• Journal of Information Display
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.167-177
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• 2012

Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) are used to provide lighting for liquid crystal displays (LCDs). This paper presents a set of guidelines for measurement characterization and design to reduce the power consumption of CCFL LCD backlight inverters and panel electronics. The proposed methods aim to reduce the backlight power consumption by fine-tuning a back-light inverter for a specific LCD, using several methods. First, the authors describe their power measurement methodology; and next, they identify different areas for tuning a backlight inverter for a given display. The experiment results showed that power savings can range from 50 to 200mW if the backlight inverter is properly tuned. This paper also proposes an optimized configuration for light-emitting device (LED) panels to reduce power loss by selecting a LED with a specific input voltage and number of cells to help minimize power loss.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2022

Bioheavy oil, which is expanding its range of use as an alternative fuel to reduce environmental pollutant emissions, has a lot of difficulty in combustion due to its low emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx), while its low dissipation and high oxygen content in fuel. many studies have been conducted on change in characteristics by mixing rate combustion characteristics and combustion reactions, but there have been no specific and effective studies on the composition of control system, optimization of control, development of logic for mixing and burning, minimizing environmental pollutantants discharge. In this study, we intend to consider systemmatic and empirical considerations on the composition, logic development, solve the problem of manual switching of bioler master due to excessive oxygen content and tuning of the control system for optimal combustion of bioheavy oil.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2021

In 2016, an innovative liquid damper system was installed on the roof of a 35-story modular building in Brooklyn, NY to mitigate wind-induced movement of the structure. The new damper presented several advantages over traditional pendulum, liquid column or sloshing dampers, including lower fabrication and maintenance costs, modularity, and the flexibility to be tuned to a wider range of frequencies. The performance of the system was monitored on a regular basis over the past four years and found adequate, with only minor re-tuning and maintenance operations needed. Based on the experience and data gained through this project, a second iteration of the damper was developed. Called Hummingbird, the improved system further mitigates maintenance and tuning concerns, while allowing significant space savings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Vowels are characterized on the basis of formant patterns. The first formant(F1) is determined by high-low placement of the tongue, and the second formant (F2) by front-back placement of the tongue. The fundamental frequency(F0) of a soprano often exceed the normal frequency of the first formant. And the vocal intensity is boosted when F0 is high and a harmonic coincides with a formant. This is called a formant tuning. Experienced singers thus learned how to tune their formants over a resonable range by lowering the tongue to maximize their vocal intensity. So, the current study aimed to identify the formant tuning in one experienced soprano by comparing the first formants of vowel [i] in three different voice production : speech, ascending scale, and vocalize. Materials and Method : All voices recordings of vowel [i] in speech, ascending scale (from F4 note to A4 note), and vocalize(:Ridente la calam") were made with digital audio tape-corder in a sound treated room. And the captured data were analyzed by the long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the FFT algorithm of the Computerized Speech Lab(CSL, Kay elementrics, Model, 4300B). Results : Although the first formant of vowel [i] in speech was 238Hz, those of ascending scale [i] were 377Hz, 405Hz, 453Hz respectively in F4(349z), G4(392Hz), A4(440Hz) note, and 722Hz, 820Hz, 918Hz respectively in F5 (698Hz), G5(784Hz), A5(880Hz) note. In vocalize, first formants of [i] were 380Hz, 398Hz, 453Hz respectively in F4, G4, A4 note, and 720Hz, 821Hz, 890Hz respectively in F5, G5, A5 note. Conclusion : These results showed that the first formant of ascending scale and vocalize sustained higher frequency than fundamental frequency in high pitch. This finding implicates that the formant tuning of vowel [i] in ascending scale was also noted in vocalize.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2005

Ultrasonic guided waves have been widely employed for long range inspection of structures such as plates, rods and pipes. There are numerous modes with different wave velocities, and the appropriate mode selection is one of key techniques in the application of guided waves. In the present work, phase tuning by an array transducer was applied to generate ultrasonic guided waves. For this purpose, 8-channel ultrasonic pulser/receiver and their controller which enables sequential activation of each channels with given time delay were developed. Eight transducers were fabricated in order to generate guided waves by using an array transducer. The selective tuning of wave mode can be achieved by changing the interval between elements of an array transducer.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.384-389
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• 2002

A new idea of the wavelength locking module for DWDM application was investigated in the present research. Only one etalon photo-diode is generally used in the internal/external wavelength locking system. For the internal wavelength locking module with 50 GHz applications, an algle tuning method of the etalon commonly applied. However, the alignment process of the etalon with the angle tuning method is limited because the lock performance is extremely sensitive accoriding to the change of the tilting angle. In an optical viewpoint, the alignment tolerance of the locker module with the etalon PD array block was good, and the precise tuning of the wavelength was possible. The characteristics of free spectral range (FSR) and peak shift of wavelength according to the tilting angle with the locker module was investigated. For the present module, the optimized initial tilting angle was experimentally obtained.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.117-124
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• 2009

This paper describes a 3 to 5 GHz frequency synthesizer for MB-OFDM (Multi-Band OFDM) UWB (Ultra- Wideband) application using 0.13 ${\mu}m$ CMOS process. The frequency synthesizer operates in the band group 1 whose center frequencies are 3432 MHz 3960 MHz, and 4488 MHz. To cover the overall frequencies of group 1, an efficient frequency planning minimizing a number of blocks and the power consumption are proposed. And, a high-frequency VCO and LO Mixer architecture are also presented in this paper. A new mixed coarse tuning scheme that utilizes the MIM capacitance, the varactor arrays, and the DAC is proposed to expand the VCO tuning range. The frequency synthesizer can also provide the clock for the ADC in baseband modem. So, the PLL for the ADC in the baseband modem can be removed with this frequency synthesizer. The single PLL and two SSB-mixers consume 60 mW from a 1.2 sV supply. The VCO tuning range is 1.2 GHz. The simulated phase noise of the VCO is -112 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The die area is 2 ${\times}$ 2mm$^2$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2008

We investigate the effect in terms of yield of the reflectivity of both facets and of the phase of a phase tuning section on the self-pulsation (SP) characteristics of multisection complex-coupled (CC) DFB lasers with self-pulsation frequency of the THz region. When the grating phases on both facets of a multisection CC DFB laser are fixed as 0, the variation of SP frequency increases as the reflectivity of both facets increases, while that of SP frequency decreases as the coupling ratio (CR) and the coupling strength increase. For the coupling strength of 3, the range of the phase of a phase tuning section with yields greater than 80% decreases as the CR and the reflectivity of both facets increases. For the coupling strength of 4, the range of the phase of a phase tuning section with yields greater than 80% increases as the CR and the reflectivity of both facets increases.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

A Frequency synthesizer for T-DMB and mobile-DTV applications was designed using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process with 1.8V supply. PMOS transistors were chosen for VCO core to reduce phase noise. The VCO range is 920MHz-2100MHz using switchable inductors, capacitors and varactors. Varactor biases that improve varactor acitance characteristics were minimized as two, and $K_{VCO}$(VCO gain) value was aintained by switchable varactor. Additionally, VCO was designed that VCO gain and the interval of VCO gain were maintained using VCO gain compensation logic. VCO, PFD, CP and LF were verified by Cadence Spectre, and divider was simulated using Matlab Simulink, ModelSim and HSPICE. VCO consumes 10mW power, and is 56.3% tuning range. VCO phase noise is -127dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset for 1.58GHz output frequency. Total power consumption of the frequency synthesizer is 18mW, and lock time is about $140{\mu}s$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

A frequency synthesizer for DAB applications is designed using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process with 1.8V supply. NP-core type is chosen for VCO core to improve low power characteristic and symmetric characteristic of output waveform. VCO range is 1302.34 MHz - 1949.51 MHz using switchable capacitor bank and varactor bank. Varactor biases that improve varactor capacitance characteristics were minimized as two, $K_{vco}$(VCO gain) is maintained using technique of varactor bank switching. Intervals of $K_{vco}$ are maintained adding VCO frequency compensation logic. Each block of VCO and frequency synthesizer designed $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process with 1.8V supply is verified by Cadence Spectre, measured VCO consumes 9mA current, and is 39.8% tuning range, total power consumption of the frequency synthesizer is 18mW.