• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.819-822
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• 2002

It is necessary for the numerical simulation of 3-dimensional incompressible isotropic decaying turbulence to construct 3-dimensional initial velocity field which resembles the fully developed turbulence. Although the previous velocity field generation method proposed by Rogallo(1981) satisfies continuity equation and 3-dimensional energy spectrum, it has limitation, as indicated in his paper, that it does not produce the higher velocity moments(e. g. velocity derivative skewness) characteristic of real turbulence. In this study, a new velocity field generation method which is able to control velocity derivative skewness of initial velocity field is proposed. Brief descriptions of the new method and a few parameters which is used to control velocity derivative skewness are given. A large eddy simulation(LES) of isotropic decaying turbulence using dynamic subgrid-scale model is carried out to evaluate the performance of the initial velocity field generated by the new method. It was shown that the resolved turbulent kinetic energy decay curve and the resolved enstrophy decay curve from the initial field of new method were more realistic than those from the initial field of Rogallo's method. It was found that the dynamic model coefficient from the former was initially half the stationary value and experienced relatively short transition period, though that from the latter was initially zero and experienced relatively longer transition period.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 1994

가로흐름이 존재하는 천해역으로 방출되는 표면온배수에 의한 온도장의 정확한 예측을 위한 근해역 2차원 수치모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형은 4-방정식 난류모델로서 열적 시간상수에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 없는 2-방정식 난류모델의 단점을 극복하기 위하여 변동온도 자승 평균항 및 그것의 감쇠율에 대한 전달방정식을 2-방정식 모델의 전달방정식에 추가한 모델이다. 또한, 부력생성항 및 난류 열플럭스항을 도입하여 연직방향 확산현상을 고려하고자 하였다. 개발된 수치모형을 간단한 단면을 갖는 개수로 정상류의 경우에 대하여 적용하였으며, 그 결과를 기존의 실험결과 및 2-방정식 난류모델을 사용한 수치계산결과와 비교하였다. 4-방정식 모형에 의한 계산결과가 2-방정식 모형보다 실험결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 제트 포획 및 안정화 영역에서 온배수의 물리적 특성을 잘 재현하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.971-976
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• 2018

관망의 해석은 관망의 설치, 운영에서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 이를 위한 연구 방법은 1차원 모형과 3차원 모형이 있으나 각각은 정확도와 계산속도의 면에서 관망 해석에 장점과 한계점을 보인다. 2차원 모형의 경우 1차원 모형과 달리 난류 점성을 이용하여 보다 정확한 마찰을 모의할 수 있게 하는데, 이때 사용되는 난류 점성을 모의하는 모형은 Five-Region Turbulence Model을 이용하였다. 그러나 이들 모형에 사용되는 매개 변수들은 실험에 의한 값이기 때문에 이러한 매개변수에 따른 2차원 부정류 해석 방법의 응답 특성을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 실제 상수관망에서의 수격압 데이터와 부정류 해석 모형으로 부터의 수격압 데이터를 비교하고, 다양한 매개변수에 따른 속도 분포 모의 특성을 조사하였다. 이를 통해서, 난류해석 모형의 마찰 거동과 매개변수와의 관계를 규명하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2010

Fluid-elastic instability and turbulence-induced vibration of steam generator U-tubes of a nuclear power plant are studied numerically to investigate the effect of design changes of support structures in the upper region of the tubes. Two steam generator models, Model A and Model B, are considered in this study. The main design features of both models are identical except for the conditions of vertical and horizontal support bars. The location and number of vertical and horizontal support bars at the middle of the U-bend region in Model A differs from that of Model B. The stability ratio and the amplitude of turbulence-induced vibration are calculated by a computer program based on the ASME code. The mode shape with a large modal displacement at the upper region of the U-tube is the key parameter related to the fretting wear between the tube and its support structures, such as vertical, horizontal, and diagonal support bars. Therefore, the location and the number of vertical and horizontal support bars have a great influence on the fretting wear mechanism. The variation in the stability ratios for each vibrational mode is compared with respect to Model A and Model B. Even though both models satisfy the design criteria, Model A shows substantial improvements over Model B, particularly in terms of having greater amplitude margins in the turbulence-excited vibration (especially at the inner region of the tube bundle) and better stability ratios for the fluid-elastic instability.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.315-330
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• 2006

Flow and scalar dispersion around Cheomseongdae are numerically investigated using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the renormalization group (RNG) $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence closure scheme. Cheomseongdae is an ancient astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, Korea, and is chosen as a model obstacle because of its unique shape, that is, a cylinder-shaped architectural structure with its radius varying with height. An interesting feature found is a mid-height saddle point behind Cheomseongdae. Different obstacle shapes and corresponding flow convergences help to explain the presence of the saddle point. The predicted size of recirculation zone formed behind Cheomseongdae increases with increasing ambient wind speed and decreases with increasing ambient turbulence intensity. The relative roles of inertial and eddy forces in producing cavity flow zones around an obstacle are conceptually presented. An increase in inertial force promotes flow separation. Consequently, cavity flow zones around the obstacle expand and flow reattachment occurs farther downwind. An increase in eddy force weakens flow separation by mixing momentum there. This results in the contraction of cavity flow zones and flow reattachment occurs less far downwind. An increase in ambient wind speed lowers predicted scalar concentration. An increase in ambient turbulence intensity lowers predicted maximum scalar concentration and acts to distribute scalars evenly.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.655-660
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• 2004

This paper demonstrates the numerical simulation of three dimensional flow pattern for vehicular exhaust dispersion in the street canyons. The wind flow around buildings in urban is computed by the SIMPLEST method. The convection-diffusion equation was used to compute the $NO_X$ concentration level near buildings. Details are given of important boundary conditions and turbulence quantities variations. The simple turbulence model was used for unisotropic viscous effect. A control-volume based finite-difference method with the upwind scheme is employed for discretization equation. The simple turbulence model applied in this study has been verified through comparison between predicted and measured data near buildings. By the predictive results, the updraft induced by the presence of high-rise buildings is important in the transport of street level pollutant out from the street canyons. Our suggestion for reducing ground level pollution is to have high-rise buildings constructed or to reduce the channelling effect of street canyons.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

Accurate Prediction of a supersonic missile base drag continues to defy even well-rounded CFD codes. In an effort to address the accuracy and predictability of the base drags, the influence of grid system and competitive turbulence models on the base drag is analyzed. Characteristics of some turbulence models is reviewed through incompressible turbulent flow over a flat plate, and performance for the base drag prediction of several turbulence models such as Baldwin-Lomax(B-L), Spalart-Allmaras(S-A), $\kappa-\epsilon$, $\kappa-\omega$ model is assessed. When compressibility correction is injected into the S-A model, prediction accuracy of the base drag is enhanced. The NSWC wind tunnel test data are utilized for comparison of CFD and semi-empirical codes on the accuracy of base drag predictability: they are about equal, but CFD tends to perform better. It is also found that, as angle of attack of a missile with control (ins increases, even the best CFD analysis tool we have lacks the accuracy needed for the base drag prediction.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2012

Steady flow simulations through a high pressure turbine guide vanes were carried out. The main objective of the present work is to study the performance of turbulence models on the steady flow prediction from aerodynamic and aerothermal points of view. Three turbulence models were compared, namely SST, k-${\omega}$ and ${\omega}$-Reynolds stress models. The laminar results were also compared. The comparison was done with emphasis on the isentropic Mach number and heat transfer coefficient along the blade, and total pressure loss in the wake region. The calculated isentropic Mach number showed reasonable agreement with experimental data along the blade surface for all three turbulent models. For the total pressure loss in the wake region, ${\omega}$-Reynolds stress model showed the best agreement with the experimental data. However, unless using an appropriate transition model, the heat transfer coefficients of all three turbulent models showed poor agreement with experimental data.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1067-1085
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• 2016

Nonstationary features existing in tropical storms have been frequently captured in recent field measurements, and the applicability of the stationary theory to the analysis of wind characteristics needs to be discussed. In this study, a tropical storm called Nakri measured at Taizhou Bridge site based on structural health monitoring (SHM) system in 2014 is analyzed to give a comparison of the stationary and nonstationary characteristics. The stationarity of the wind records in the view of mean and variance is first evaluated with the run test method. Then the wind data are respectively analyzed with the traditional stationary model and the wavelet-based nonstationary model. The obtained wind characteristics such as the mean wind velocity, turbulence intensity, turbulence integral scale and power spectral density (PSD) are compared accordingly. Also, the stationary and nonstationary PSDs are fitted to present the turbulence energy distribution in frequency domain, among which a modulating function is included in the nonstationary PSD to revise the non-monotonicity. The modulated nonstationary PSD can be utilized to unconditionally simulate the turbulence presented by the nonstationary wind model. The results of this study recommend a transition from stationarity to nonstationarity in the analysis of wind characteristics, and further in the accurate prediction of wind-induced vibrations for engineering structures.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.581-592
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 식생된 개수로에서의 난류 구조와 부유사 이동을 수치모의하였다. 난류폐합식으로는 $\textsc{k}-\;\varepsilon$ 난류모형을 사용하였다. 수치모의를 통해 평균유속, 난류강도, 레이놀즈 응력, 난류에너지 생성 및 소멸의 분포를 계산하였으며, 기존의 실험결과와 비교하였다. 식생에 의한 항력으로 인하여 평균유속이 전반적으로 감소되었으며, 이에 따라 난류강도와 레이놀즈 응력의 분포 역시 약화되었다. 침수식생의 경우, 식생높이보다 높은 구간에서는 전단에 의한 난류에너지 생성이 지배적이며, 식생높이 보다 낮은 구간에서는 후류에 의한 난류에너지 생성이 지배적임을 확인하였다. 또한 정수식생의 경우, 전채 수심에 걸쳐 후류에 의한 난류에너지 생성이 지배적으로 발생하였다. 대체적으로 수치모의에 의한 결과가 실험값과 유사한 양상을 보이는 것이 확인되었다. 수치모형으로부터 계산된 난류동점성계수 분포를 이용하여 부유사 보존방정식을 수치해석하였다. 식생된 개수로에서의 부유사 농도는 일반 개수로에 비해 전 수심에 걸쳐 균일하게 분포하였다. 또한 식생밀도가 증가할수록 부유사량은 감소하며, 동일한 식생밀도에 대해서는 입자의 크기가 작을수록 부유사량이 증가함을 확인하였다.