• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

The importance of cultural contents industry is steadily growing owing to the Korean wave etc. and Buddhist cultural contents is a part of the cultural contents. However, the development of Buddhist cultural contents in many ways has left much to be desired. That is because, it is difficult for the public, who is not Buddhist scholar, to understand and take interest in conventional contents on Buddhist books themselves which are digitalized. Also, most contents researches are discussed on the necessity of contents development and just stay in these subjects, but it is insufficient to study a semantic analysis and visualizing contents on Buddhist books. So, in this paper, we analyse mandala's twinning rite in the Buddhist books and implement visual contents on the rite. The mandala is using toohadeokbul in a special way as the abhisinca rite. We analyse concept of the toohadeokbul and implement its visual contents which visualize ideological logic of Buddhism. The implemented contents are able to provide the public with Buddhist cultural experience of the yard. Additional, by trying to visualize descriptive expressions of Buddhist books, this paper could be a precedent for developing visual contents of unlimited data comprised in Buddhist books.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.419-425
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• 1995

Twenty growing female Damascus (Shami) goats and twenty growing Chios ewes of two mating ages (10 and 12 months) were used to study the effect of mating age (MA) on reproductive performance (RP). In addition to (RP), The growth, milk production and nutrient requirements were also evaluated. A complete random design in a $2{\times}2$ factorial was used, with (MA) and species as the main factors. (MA) had no effects on (RP), milk production and mortality. No significant difference (p > 0.05) were observed between (MA) or between species, for age at kidding/lambing (K/L). Sheep reached puberty earlier than goats. Average age (months) at conception and at (K/L) was 15.8; 20.8 and l7.0; 22.0 for sheep and goats respectively. Body weight (BW), rather than age was the most important factor determining puberty. Both goats and ewes conceived when they reached about 67% of their mature (BW) for goats and 85% for ewes. Sheep grew faster than goats, but the latter had higher twinning (67.8% versus 25%). Chios sheep were suitable for meat and Shami goats for dairying or dual purpose systems. Nutrient requirements for growth of goats and ewes were similar with an average DM-intake of about 4% (BW); 12-13% CP and 65-69% TDN (DM-basis) of the total ration. It is recommended to breed Chios ewes at a (BW) of at least 50 kg and Shami does at 38 kg, irrespective of their age.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 1996

It is very important to understand the domain structures of ferroelectric BaTiO3 in the poling process. Especially because {111} twinning is frequently observed in most BaTiO3 ceramics it is required to know the relations between the ferroelectric domains and the structural twin. In this study the domain structures of a {111} twinned crystal sample were observed under a polarizing microscope. and the relation between the {111} twin and the domain configurations could be classified into two types of 'V'-shape and linear shape penetrating perpendicular to the twin boundary. Domain formation obeys the symmetry of the {111} twining when a new domain structure is developed by heat treatment and surface deformation due to domain formation is also occured symmetrically between the both sides of the{111} twin boundary. This symmetrical behavior of the domains could be interpreted with the "head-to-tall" orientation of the domains across the {111} twin boundary.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.795-804
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• 1997

Developmental dental morphological anomalies are fusion, gemination, twinning, concrescence and etc. They may cause many problems in conservative, periodontal and esthetic aspects. Fusion is a condition where two separate tooth buds unite at some stage in their development to form a bifid crown. If tooth contact occurs early, at least before the start of calcification, the two teeth may be completely unites to form a single large tooth. If tooth contact occurs after the time when a portion of the tooth crown has completed its formation, there may be union of the roots only. In fusion the dentin is always confluent. Fusion teeth is more common in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition. Fused teeth are relatively rare, and are mostly mandibular anterior teeth. Fusion of normal and supernumerary teeth or between normal teeth may occurs. The exact etiology factor of fusion is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors seems to be related. A variety of complications and subsequent treatments have been suggested on this teeth. Periodontal conditions may arise due to a groove formed at the line of fusion of the two teeth. Crowding or Protrusion with potential for malocclusion or delayed eruption of adjacent teeth. Fusion teeth appear in the anterior region, they usually cause esthetic problems. Treatments vary depending on the problem, the location, and the extent of fusion. Treatment of fused teeth has been reported from endodontic, orthodontic, periodontic, surgical and multidisciplinary. This report presents the esthetic improvements by separation of two clinical crowns. Bone reduction or endodontic treatments are not required.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 1997

This study was carried out to establish the techniques for producing the calves of genetically superior Korean Native cattle by transfer of frozen-thawed embryos. The effects of some factors related to embryo recovery following superovulation and pregnancy rate following transfer of frozen-thawed embryos were evaluated. Also calving state was investigated. The results obtained were as follows ; The mean number of total and transferrable embryos recovered per superovulated cow was 8.72 and 4.90, respectively, from a total of 72 superovulations using 34 donor cows. There were no significant differences in the number of total or transferrable embryos recovered per superovulated cow between products of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), years, seasons, and collection numbers. The pregnancy rate was found 44.44% following transfer of frozen-thawed embryos of Korean Native cattle to a total of 180 recipient cows including 82 Angus, 27 Charolais, 62 Hereford and 9 Korean Native cows. The pregnancy rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the transfer of excellent (42.99) and good embryos (40.17%), compared with fair (5.90%) grade embryos. And the pregnancy rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the transfer of embryos of morula stage (43.86%) than blastocyst stage (15.51%). But there were no significant differences in pregnancy rates between natural and induced estrus estrus asynchrony of 1 days, breeds, and parities of recipient cows. The normal calving rate of 80 pregnant cows following transfer of frozen4hawed em-bryos was 87.5% and the other 10 pregnant cows showed abortion during the period from pregnancy diagnosis at 50~60 days to calving. The average gestation length of normally delivered recipients was 288.50 days and the average birth weight of 70 calves born was 24.22 kg. The gestation length was significantly (P<0.05) shorter in the recipients delivering female calves (286.70 days) than males (289.39 days). But there were no significant differences in gestation tength and birth weight of calves born between the recipient breeds.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2011

The out-of-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue (OP TMF) in a <001> oriented single crystal nickel-based superalloy CMSX-4 has been studied. OP TMF life was less than a half of low cycle fatigue(LCF) life in spite of a small hysteresis loop area of OP TMF compared to that of LCF. The failure was caused by the initiation of a crack at the oxide-layered surface followed by its planar growth along the <100> ${\gamma}$ channel in both LCF and OP TMF. However, deformation twins appeared near the major crack of OP TMF. The multiple groups of parallel twin plates on {111} planes provided a preferential path for crack propagation, which caused a significant decrease in OP TMF life. Additionally, the analysis on the surface crack morphology revealed that the tensile strain at the minimum temperature of OP TMF was found to accelerate the crack propagation.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.109-117
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• 2020

Recently, with the advent of the 4th industrial revolution, digital twins are emerging as an important technology that connects and integrates physical systems and cyber systems. In this article, we analyzed the major requirements of digital twins required for the construction of digital twins of power equipments in the energy field, focusing on the industry 4.0-based Asset Administration Shell(AAS). However, since not so many studies have been conducted yet on a common platform or demonstration model for implementing digital twins both domestically and internationally, digital twin requirements are analyzed with the consideration of digital twinning of power equipment in the energy field. Also, we suggested necessary procedures and specific functions of AAS to establish a smart energy digital twin in the future by analyzing the core requirements necessary for the construction and designing the AAS design for specific power equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.303-310
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• 2023

β titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace industry due to their excellent specific strength and corrosion resistance. In particular, mechanical properties of metastable β titanium can efficiently be controlled by various deformation mechanisms such as slip, twinning, and SIM (Stress-Induced Martensite Transformation), making it an ideal material for many industrial applications. In this study, Ti-5Mo-xFe (x=1, 2, 4 wt%) alloy was designed by adding a relatively inexpensive β element to ensure price competitiveness. Additionally, microstructural analysis was conducted using OM, SEM, and XRD, while mechanical properties were evaluated through hardness and compression tests to consider the deformation mechanisms based on the Fe content. SIMT occurred in all three alloys and was influenced by the presence of β_m (metastable beta) and beta stability. As the Fe content decreased, the α'' phase increased due to SIMT occurring within the β_m phase, resulting in softening. Conversely, as the Fe content increased, the strength of the alloy increased due to a reduction in α'' formation and the contributions of solid solution strengthening and grain strengthening. Moreover, unlike the other alloys, shear bands were observed only in the fracture of the Ti-5Mo-4Fe alloy, which was attributed to differences in texture and microstructure.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1998

The specimens used were Ag-25 Pd-15 Cu ternary alloy and Au addition alloy. These alloys were melted and casted by induction electric furnace and centrifugal casting machine in Ar atmosphere. These specimens were solution treated for 2hr at $800^{\circ}C$ and were then quenched into iced water, and aged at $350{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ Age- hardening characteristics of the small Au-containing Ag-Pd-Cu dental alloys were investigated by means of hardness testing. X-ray diffraction and electron microscope observations, electrical resistance, ergy dispersed spectra and electron probe microanalysis. Principal results are as follows : Hardening occured in two stages, i.e., stage I in low temperature and stage II in high temperature regions, during continuous aging. The case of hardening in stage I was due to the formation of the $L1_0$ type face-centered tetragonal PdCu-ordered phase in the grain interior and hardening in stage I was affected by the Cu concentration. In stage II, decomposition of the ${\alpha}$ solid solution to a PdCu ordered phase($L1_0$ type) and an Ag-rich ${\alpha}2$ phase occurred and a discontinuous precipitation occurred at the grain boundary. From the electron microscope study, it was conclued that the cause of age-hardening in this alloy is the precipitation of the PdCu ordered phase, which has AuCu I type face-centered tetragonal structure. Precipetation procedure was ${\alpha}{\to}{\alpha}+{\alpha}_2+PdCu {\to}{\alpha}_1+{\alpha}_2+PdCu$ at Pd/Cu = 1.7 Ag-Pd-Cu alloy is more effective dental alloy as ageing treatment and is suitable to isothermal ageing at $450^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.207-216
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of the addition of Zn, Ca, and SiC on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al alloys. The tensile properties of homogenized Mg-xAl (x = 6, 7, 8, and 9 wt.%) alloys increased with increasing Zn content by the solid-solution strengthening effect. However, when the added Zn content exceeded the solubility limit, the strength and ductility of the alloys decreased greatly owing to premature fracture caused by undissolved coarse particles or local melting. Among the Mg-xAl-yZn alloys tested in this study, the AZ74 alloy showed the best tensile properties. However, from the viewpoints of the thermal stability, castability, and tensile properties, the AZ92 alloy was deemed to be the most suitable cast alloy. Moreover, the addition of a small amount (0.17 wt.%) of SiC reduced the average grain size of the AZ91 alloy significantly, from $430{\mu}m$ to $73{\mu}m$. As a result, both the strength and the elongation of the AZ91 alloy increased considerably by the grain-boundary hardening effect and the suppression of twinning behavior, respectively. On the other hand, the addition of Ca (0.5-1.5 wt.%) and a combined addition of Ca (0.5-1.5 wt.%) and SiC (0.17 wt.%) increased the average grain size of the AZ91 alloy, which resulted in a decrease in its tensile properties. The SiC-added AZ92 alloy exhibited excellent tensile properties (YS 125 MPa, UTS 282 MPa, and EL 12.3%), which were much higher than those of commercial AZ91 alloy (YS 93 MPa, UTS 192 MPa, and EL 7.0%). The fluidity of the SiC-added AZ92 alloy was slightly lower than that of the AZ91 alloy because of the expansion of the solid-liquid coexistence region in the former. However, the SiC-added AZ92 alloy showed better hot-tearing resistance than the AZ91 alloy owing to its refined grain structure.