• 생태와환경
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.488-498
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 상류 댐 및 유입 지류의 물리적, 지형적 특성을 고려하여 의암호 수체의 혼합 거동을 해석하고 수질 분포에 미치는 인자로 수체간 혼합 과정을 파악하기 위하여 3차원 시변화 모델, GEMSS 모델 시스템을 구축하였다. 실측 자료를 바탕으로 적용 모델의 재현성을 검토한 결과 본 연구에서 적용된 GLLVHT 모델은 상이한 강우 및 유량 조건에서 의암호 내 열수지 및 수체 혼합 특성을 잘 재현하고 있는 것으로 판단되었으며, 모델 보정 결과를 바탕으로 의암호의 수온, 전기전도도 그리고 체류시간의 시 공간적 분포와 유입지류의 흐름 특성을 분석하였다. 의암호는 상이한 목적을 가진 소양강댐과 춘천댐의 방류량과 유입 지류의 큰 변동폭에 수리 및 수질이 영향을 많이 받고 있다. 의암호는 봄과 여름철에는 수온이 높은 춘천댐의 방류량에 상대적으로 영향을 크게 받아, 전체적으로 높은 수온 분포를 나타낸다. 반면 가을과 겨울철에는 소양강댐의 방류 유량이 많고 수온이 높고, 춘천댐의 유량이 매우 적어 상대적으로 전기전도도가 낮은 소양강댐 방류수의 수온이 의암호의 온도 분포에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 전기전도도는 춘천하수처리장과 공지천의 높은 유입으로 하류 의암댐 부근까지 높은 전기전도도의 분포를 나타낸다. 의암호의 체류시간은 춘천댐과 소양강댐의 방류수가 유입되는 상류 수역은 체류시간이 비교적 짧게 나타나며 의암댐 부근의 하류에서 점차 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 중도 부근의 낮은 수심으로 인해 소양강댐 방류량이 많은 시기에는 역류현상이 발생하여 체류시간이 일시적으로 증가한다. 또한 하중도의 우안에서 공지천과 춘천하수처리장이 유입되는 수역, 중도의 우안에서는 연중 20일 이상의 체류시간을 보이고 있다. 이러한 정체수역에서는 지류들의 혼합률이 저하되고 유속이 낮은 특징을 가지기 때문에, 식물성 플랑크톤의 과대성장 우려가 있어 수질관리에 신중을 기해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 여름철 집중 강우시에는 유입 및 유출의 급격한 증가로 체류시간은 크게 감소하며, 춘천댐과 소양강댐의 방류수는 약 10일 이하의 짧은 체류시간으로 의암호로 유입되는 것으로 예측되었다. 의암호 내 표층에서는 소양강댐의 방류가 많은 비중을 차지하며, 특히 중도의 우안의 상류부까지 소양강댐의 방류수가 역류하는 현상이 나타나며, 중도의 좌안과 붕어섬 상류부에서 소양강댐 방류수가 흐르는 것을 알 수 있다. 춘천댐의 방류량이 큰 경우에는 소양강댐의 방류수가 중도 좌안에 거의 영향을 주지 않으며 우안을 따라서 그대로 방류되는 특징을 보인다. 또한 붕어섬 상류부를 통하여 춘천댐의 방류수가 중도 좌안 및 소양강댐 방류 합류지점까지 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다. 공지천의 방류수는 소양강댐의 방류수가 많은 시기에 동시에 증가하여 공지천과 의암호 합류부의 상류로 역류하는 현상을 보이고 있다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.472-484
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• 2008

The calibrated Andong Reservoir hydro-dynamic module (PART I) of the 2-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 [v3.2], was applied to examine the dynamics of total phosphorus, and chlorophyll $\alpha$ concentration within Andong Reservoir. The modeling effort was supported with the data collected in the field for a five year period. In general, the model achieved a good accuracy throughout the calibration period for both chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ and total phosphorus concentration. The greatest deviation in algal concentration occurred on $10^{th}$ October, starting at the layer just beneath the surface layer and extending up to the depth of 35 m. This deviation is principally attributed to the effect of temperature on the algal growth rate. Also, on the same date, the model over-predicts hypolimnion and epilimnion total phosphorus concentration but under-predicts the high concentrated plume in the metalimnion. The large amount of upwelling of finer suspended solid particles, and re-suspension of the sediments laden with phosphorus, are thought to have caused high concentration in the epilimnion and hypolimnion, respectively. Nevertheless, the model well reproduced the seasonal dynamics of both chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentration. Also, the model tracked the interflow of high phosphorus concentration plume brought by the turbid discharge during the Asian summer monsoon season. Two different hypothetical discharge scenarios (discharge from epilimnetic, and hypolimnetic layers) were analyzed to understand the response of total phosphorus interflow plume on the basis of differential discharge gate location. The simulated results showed that the hypolimnetic discharge gate operation ($103{\sim}113\;m$) was the most effective reservoir structural control method in quickly discharging the total phosphorus plume (decrease of in-reservoir concentration by 219% than present level).

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.370-381
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• 2016

As a single-channel pump is used for wastewater treatment, this particular pump type can prevent performance reduction or damage caused by foreign substances. However, the design methods for single-channel pumps are different and more difficult than those for general pumps. In this study, a design optimization method to improve the hydrodynamic performance of a single-channel pump impeller is implemented. Numerical analysis was carried out by solving three-dimensional steady-state incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the shear stress transport turbulence model. As a state-of-the-art impeller design method, two design variables related to controlling the internal cross-sectional flow area of a single-channel pump impeller were selected for optimization. Efficiency was used as the objective function and was numerically assessed at twelve design points selected by Latin hypercube sampling in the design space. An optimization process based on a radial basis neural network model was conducted systematically, and the performance of the optimum model was finally evaluated through an experimental test. Consequently, the optimum model showed improved performance compared with the base model, and the unstable flow components previously observed in the base model were suppressed remarkably well.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.267-267
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• 2019

Driftwood is one of serious problems in a river environment. In several countries, such as Indonesia, Japan, and Italy, the driftwood frequently appears in a river basin, and it can alter the channel bed, flow configuration by wood deposition and jam formation. Therefore, the studies related to driftwood have been actively conducted by many researchers to understand the mechanism of driftwood dynamics. In particular, wood motion by collision is one of the difficult issues in the numerical simulation because the calculation for wood collision requires significantly expensive calculation time due to small time step. Thus, this study conducted the numerical simulation in consideration of the wood motion by water flow and wood collision to understand the wood dynamics in terms of computation. We used the 2D (two-dimensional) depth-averaged velocity model, Nays2DH, which is a Eulerian model to calculate the water flow on the generalized coordinate. A Lagrangian type driftwood model, which expresses the driftwood as connected sphere shape particles, was employed to Nays2DH. In addition, the present study considered root wad effect by using larger diameter for a particle at a head of driftwood. An anisotropic bed friction was considered for the sliding motion dependent on stemwise, streamwise and motion directions. We particularly considered changeable draft at each particle and projection area by an angle between stemwise and flow directions to precisely reproduce the wood motions. The simulation results were compared with experimental results to verify the model. As a result, the simulation results showed good agreement with experimental results. Through this study, it would be expected that this model is a useful tool to predict the driftwood effect in the river flow.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2009

A lot of research on the application of GIS has been conducted in the field of water quality management. The function of a geometric data acquisition for reservoir and river models, however, is not enough to satisfy multiuser' convenience. CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional(2D) longitudinal/vertical hydrodynamic and water quality model for surface water bodies, modeling eutrophication processes such as temperature-nutrient-algae and sediment relationships. The purpose of this study is to analyzing which bathymetry information affects hydraulic results. There are consisted of three scenarios under consideration. The first scenario takes into account only tribatary type data such as Heoin and Okchen river. The second scenario, Heoin river constructs to tributary and Okchen river constructs by branch. Last scenario constructs Heoin and Okchen river by branch. The RMSE error results for the first, second and third scenarios are 0.61, 0.36 and 0.28 respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.407-428
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• 2009

The effects of the uniform and spatially varying ground motions on the stochastic response of fluid-structure interaction system during an earthquake are investigated by using the displacement based fluid finite elements in this paper. For this purpose, variable-number-nodes two-dimensional fluid finite elements based on the Lagrangian approach is programmed in FORTRAN language and incorporated into a general-purpose computer program SVEM, which is used for stochastic dynamic analysis of solid systems under spatially varying earthquake ground motion. The spatially varying earthquake ground motion model includes wave-passage, incoherence and site-response effects. The effect of the wave-passage is considered by using various wave velocities. The incoherence effect is examined by considering the Harichandran-Vanmarcke and Luco-Wong coherency models. Homogeneous medium and firm soil types are selected for considering the site-response effect where the foundation supports are constructed. A concrete gravity dam is selected for numerical example. The S16E component recorded at Pacoima dam during the San Fernando Earthquake in 1971 is used as a ground motion. Three different analysis cases are considered for spatially varying ground motion. Displacements, stresses and hydrodynamic pressures occurring on the upstream face of the dam are calculated for each case and compare with those of uniform ground motion. It is concluded that spatially varying earthquake ground motions have important effects on the stochastic response of fluid-structure interaction systems.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

모멘트 입도분석을 통해 구해진 퇴적물 입도조직변수(평균입도, 분급도 및 왜도)를 이용하여 동해 연안사질 퇴적물 이동경향을 밝힐수 있는 Gao and Collins(1992) 방법을 소개하였다. 그 결과로서 파랑에 기인한 연안류가 연안 퇴적물 이동에 관여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 동해 연안 표층퇴적물의 이동 경로를 제시할 수 있는 퇴적물이동벡터가 제시되었으며, 실제 이를 반영하는 지형적인 형태로서 남대천 입구에 사취가 존재하는데 연안류에 의한 퇴적물 이동의 결과로 사취가 남쪽으로 길게 발달해 남대천과 바다와의 순환을 차단하는 결과를 가져왔다. 차후 이를 검증할만한 계절적인 조사와 수역학적인 관측이 보완되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2008

The flowfield behind two cylinders and flow-induced noise generated from the cylinders in various arrangement are numerically investigated based on the finite difference lattice Boltzmann model with 21 velocity bits. which is introduced a flexible specific heat ${\gamma}$ to simulate diatomic gases like air. In an isolated cylinder with two type of mesh. some flow parameters such as Strouhal number $S_t$ and acoustic pressure ${\Delta}p$ simulated from the solution are given and quantitatively compared with those provided the previous works. The effects of the center-to-center pitch ratio $L_{cc}/d=2.0$ in staggered circular cylinders as shown in Fig. 1 and angles of incidence ${\alpha}=30^{\circ}(T_{cc}/d=0.5)$, $45^{\circ}(T_{cc}/d =0.707)$ and $60^{\circ}\;(T_{cc}/d=0.866)$, respectively, are studied. Our analysis focuses on the small-scale instabilities of vortex shedding, which occurs in staggered arrangement. With the results of drag $C_d$ and lift $C_l$ coefficients and vorticity contours. the mechanisms of the interference phenomenon and its interaction with the two-dimensional vortical structures are present in the flowfields under $Re\;{\le}\;200$. The results show that we successively capture very small pressure fluctuations, with the same frequency of vortex shedding, much smaller than the whole pressure fluctuation around pairs of circular cylinders. The upstream cylinder behaves like an isolated single cylinder, while the downstream one experiences wake-induced flutter. It is expected that, therefore, the relative position of the downstream cylinder has significant effects on the flow-induce noise, hydrodynamic force and vortex shedding characteristics of the cylinders.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3950-3960
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수치모의를 통해서 월류 흐름이 존재하는 수몰 사각 실린더의 항력 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 모의의 신뢰성을 검토하기 위하여 실험자료와 비교하였으며 실험에서 측정하기 어려운 실린더 접촉면의 압력에 대한 분석을 통해서 상대 수심에 따른 항력의 특성을 분석하였다. 3차원 동수역학 모형을 이용한 수몰 사각 실린더의 항력 계산 결과는 실험자료의 상대 수심의 변화에 따른 항력계수의 변화를 유사하게 모의하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 수치모의 결과 분석에 의하면 수몰 사각 실린더에 작용하는 항력은 대부분 압력이며 상대 수심이 증가함에 따라 전단력의 비중은 감소하였다. 실린더 접촉면의 압력계수 분석 결과에 의하면 상대 수심이 낮은 경우에는 전면부에 높은 압력계수가 형성되고 후면부에 낮은 압력계수가 형성되어 결과적으로 높은 항력계수가 나타남을 확인하였다. 상대수심이 증가하면 전면부의 압력계수는 감소하고 후면부의 압력계수는 증가하여 2차원 흐름 내의 사각 실린더와 유사한 양상을 나타낸다. 정수압 영향 분석에 의하면 전면부와 후면부의 수위 차에 의한 정수압은 항력에 미치는 영향이 제한적이며 사각 실린더에 의해 형성되는 국부적인 수위와 함께 3차원적인 흐름에 의해 형성되는 동수압의 영향이 크다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2010

The objective of study was to determine an optimal location of a float-type curtain weir in Daecheong Reservoir and to assess its effectiveness for the control of algal blooms in the reservoir. CE-QUAL-W2, a laterally averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic and eutrophication model, was modified to accommodate vertical displacement of the weir according to water surface fluctuation and applied to simulate the reservoir hydrodynamics and water quality changes for the reservoir. The model calibrated in a previous study was updated and validated for different hydrological conditions representing drought year (2008) and normal year (2006) for the study, and adequately simulated the temporal and spatial variations of water temperature, nutrients and algal (Chl-a) concentrations. The effectiveness of curtain weir on the control of algal bloom was evaluated by applying the validated model to 2001 and 2006 assuming 9 scenarios for different installation locations. The reduction rates of algal concentration were placed in the range of 11.2~40.3% and 20.3~56.7% for 2001 and 2006, respectively. Although, the performance of curtain weir was slightly varied for different locations and different hydrological years, overall, the performance was improved as the weir was installed further downstream.