• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

The use of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) in the transition zone is limited because of a lack of cold hardiness although zoysiagrass has many advantages compared to other warm-season and cool-season grasses. Late-fall N fertilization is often applied for darker green color of turfgrass in early spring and more extensive root growth without rapid top growth. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of late fall N application and turf cover for zoysiagrass spring green-up. Clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film was used for turf cover. The amount of N applied were 5 and $10g\;N\;m^{-2}$ for the low and high N rate treatments, respectively. Covered zoysiagrass had greater turfgrass color and quality in early spring than non-covered zoysiagrass. The high N rate had 0.6 to 2.3 greater turfgrass quality than the low N rate on 7 of 9 rating dates. Slow-release N as late fall fertilization is more effective for turfgrass color and quality than fast-release N in spring. Turf cover could reduce the period of yellow zoysiagrass, and the earlier time of spring green-up could be advanced by increasing turfgrass quality and growth of zoysiagrass.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1990

This study was carried out to search for growth and quality -of turfgrass by Nitrogen source (Urea Ammonium sulphate) and organic matter, and to obtain methods of pr6per turfgrass management by the results. This experiment was conducted in turf field from 1988 to 1989. The results of this experiment was summarized as follows; 1.Without application of organic matter, turfgrass growth between urea and ammonium sulphate was not significant, however ammonium sulphate resulted in superior to urea in total dry weight when organic matter was applied. 2.The addition of organic matter showed significant effect on color rating and visible quality, and ammonium sulphate was higher quality than urea. 3.Shoot density increased, particularly in ammonium sulphate treatment, when organic matter was applied. 4.Rhizome and stolon were shown significant effect in urea treatment by the application of organic matter. 5.Surface soil pH was allowed to become slightly acid by the ammonium sulphate treatments, but soil acidity remained mostly unaffected when organic matter was supplied. 6.Total nitrogen of log tissue and organic matter content increased when organic matter w-as applied.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the utilizing of cool-season turfgrass in areas, excluding greens, of Korean golf courses. Data collected from 120 golf courses were subjected to frequency and T-test analysis using SPSSWIN. The results obtained were as follows: 1) seventy eight golf curses were utilizing cool-season turfgrass in areas except of the greens. At thirty five golf courses (46.0%) of them, the area utilized appeared tee, green collar, green approach etc. (tee>green collar>green approach). At 37 golf courses(48.7%), a mix of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass was utilized and the ratio of the mix was 70:30(v/v). At 57 golf courses(76.0%), seed sowing was utilized. 2) In Korean golf courses, the cognition of utilizing cool-season turfgrass depended on the existence of the practice. The cognition of the experienced was more´ affirmative´ than that of the inexperienced. 3) In the experienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality and good appearance and recuperative rate of cool-season turfgrass. In the inexperienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality god appearance. 4) The experienced recommended the mix of Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass. 5) It seems that the golf courses having used cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer while the golf courses without using cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer and the selection of turfgrass variety.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

Synthetic turfgrass was developed for longer durability than natural turfgrass. As synthetic turfgrass use increases, disadvantage was exposed and composite turfgrass was designed to reinforce disadvantage of synthetic turfgrass. However, A few researches were conducted to evaluate composite turfgrass in South Korea. Therefore, this research was conducted to select a turfgrass species to maximize practical use of composite turfgrass. In 14 Oct. 2006 synthetic turfgrass was established in the research center in Hanul Sports Turf, Inc. located Hapcheon-Gun, Gyunggnam province. Kentucky bluegrass, Tall fescue, and a mixture of Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial ryegrass were used to combine with synthetic turfgrass. Wide and narrow types of synthetic turfgrass were used. As temperature increase, coverage of tall fescue and the mixture reduced but Kentucky bluegrass had the best result of turfgrass coverage although there were no differences on turfgrass quality among types of turfgrass.

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.28-29
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2002

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.322-332
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• 2017

Microbial fertilizer has been used to prompt turfgrass growth and quality and to prevent turfgrass diseases in turfgrass management of golf courses. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of microbial fertilizer containing Lactobacillus fermentum (MFcL) on changes of turfgrass quality and growth by investigating turf color index, chlorophyll index, clipping yield, and nutrient content in the turfgrass tissue. Treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), control fertilizer (CF), MFcL treatments [CF+$1.0g\;m^{-2}$(MFL), CF+$2.0g\;m^{-2}$ (2MFL)], and only MFcL treatment (OMF; $1.0g\;m^{-2}$ MFL). Chemical properties of soil by application of MFcL was unaffected. Turf color index, chlorophyll index, clipping yield and nutrient content and uptake of MFcL treatments were similar to CF. Furthermore, turfgrass shoot density of MFL was increased by 20% than that of CF, and that of OMF by 22% than NF. These results show that the application of microbial fertilizer containing L. fermentum increased turfgrass shoot density, which is not attributed to nutrient uptake in this study, but needs to be further investigated with other mechanisms such as biostimulant induction or phytohormone production.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2012

Organic fertilizers are divided into natural organic and synthetic organics. The benefits of natural organic fertilizer were reported from the previous researches. The previous researches have reported that clippings are nitrogen source for turfgrass growth. However, the limited research results about clippings as a source of natural organic fertilizers were reported. The objective of the research to investigate effects of liquid fertilizer produced from fermented clippings for creeping bentgrass growth. Liquid fertilizer (LF) produced was used for the research to be compared with urea and two natural organic fertilizers of different source (NO-1 and NO-2). Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., Midnight) was used for the study. Turfgrass quality was measured by visual evaluation every two weeks from June to October, 2011 using a scale of 1 to 9 (1=worst, 6=acceptable, and 9=best). LF produced greater turfgrass quality than acceptable quality, especially with the summer period while urea and NO produced lower turfgrass quality than acceptable quality of 6. LF had less quality alteration than urea and NO during the study. Based on the result of the study, LF are more stable to maintain turfgrass quality than urea and NO.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.85-93
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out the effect of cool-season turfgrass overseeding onto zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica L.) for extending green color and solving traffic problem during dormant periods. Overseeding rates of cool-season turfgrasses were $10g/m^2$ of Kentucky bluegrass(KB1), $20g/m^2$of Kentucky b1uegrass(KB2), $60g/m^2$ of perennial ryegrass(PR), $80g/m^2$ of Tall fescue(TF), and $10g/m^2$ of Kentucky bluegrass + $10g/m^2$ of perennial ryegrass mixture(KB+PR) onto 2m${\times}$2m(width${\times}$length) zoysiagrass plots with 3 replications.1 to 9-sca1e of visual quality and visual color were measured after treatment, Consequently cool-season turfgrass overseeding gave a good performances of extending the green periods and enhancing the turf grass quality. KB1 and KB2 were found to be excellent performances for visual quality and visual color compared to PR, TF, KB+PR and control. KB2 showed better turf performances than KB1 within Kentucky bluegrass overseedings. Turfgrass color was kept up for 10 months by overseeding of cool-season turfgrasses(KB1, KB2, PR, TP, KB+PR) compared to about 5~6 months by zoysiagrass(Control). The visual quality and visual color of PR and TF showed good performances during a green-up period of spring, but decreasing tendencies through the summer.Percent diseases data revealed also higher ratings for PR and TF compared to for KB1 and KB2.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2017

Bottom ash (BA) has different macro- and micronutrients such as B, Mo, Fe, Ca, and Mg, providing useful resources for plant growth and soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of artificial top-soil treated with BA in park area as a vegetation base material, especially for turfgrass growth. Collected BA was mixed with peat moss and clay at the ratio of 70:10:20 (w/w). In order to evaluate the park quality and turfgrass growth in park area, the artificial soil was applied with BA along with the control or without BA. Result showed that exchangeable K and P were increased by $11.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $163mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, compared to the control soil when the artificial soil was treated with BA. Microbial population and enzyme activity (Acid-phosphatase, APA) in artificial soil having BA also increased as 2 times and 10%, respectively, compared to the control soil. Comparing turfgrass growth and yield between general soil and artificial soil, about 2 times higher plant yield (fresh weight) was observed as artificial soil was applied comparing to general soil. Furthermore, nutrient concentration in turfgrass was averaged as 0.440% for $P_2O_5$, 0.456% for CaO, 1.198% for $K_2O$ and 0.188% for MgO that all values are higher than general soil (0.323% for $P_2O_5$, 0.416% for CaO, 0.610% for $K_2O$ and 0.173% for MgO). Application of BA can be useful for vegetation base material in park site.