• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 2006

유류오염토양의 자연복원 시 생물이용도(bioavailability)를 높이기 위해 사용되는 계면활성제의 영향을 살펴보고자 제지 폐수로부터 분리한 미생물과 5가지 계면활성제를 사용하였다. 계면활성제로는 Brij 35, Brij 30, Triton X-100, Tween 40, Tween 80을 사용하였으며 유류오염물질로는 PAHs를 사용하여 계면활성제 별 미생물의 성장률 및 PAHs 분해율을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 각각의 계면활성제에 따라 서로 다른 미생물 성장 및 PAHs 분해능을 보였다. 계면활성제에 따른 미생물 성장은 Tween 계열에서 뚜렷했으며 이들 중 Tween 40에서는 PAHs의 분해능 또한 가장 활발하였다.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
• /
• v.67
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2018

Using mixed nonionic surfactants Span/Tween, we investigated the effects of HLB value on the O/W emulsion stability and rheological behaviors. In this study, MS-01 (Span 60 & Tween 60) and MS-02 (Span 80 & Tween 80) was used as mixed nonionic surfactants. We considered required HLB value 10.85 and selected corresponding HLB value range 8-13. The droplet size distributions, droplet morphology, rheological properties, zeta-potential and creaming index of the emulsion samples were obtained to understand the mechanism and interaction of droplets in O/W emulsion. The results indicated that optimal HLB number for O/W emulsions was 10.8 and 10.7, while using MS-01 surfactant and MS-02 surfactant respectively. MS-01 (HLB = 10.8) sample and MS-02 (HLB = 10.7) sample showed smallest droplet size and highest zeta-potential value. Rheological properties are measured to understand rheological behaviors of emulsion samples. All emulsion samples showed no phase separation until 30 days storage time at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.340-348
• /
• 2015

Removal efficiency of PCBs in contaminated marine sediments treated by Fenton-like oxidation combined with surfactant was investigated in this research in order to achieve remediation of PCBs. A washing treatment using various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1% and 15%) and surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween 60 and Tween 80) was evaluated at various conditions in laboratory scale experiments. The mean removal efficiencies of tPCBs varied from 24.1 to 46.7% in the sediments for 1 hour duration of the treatments. The concentration of tPCBs in contaminated marine sediments after the simultaneous treatment with hydrogen peroxide and surfactant satisfied the domestic environmental standards for the beneficial use of sediments. When suitable surfactant was used for Fenton-like oxidation, the removal efficiency of tPCBs at low concentration of hydrogen peroxide was similar to that at high hydrogen peroxide concentration. Thus the efficient removal of PCBs in contaminated marine sediments could be achieved through treatment with Fenton-like oxidation combined with surfactant washing.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.176-181
• /
• 2002

Astaxanthin (3,3＇-dihydroxy-${\beta}$, ${\beta}$-carotene-4-4＇-dione), a natural pigment of pink to red color, is widely distributed in nature particularly in the skin layer of salmonoids and the crust of shrimp, lobster, etc. Recently, it was produced from the yeast culture of Phaffia rhodozyma. Because of its high thermal stability and antioxidant functionality, its applications can be extended into food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical ingredient beyond the traditional feed additive. Because of its very high lipophilicity, astaxanthin has been extracted traditionally by strong organic solvents such as chloroform, petroleum ether, acetone, etc. In this study, we developed a surfactant-based solubillization system for astaxanthin, and used it to extract astaxanthin from disrupted yeast cells. Among Tween 20, Triton X-100 and SDS, Tween 20 was identified as the most suitable surfactant in terms of extraction capacity and safety. The ethylene oxide group of Tween 20 was identified as the most significant factor to increase the HLB value that determined the extraction capacity. The effects of micelle formation condition, such as the molar ratio of astaxanthin and Tween 20, pH, and ionic strength were also investigated. pH and ionic strength showed no significant effects. The optimal molar ratio between astaxanthin and Tween 20 was 1 : 12. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthin was higher than ${\beta}$-carotene and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Astaxanthin in the crude extract from the yeast cell was more resistant to air and/or light degradation than pure astaxanthin, probably because of the presence of other carotenoids and lipids.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.501-505
• /
• 2007

Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) expressed from recombinant Escherichia coli was used to biodegrade organophosphate insecticide coumaphos which has a very high toxicity in mammalian cells. To improve the productivity of OPH, the effects of nonionic surfactants (Tween 20, PEG 1000) and organic solvents, such as glycerol, propanol, and ethanol, were investigated in the strain culture. The maximum OPH was produced when the 0.25% of Tween 20 and 0.5% of glycerol were added to the medium. As the OPH obtained from disrupt-cell process by ultrasound treatment was used, the biodegradation efficiencies of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM coumaphos were 100, 88, 84 and 78%, respectively. A novel method developed in this study could be applied to the biodetoxification technology in the contaminated region with various coumaphos concentration.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effect on the increase of UV absorbance using a o/w nanoemulsion containing a blend of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80), an organic sunscreen, and wax. The particle size of nanoemulsion produced by PIC (Phase Inversion Composition), in Tween 80/Span 80 system containing candelilla wax was below 50 nm. As the concentration of Tween 80/Span 80/candelilla wax/organic UV filter was fixed at 4.5/0.5/3.0/2.0 wt%, and various organic sunscreens were added to the system, stable nanoemulsion was produced by Parsol MCX and Escalol 587, respectively. In addition, in the same system, when the ratio of Parsol MCX and candelilla wax was less than 2.0, a stable nanoemulsion was obtained. UV absorbance showed a high synergistic effect when Parsol MCX was used with candelilla wax.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.968-978
• /
• 2003

The effects of monensin, Tween 80 and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation and animal performance were studied in vitro and in vivo. In Expt 1, the effects of the surfactant Tween 80 (0.2% wt/wt, DM basis) on ruminal fermentation of alfalfa, corn and orchardgrass silages were investigated using in vitro gas production techniques. Tween 80 did not affect (p>0.05) cumulative gas production at 24 h, but it reduced (p<0.05) the lag in fermentation of all three silages. With corn silage and orchardgrass silage, gas production rates and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were increased (p<0.05) by Tween 80; with alfalfa silage, they were reduced (p<0.05). Tween 80 increased (p<0.05) the proportion of propionate in total VFA, and reduced (p<0.05) acetate to propionate ratios (A:P) with all three silages. In Expt 2, exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (E; at 0, 37.5 or 75 g/tonne DM), monensin (M; at 0 or 25 ppm and Tween 80 (T; at 0 or 2 L/tonne DM) were added alone or in combination to backgrounding and finishing diets fed to 320 crossbred steers in a feeding trial with a $3{\times}2{\times}$2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The backgrounding and finishing diets contained barley grain and barley silage in ratios of 57.8:42.2 and 93.5:6.5 (DM basis), respectively. Added alone, none of the additives affected DM intake (p>0.1) in the backgrounding or in the finishing period, but interactive $M{\times}T$ effects were observed in the finishing period (p=0.02) and overall (p=0.04). In the finishing period, T without M tended to reduce DM intake (p=0.11), but T with M increased (p=0.05) DM intake. Monensin increased average daily gain (ADG) during backgrounding (p=0.07) and finishing (p=0.01), and this ionophore also improved overall feed efficiency (p=0.02). Warm carcass weight was increased (p<0.001) by M, but dressing percentage was reduced (p=0.07). In the backgrounding period, T increased ADG by 7% (p=0.06). Enzymes increased (p=0.07) ADG by 5 and 6% (low and high application rates, respectively) during backgrounding, but did not affect (p>0.10) ADG during finishing, or overall feed efficiency. Whereas T enhanced the positive effects of M on ADG during backgrounding (p=0.04) and overall (p=0.05), it had no impact (p>0.1) on the effects of E. Interactions between M and T suggest that the surfactant may have potential for enhancing the positive effects of monensin on beef production, but this requires further research.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.267-271
• /
• 2010

Super hydrophilic and high transparent $TiO_2$ thin films were successfully fabricated by sol-gel method without an irradiation of UV light. In addition, surfactant Tween 80 was used for increasing the transmittance of the thin films. When the contents of Tween 80 in $TiO_2$ solution were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 wt%, the transmittance of $TiO_2$ thin films was ca. 74.31%, 74.25%, 79.69%, 81.99% at 550 nm wavelength, respectively. The contact angles of fabricated $TiO_2$ thin films with or without Tween 80 were from ca. $4.0^{\circ}$ to $4.5^{\circ}$. The $TiO_2$ thin films annealed over $400^{\circ}C$ showed anatase crystal structure and the photocatalytic property that decomposed methyl orange with UV irradiation. The surface morphologies, optical properties and contact angle of prepared thin films with different contents of Tween 80 were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffratometer (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and contact angle meter.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.302-307
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of in situ soil flushing for TPH-contaminated soil remediation with column test. The soil texture of the soil was sand and the initial TPH concentration was $9,369mg\; kg^{-1}$. 0.1% Tween-80 was selected as surfactant solution. And the acrylic and the glass syringe columns were used as reactors. In the acrylic column test, 35% of the initial TPH was removed in 1 PV of flushing and approximately 40% in 5 PV and finally 7 PV showed about 60%. The glass column test showed 3 ~ 12% higher removal efficiency than that of acrylic test until 5 PV of flushing. However, there was no difference in TPH removal efficiency when 7 PV of surfactant was finally flushed. Both of alum only and alum+polymer mixed surfactants showed also the best coagulation efficiency in $150mg\;L^{-1}$ of concentraion. When Tween 80 was newly dissolved in 0.1% to the recovered solution after the coagulation treatment, the removal efficiency was increased from 32.0% to 41.0% in comparison to the new 0.1% Tween 80 solution without reuse by coagulation treatment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2008

This study is on encapsulation of a new whitening agent, LA-PEG using solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN) method, one of nanoparticle preparation method. Classical method has high capsulation efficiency for hydrophobic compounds but has demerit of low capsulation efficiency($2{\sim}3%$) for hydrophilic compounds. Purpose of this study is preparation of SLN that has higher skin penetration effect compared with general liposome, and also has higher encapsulation efficiency of hydrophilic compounds. For SLN preparation, coconut oil, macadamia oil, and jojoba oil were used. As a result, SLN preparation using coconut oil(include LA-PEG) has the most high encapsulation efficiency and also has the smallest average particle size(270 nm). SLN prepared with macadamia oil and 1% of Tween 60 has the largest particle size. Base made with coconut oil and 2% of Tween 60 showed the fastest release and base made with macadamia oil and 2% of Tween 20 showed the latest release.