분석하여 수치해석의 성능을 평가하고자 한다. 두 가지 난류 모형을 이용하여 구한 평균유속 분포를 보면 모두 경계층에서 관측된 실험값을 양호하게 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 재순환 영역 상부에서 계산된 평균유속을 보면 RNG k-ε 모형이 k-ω SST 모형보다 중앙부에서의 유속을 약 5% 정도 크게 계산하는 것으로 나타났다. 난류 통계량 관점에서 보면 두 난류 모형 모두 단차 모서리 직하류에서 흐름 분리로 인해 발생하는 레이놀즈 전단응력을 현저히 과소산정하는 한편, 재부착점 하류에서는 실험값을 상대적으로 양호하게 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. RNG k-ε 모형은 수로 바닥 부근 경계층에서의 전단응력 분포를 k-ω SST 모형보다는 우수한 정확도로 실험값을 계산하는 반면에 접근수로 경계층에서 그리고 단차 하류부에서는 경계층 상부에서 전단응력을 과대 산정하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2019

Paldang is a river reservoir in the Midwest of Korea, which is a drinking water source for the metropolitan area. Since the Paldang Reservoir is shallow, and has a short hydraulic residence time, its water quality is directly impacted by two incoming rivers, the north Han River (NHR) and the south Han River (SHR). The NHR has different seasonal patterns of water temperature from the SHR because the NHR is greatly impacted by the discharge water from upstream dams. The electrical conductivity (EC) and other material concentrations of the SHR are usually higher than those of the NHR because its basin is limestone-based. The difference in water temperature in the two rivers causes density flow, and the distribution of the EC within the reservoir can be an indicator for monitoring density flow. From the vertical gradient of the EC at the dam site, from spring to fall, it was confirmed that the SHR flowed into the upper layer, and the NHR flowed into the lower layer, and vice versa at other times. The relative difference (RD) of the EC between the upper layer and the lower layer at the dam site was used as an indicator for density flow. The RD of the EC showed a very significant correlation with the RD of total organic carbon (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and the RD of total nitrogen (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). This relationship is based on the assumption that the difference in electrical conductivity and water quality between the SHR and the NHR is constant. However, in many cases this assumption is inconsistent. Thus, further study is needed on more suitable indicators to evaluate the impact of density flow on water quality.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2003

It is important to control layer current distributions of coaxial multi-layer HTS cables, because a homogeneous layer current distribution decreases AC loss and can supply the largest operational current. We have extended the theory that treat the operational current more than the critical current by considering V-I nonlinear characteristics of HTS tapes including flux flow resistance and contacting resistance between the cable and terminals. It is important to investigate the current distribution under the condition of operational current more than the critical current of cable, because the cable has experiences of fault current. In order to verify the extended theory, we have fabricated a two layers cable with the same twisting layer pitch. It was observed that almost all the operational current less than the critical current flowed on the outer layer because of its lower inductance. In case of operational current more than critical currents of layers, the flux flow resistances affect strongly current waveform and thereby the currents of layers were determined by the flux flow resistances. And we investigated breakdown characteristics in $LN_{2}$/paper composite insulation system for the application to a HTS cable. In this experiment, we got some information out of that the electrical characteristics of the insulation materials depends on the condition of butt gap.