• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify clinical predictive factors for tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: The study involved 51 patients who underwent preoperative CRT followed by surgery between January 2005 and February 2012. Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis at a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions, followed by a boost of 5.4 Gy in 3 fractions to the primary tumor with 5 fractions per week. Three different chemotherapy regimens were used (5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, capecitabine, or tegafur/uracil). Tumor responses to preoperative CRT were assessed in terms of tumor downstaging and pathologic complete response (ypCR). Statistical analyses were performed to identify clinical factors associated with pathologic tumor response. Results: Tumor downstaging was observed in 28 patients (54.9%), whereas ypCR was observed in 6 patients (11.8%). Multivariate analysis found that predictors of downstaging was pretreatment relative lymphocyte count (p = 0.023) and that none of clinical factors was significantly associated with ypCR. Conclusion: Pretreatment relative lymphocyte count (%) has a significant impact on the pathologic tumor response (tumor downstaging) after preoperative CRT for locally advanced rectal cancer. Enhancement of lymphocyte-mediated immune reactions may improve the effect of preoperative CRT for rectal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 1966

As a part of studies of plant tumor induction, this experiment was prepared for the purpose of studying the ability of tumor induction and the tendency of tumor initiation in some Korean plants using the various Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. Results obtained from this experiment are as follows. The virulences of five strains used in this experiment were gradually decreased in order of strain A6Kl, B6, 11BV7, T37 and 11 BNV6. Especially strain T37 which is known to the host limited strain showed virulent effect to the most of plants given for the materials as well as strain A6Kl, B 6 and 11BV7. Concerning the grade of tumor development, in plants which has tough stem, for example, Glycine max Meer, tumor induction was not well developed after the inoculation of all strains. Particullary in Ricinus communes Linne all strains showed virulent effect but tumor tissues were declined in relation to the development of lignification. It was also confirmed that the induction of tumor tissues on plants is to delay according to the increase of the age of host plants.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2022

Histopathological analysis of biopsy specimens is still used for diagnosis and classifying the brain tumors today. The available procedures are intrusive, time consuming, and inclined to human error. To overcome these disadvantages, need of implementing a fully automated deep learning-based model to classify brain tumor into multiple classes. The proposed CNN model with an accuracy of 92.98 % for categorizing tumors into five classes such as normal tumor, glioma tumor, meningioma tumor, pituitary tumor, and metastatic tumor. Using the grid search optimization approach, all of the critical hyper parameters of suggested CNN framework were instantly assigned. Alex Net, Inception v3, Res Net -50, VGG -16, and Google - Net are all examples of cutting-edge CNN models that are compared to the suggested CNN model. Using huge, publicly available clinical datasets, satisfactory classification results were produced. Physicians and radiologists can use the suggested CNN model to confirm their first screening for brain tumor Multi-classification.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2002

Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP) is the proteolytic enzyme of the extracellular matrix. MMPs play a role in the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumor, but it is not known whether the expression of MMPs in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is related to the prognostic factors of this tumor. In this study, 32 paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were examined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10 and MMP-13. The possible relationships between the expressions of the MMPs and TNM staging, the differentiation of tumor cells, size of tumor mass and lymph node metastasis were anlaysed statistically. The results were as follows. 1. The expression of MMP-2 increased according to TNM staging (P<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) and the expression of MMP-2 was not affected by the differentiation of tumor cells or tumor size. 2. The expression of MMP-3 increased with increasing tumor size (P<0.05). However it was not related to TNM staging, the differentiation of tumor cells or lymph node metastasis. 3. The expression of MMP-10 was unrelated to TNM staging, differentiation of tumor cells, lymph node metastasis or tumor size. 4. The expression of MMP-13 increased as tumor size increased (P<0.05). However it was not related to TNM staging, the differentiation of tumor cells or lymph node metastasis. We concluded that the expression patterns of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-13 may play a role in the diagnosis, treatment plan and prognostic evaluation of malignant tumors of the tongue.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2003

In order to study the clinical usefulness of crude polysaccharides fractionated from Eleutherococcus senticosus, EN-3, in eliminating tumors, we have investigated the effect of combination therapy on the murine tumor metastasis and growth models. In experimental metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells, prophylactic intravenous (i.v.) administration of EN-3 (0.5, 5, and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mouse) inhibited tumor metastasis compared with tumor control group in 33.6, 66.8, and 81.8％ respectively. The administration of EN-3 (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mouse) also exhibited a 66.1％ therapeutic effect on lung tumor metastasis. Although EN-3 induced no toxic effect on both tumor cell and normal splenocyte in the concentration below 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι in in vitro, it induced significant proliferating activity on normal splenocyte in the concentration-dependent manner. In an analysis of NK-cell activity, i.v. administration of EN-3 (4∼100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mouse) significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity to YAC-1 tumor cells. The combination treatments of cisplatin (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$) and EN-3 (5 $\mu\textrm{g}$) induced synergistic effect on the inhibition of tumor metastasis in experimental tumor metastasis model produced by colon26-M3.1 cells. In addition, the combination treatments also exhibited prolongation of lifespan in S∼180 tumor bearing mouse for over the 60 days. Even though cisplatin (2.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι) exhibited cytotoxicity to tumor cells and inhibited tumor growth over 95％ in in vitro, combination treatment with EN-3 (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι) was induced splenocyte proliferation and produced cytokines, such as TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1 and IL-12, from the macrophages. These results suggested that EN-3 stimulate immune system non-specifically and apply to the biological response modifiers (BRM) in chemo-immunotherapy for tumor prevention.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2015

Background: Treatment of skull base tumors is challenging due to limited access and presence of important neurovascular structures nearby. The success of a complete tumor resection depends on the extent of tumor exposure and secure field of view. While these tumors are often removed by transcranial endoscopic access, transfacial approach is sometimes required depending on the location and size of the tumor. This study describes various transfacial approaches in patients undergoing skull base tumor resection. Methods: From March to November 2013, 15 patients underwent skull base tumor resection via transfacial accesses at a tertiary institution. Data were reviewed for patient demographics, type of access used, completeness of tumor resection, surgical outcome, and postoperative complications. Results: Two clivus tumor patients underwent transmaxillary approach; three tuberculum-sellae and suprasellar-hypothalamus tumor patients underwent transbasal approach; three clinoid and retrobulbar intraconal orbital tumor patients underwent orbitozygomatic approach; and seven petroclival-area, pons, cavernous sinus, and lateral-sphenoid-wing tumor patients underwent zygomatic approach. In all cases, the upper and lower margins of the tumor were visible. Complete tumor removal consisted of 10 cases, and partial tumor removal in 5. There were no immediate major complications observed for the transfacial portion of the operations. The overall cosmetic results were satisfactory. Conclusion: Plastic surgeons can use various transfacial approaches according to the location and size of skull base tumors to secure a sufficient field of view for neurosurgeons.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2007

Anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) has been evaluated against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of Euphorbia hirta was effective in reducing solid tumor mass development induced by EAC cells. It exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in mice, when used at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day i.p., for 14days. The administration of Euphorbia hirta (100 mg/kg/day i.p.) resulted in an increase (P<0.001) of the life span (59.9%) of ascites tumor bearing mice as compared to the control group. After 14 days, on developed tumor masses, Euphorbia hirta administration brought about significant reduction in tumor volume and it reverse the changes in the hematological parameters, responding to tumor inoculation. The results are indicative of the anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta against EAC induced tumor in a dose dependent manner.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.457-466
• /
• 1992

An 11 years old Irish Setter bitch was euthanlzed and necropsied because of clinical findings such as severe purulent nasal discharge and formation of large tumor mass, 8 ${\times}$8cm in size, in the abdominal cavity. A complete unilateral mastectomy had been carried out twice 14 and 22 months before necropsy. The surgically removed masess of the mammary glands had been diagnosed as malignant mixed tumor in each time. Grossly, tumor masses were observed in nasal cavity, infralumbar lymph node, lung, abdominal cavityn and brain. Microscopic findings of the surgically removed masses consisted of tumor epithelial cells, tumor hyaline cartilage-like structures and abundant connective tissues. The mass of the lymph node had similar microscopic features to those of the original malignant mixed tumor of the mammary glands. The tumor osseous tissue and osteoid were observed in the abdominal cavity, lung, and brain. Myoepithelial cells were frequently found on association with the metastatic tumors. From the results, it was concluded that malignant mixed tumor of the mammary glands metastasized to the infralunbar lymph node, abdominal cavity, lung and brain. In addition, the observation in this study supported two theories at the same time that the bone in malignant mixed tumor arises by endochondral ossification of the cartilage formed by the myoepithelial cells and arises by intramembranous ossification of stromal connective tissue or transformed myeopithelial cells. Solid carcinoma of the nasal epielia and granulosa cell tumor were also diagnosed in a mass of the nasal cavity and of the ovaries respectively.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.158-168
• /
• 2009

Tumor therapy using cytokines has been developed for last two decades. Several recombinant cytokines and tumor cell vaccines produced by cytokine gene transfer have been in clinical trials, but several side effects hamper routine clinical applications. Many cytokines are originally expressed as membrane-bound form and then processed to secretory form exerting paracrine effects. Though functional differences of these two types of cytokines are elusive yet, the membrane-bound form of cytokine may exert its effects on restricted target cells as a juxtacrine, which are in physical contacts. With the efforts to improve antitumor activities of cytokines in cancer patients, developing new strategies to alleviate life-threatening side effects became an inevitable goal of tumor immunologists. Among these, tumor cell vaccines expressing cytokines as membrane-bound form on tumor cell surface have been developed by genetic engineering techniques with the hope of selective stimulation of the target cells that are in cell-to-cell contacts. In this review, recent progress of tumor cell vaccines expressing membrane-bound form of cytokines will be discussed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.24 no.10
• /
• pp.1024-1027
• /
• 1991

We experienced a case of giant cell tumor arising from the right 2nd rib in the diagnostic and therapeutic thoracotomy at our department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam Univ. Hospital in May 3rd, 1991. The reports of this tumor are very rare and are known to have the incidence of 1 percent or less of all giant cell bone tumor. The tumor of the right 2nd rib, infant head-sized, covered with parietal pleura was invaded into the vertebra on operation finding. The tumor was resected partially[three fourths] and revealed to be the giant cell tumor on pathologic finding. At now, the patient is taking the radiotherapy to achieve the therapeutic goal to the remnant tumor.