• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1990

The experiment was carried out to analysis the differences between classification by the estimate of survey character and thatch accumulation. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1.BentgrassPenncross: had the highest thatch accumulation. 2.Thatch accumulation of creeping season turf was higher than that of bunch type and thatch accumulation of cool season turf was higher than that of warm season turf. 3.The coverage rate was 43.3%, so turf quality was not good. 4.Bermudagrass(Guymon) had the highest content of lignin in thatch and coverage rate. 5.Species had significant negative correlation with the content of lignin.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.268-277
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• 2015

Organic fertilizer preparation was developed with organic materials to improve growth and qualities of cool-season turfgrass species. Organic fertilizer preparation were contained with essential macronutrient elements and organic matter for growth of cool season turfgrass. Four preparations of organic fertilizers were tested on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds) cultivar Penn-A1 and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) mixed cultivars (Midnight 33%, Moonlight 33%, and Prosperity 33%) by one time application on fifty days after sowing. Two species of cool season turfgrasses were evaluated on turfgrass coverage, growth on NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and qualities from fall season to spring season in sod producing farm. It were found significantly difference found on turfgrass coverage, turf color, chlorophyll contents and growth increase on two species of cool season turfgrasses. Turfgrass coverage, chlorophyll content, turf color and growth increase of organic fertilizer preparation were significantly increased on creeping bentgrass cultivar and Kentucky bluegrass mixed cultivar for six time investigation in spring season. These results may indicate that the use of some preparation is beneficial for sod producing sod and turfgrass management.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.370-377
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• 2014

Research was initiated to evaluate cool-season grass (CSG) overseeding effects on coverage and species transition in Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and to determine CSGs and their seeding rate for a practical overseeding. Treatments were comprised of Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (TF, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and their mixtures. Significant differences were observed in turfgrass coverage and species transition. Since overseeding, the coverage was highest in PR, followed by TF and lowest in KB. The highest coverage in polystand was associated with Mixture IV (TF 50 + PR 50) at a seeding rate of $150gm^{-2}$ which had highest PR and TF, but without KB. Regarding turfgrass transition, zoysiagrass recovery continued to come back up to 80% from late March. But it reduced after early October. Zoysiagrass in monostand was greatest in KB and lowest in TF, but variable in polystand. For the fast and great coverage in winter, it would be the best to apply with PR at $100gm^{-2}$ and equal combination of PR and TF by 1/2 in the mixture at $150gm^{-2}$. For the smooth spring transition to zoysiagrass, however, KB application at $50gm^{-2}$ is recommended.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

Wetting agent is a substance that reduces the soil water repellency and causes a liquid to spread more easily into the soil. Wetting agents are well known as to improve irrigation efficiency. Phosphorus is one of the 17 essential nutrient elements and promote faster seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate wetting agent and P rates for fast germination and establishment of Kentucky bluegrass. Three levels of wetting agent which were 0.23, 0.46, and $0.92ml\;m^{-2}$ were applied and the P treatments were 5, 10, and $15g\;m^{-2}$. The medium and high rate of wetting agent at the high P rate had the greatest turfgrass coverage and took 28 days to reach 50% turfgrass coverage regardless of P application. Based on this study, wetting agent is effective for fast germination and establishment of Kentucky bluegrass if sufficient phosphorus is applied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Cool-season turfgrass is a rapidly increasing of usage for the revegetation of waterside slopes in dams, lakes and rivers. The purpose of this research is to identify the flooding tolerance of cool-season turfgrass with respect to the flooding periods of 0(control), 2, 4 and 6 days, respectively. The surface coverage ratio, turfgrass injury and soil moisture content were measured to assess the flooding tolerance of cool-season turfgrass. The increase in the flooding periods with 4 and 6 days resulted in the lower surface coverage ratio for cool-season turfgrass while no significant difference was found in the 2 days flooding when compared to 0 day (the control plot) flooding plot. In case of the turfgrass injury and the soil moisture content, however, the higher values were found with the increase of flooding periods in 2, 4 to 6 days. We observed that the higher the turfgrass injury and soil moisture content increased, the lower the surface covrage ratio decreased. In these regards, we also observed that the tolerance of cool season turfgrass were high in the 2 days flooding condition, medium in the 4 days flooding condition and low in the 6 days flooding condition. The flooding tolerance of cool-season turfgrass was gradually weakened in over 2 days flooding periods due to $O_2$ deficiency in the anaerobic soil condition. Therefore, we could suggest cool-season turfgrass within 2 days flooding periods for the revegetation of waterside slopes in dams, lakes and rivers.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 1997

A high seed yield '232' was evaluated for morphological characteristics and tissue culture re-sponse. The effect of mowing and urea application on coverage in '232' was also studied and the results were as follows ;1.'232' produced high seed yield than any other lines, but its other characteristics such as coverage, establishment rate, stolon length, stolon number and colour change were not good. 2.Callus induction of '232'(52.9%) was relatively high, and higher than that of Z. sinica(49.0%). However, embryogenic callus formation of '232' was not as good as that of Z. japonica and Z. sinica. 3.Coverage of '232' was very much enhanced by mowing on July 18, but not at all by mowing on May 29 and September 4. 4.Urea application did not increase the coverage in '232',Therefore, it can be used as a breeding material rather than direct use.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.173-185
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• 1995

Hydroseeding technique is a very popular method of revegetating slope areas through the control of soil erosion and stability by seeding grasses. This study was conducted to select turfgrass species and cultivars for hydroseeding. Experiment plots were established on various soil types and environmental conditions at Singar-Ansan high-way construction site. The investigation was designed in three cutting, one back-filling and other three spare sites with various seed mixtures. Results indicated that combinations of seed mixtures influenced seed germination and rates of surface cover. In a view of long term, vegetation shifts should be influenced by characters of slopes and micro-climate conditions. Hydroseeding did not show good results on rocky slope areas. Revegetation was only going on where there had soil. The combination of seed mixture with a higher rate of perennial ryegrass had relatively good revegetation with faster germination and seedling growth. Improved turf-type tall fescue Arid ⓡ and Falcon ⓡ seemed to have good environ-mental adaptation and drought tolerance. Wild or old type cultivars showed relatively slow green-up in spring and growth rates at the next year of seeding. For the harmonious landscaping with surrounding area, the combination of native grass mixture with cool-season grasses had good results. Slow and low revegetation rate at hack-filling site seemed to be caused by the poor development of capillary tubes in sub-soil. It was shown that a high correlation between seed germination and revegetation rate, and between three-month later coverage rate and final rate. The evaluation of coverage rate after three month seems to he acceptable to decide the accomplishment of hydroseeding results on rode side slopes.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

Synthetic turfgrass was developed for longer durability than natural turfgrass. As synthetic turfgrass use increases, disadvantage was exposed and composite turfgrass was designed to reinforce disadvantage of synthetic turfgrass. However, A few researches were conducted to evaluate composite turfgrass in South Korea. Therefore, this research was conducted to select a turfgrass species to maximize practical use of composite turfgrass. In 14 Oct. 2006 synthetic turfgrass was established in the research center in Hanul Sports Turf, Inc. located Hapcheon-Gun, Gyunggnam province. Kentucky bluegrass, Tall fescue, and a mixture of Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial ryegrass were used to combine with synthetic turfgrass. Wide and narrow types of synthetic turfgrass were used. As temperature increase, coverage of tall fescue and the mixture reduced but Kentucky bluegrass had the best result of turfgrass coverage although there were no differences on turfgrass quality among types of turfgrass.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.88-93
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• 2007

Since the 1990s, the application of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars has increased in newly-constructed Korean golf courses as opposed to the previously-used zoysiagrass. However, there have been few reports studying the selection and characterization of these Kentucky bluegrass cultivars under Korean weather conditions. A total of 12 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars were tested for their adaptability in environmental stresses during summer conditions in Korea in order to select the best Kentucky bluegrass cultivars for use in Korean golf courses. This study found that two Kentucky bluegrass cultivars ('Midnight' and 'Bluestone') maintained their green throughout the summer season and had a high degree of root density, as compared to the other cultivars tested. These two cultivars also had a good rate of coverage in the early growth period. These characteristics make them suitable for application on sports fields and golf courses, which receive many divots and the frequent replacement of turfgrass sod caused by both biotic and abiotic stress. Two other cultivars, the 'Ginney' and 'Nuglade', also displayed good visual quality and high rate of coverage under summer conditions. In conclusion, the 'Midnight' and 'Bluestone' cultivars performed well in areas including the maintenance of their green color, the number of roots and the rate of coverage during the summer months. These characteristics are necessary for golf courses sports fields, which receive many divots and requirethe frequent replacement of turfgrass. further research on a range of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars, including a sensitivity test for many pathogens and recovery rates from a variety of stresses, is required in the near future.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 1998

These experiments were conducted to compare the growth characteristics, cold and drought tolerances, disease tolerance and color of the 23 varieties of four different species of cool-season turfgrass introduced from the United States of America and Europe at Yonam College in 1995. Newport and Glade of 8 Kentucky bluegrass varieties were recorded better marks than others. Newport variety was recorded the good marks in the disease tolerance of summer seasons, uniformity, coverage and texture, but the bad marks in color, drought tolerance and rust tolerance and stay green of automn seasons. Glade variety was recorded the good marks in the disease tolerance of summer seasons, uniformity and coverage, but the bad marks in drought tolerance, texture and Pythium blight tolerance. Revel and Revel Jr of 5 tall fescue varieties were recorded better marks than others in color, shoot density, uniformity, coverage, and tolerance of Pythium and Fusarium blight disease. All of red fescue varieties died of disease for rainy season however texture was the finest of all the species in spring season. Dandy of 4 ryegrass varieties was recorded better marks than others in color, shoot density, coverage, drought tolerance and tolerance of Pythium and Fusarium blight disease but texture.