• 제목/요약/키워드: Tumor thickness

검색결과 191건 처리시간 0.025초

Rutin Improves Bone Histomorphometric Values by Reduction of Osteoclastic Activity in Osteoporosis Mouse Model Induced by Bilateral Ovariectomy

  • Lee, Hye-Hwa;Jang, Jae-Won;Lee, Jung-Kil;Park, Choon-Keun
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제63권4호
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    • pp.433-443
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    • 2020
  • Objective : Osteoporosis is a disease of unbalanced bone metabolism that results in low bone mineral density with increased bone fragility and propensity for fractures. The increased rate of bone fracture due to osteoporosis places a significant burden on public health care expenditures. Therefore, numerous studies have been designed and performed to identify the drugs or health foods that can improve the bone quality or quantity. This study was designed to evaluate and analyze the therapeutic effects of rutin on histomorphometric values of the spine and femur in an osteoporotic mouse model induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Methods : Thirty female ICR mice (8 weeks old) underwent either a sham operation (only abdominal incision, sham group, n=10) or bilateral ovariectomy (n=20). The ovariectomized (OVX) animals were randomly divided into two groups : untreated OVX group (OVX-C, n=10), or rutin-administered group (OVX-R, n=10). The OVX-C group received weight-adjusted doses of saline vehicle and the OVX-R group received 50 mg/kg of rutin intraperitoneally, starting 1 day after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, serum estrogen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus (CTX-1) were analyzed. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also analyzed. Bone histomorphometric parameters of the 4th lumbar vertebra and femur were determined by micro-computed tomography. Results : In OVX-C group, ALP, osteocalcin, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks compared to sham operation group. Rutin administration after OVX statistically significantly reduced ALP, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels at 4 and 8 weeks. Rutin administration also improves bone histomorphometric parameters including trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number. Trabecular separation was also decreased in OVX-R group compared to OVX-C group. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated that rutin has therapeutic effects on improving bone histomorphometric values in an OVX mouse model. The improvement in histomorphometric values may be associated with the reduction of osteoclastic activity via inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In future studies, the mechanism for the effect of rutin on osteoporosis should be demonstrated more clearly to use rutin in human osteoporosis.

Significance of the serum CA-125 level in intrauterine insemination cycles

  • Choe, Seung-Ah;Ku, Seung-Yup;Jee, Byung-Chul;Suh, Chang-Suk;Kim, Seok-Hyun;Choi, Young-Min;Kim, Jung-Gu;Moon, Shin-Young
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.164-167
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    • 2011
  • Objective: There are limited data regarding the significance of elevated serum CA-125 level during IUI cycles, even though it is used widely during the initial evaluation of infertile patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of serum CA-125 levels during IUI cycles. Methods: Among the patients with controlled ovarian stimulation and IUI cycles at Seoul National University Hospital from Jan 2005 through Dec 2009, 92 cases with no identified endometriotic lesion, ovarian tumor, salpingeal lesion, or uterine myoma were selected. To compare the clinical characteristics between the pregnancy group and the non-pregnancy group, the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: The overall pregnancy rate was 18.5% (17/92). The pregnancy group showed a higher number of follicles 16 mm in diameter ($p$=0.036), endometrial thickness ($p$ <0.001), ampules of gonadotropin ($p$=0.009), and higher body mass index ($p$=0.022) than the non-pregnancy group. No significant difference was observed in the serum CA-125 level or the proportion of patients with CA-125 exceeding 17 IU/mL between the two groups. Conclusion: The prognostic value of serum CA-125 level among infertile patients with IUI cycles is considered limited.

6MV X선에 있어서 쇄기형 조사야와 개방 조사야 사이의 깊이 선량률의 차이 (Variation in Depth Dose Data between Open and Wedge Fields for 6 MV X-Rays)

  • 우홍;류삼열;박인규
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.279-285
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    • 1989
  • Tatcher식에 의하여 조직최대선량비와 깊이선량을 6MV X-선의 중심축상에서 측정하였다. 쐐기형 조사야에 있어서 깊이, 조사야 및 쐐기의 두께 등이 증가할수록 깊이선량은 개방 조사야에 비하여 크기가 증가하였다. 그러나 쐐기형 조사야에 있어서 조직산란보정 계수는 개방 조사야에 비하여 그 차이가 $1\%$ 미만이었다. 두 조사야에 있어서 중심축상의 깊이선량백분률의 차이가 발생하는 것은 쐐기에 의해서 X-선이 강화됨을 의미한다. 같은 각도의 쇄기에서 깊이선량백분률과 산란보정계수의 명목쐐기형 조사야와 유효쐐기형 조사야사이의 차이는 없었다. 개방조사야에서 조사야 $6cm{\times}6cm$, 깊이 7cm의 깊이선량백분률은 명목 또는 유효쐐기형 조사야 보다 $3.26\%$가 더 컸다. 그러나 조사야 $(10cm{\times}10cm)$가 커질수록 깊이선량백분률의 차이는 명목 또는 유효쐐기형 조사야보다 더 증가하였다-선량계측차이는 깊이 7cm에서 $3.56\%$, 12cm에서는 $5.30\%$였다 그러므로 심부종양치료시 선량의 계산이나 모니터세팅은 각 쐐기의 깊이 백분선량률과 투과율을 사용하여야 오차를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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금은화가 LPS로 유발된 급성 폐 손상에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Lonicerae Flos Extracts on LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury)

  • 이창건;최해윤;박미연;김종대
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.49-69
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    • 2011
  • Objective : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Lonicerae Flos (LF) aqueous extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat acute lung injury. Method : Five different dosages of LF extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days before LPS treatments, and then all rats were sacrificed after 5 hour-treatment of LPS. Eight groups of 16 rats each were used in the present study. The following parameters caused by LPS treatment were observed ; body weights, lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit, arterial gas parameters (pH, $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) contents, total cell numbers, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, lung malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), proinflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents. In addition, the histopathologic changes were observed in the lung in terms of luminal surface of alveolus, thickness of alveolar septum, number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Result : As results of LPS-injection, dramatical increases in lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit increases, increases in $PaCO_2$, decreases in pH of arterial blood and $PaO_2$, increases of BALF protein, LDH, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents, total cells, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents increases were detected with decreases in LSA and increases of alveolar septum and PMNs numbers, respectively as compared with intact control. These are means that acute lung injuries (resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome) are induced by treatment of LPS mediated by inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these LPS-induced acute lung injuries were inhibited by 28 days continuous pretreatment of 250 and 500mg/kg of LF extracts. Because of lower three dosages of LF treated groups, 31.25 and 62.5 and 125mg/kg did not showed any favorable effects as compared with LPS control, the effective dosages of LF in LPS-induced acute lung injuries in the present study, is considered as about 125mg/kg. The effects of 250mg/kg of LF extracts showed almost similar effects with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid 60mg/kg in preventing LPS-induced acute lung injuries. Conclusion : It seems that LF play a role in protecting the acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by LPS.

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid가 lipopolysaccharide에 의한 생쥐 뇌조직의 염증성 사이토카인과 해마신경세포 자연사에 미치는 영향 (Effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice)

  • 이지승;권만재;권수현;김지호;문지영;조윤정;신정원;이종수;손낙원
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : $18{\beta}$-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18betaGA) is an metabolite of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza (licorice). The present study investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect of 18betaGA on the brain tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Methods : 18betaGA was administered orally with low (30 mg/kg) and high (100 mg/kg) doses for 3 days prior to LPS (3 mg/kg) injection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA were measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction at 24 h after the LPS injection. Histological changes of Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) neurons, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results : 18betaGA significantly attenuated the up-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 mRNA, and COX-2 mRNA expression in the brain tissues induced by the LPS injection. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the reductions of the thickness of CA1 and the number of CA1 neurons. The up-regulation of Bax protein expression in the hippocampal tissue by the LPS injection was significantly attenuated, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression was increased by 18betaGA treatment. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression in the CA1 of the hippocampus. Conclusion : This results indicate that 18betaGA has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect under neuroinflammation induced by the LPS injection and suggest that 18betaGA may be a beneficial drug for various brain diseases accompanied with the brain tissue inflammation.

소경활혈탕가미방(疎經活血湯加味方)의 관절염에 미치는 효과 (Anti-Arthritic Effect of Sogyunghwalhyel-tang-gamibang)

  • 조주현;임지성;김종규;박중현;최학순;황규원;송용선
    • 한방재활의학과학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.33-46
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    • 2021
  • Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of Sogyunghwalhyel-tang-gamibang (SGHHTGB) in cell and animal models and also to suggest one of putative mechanisms underlying its anti-arthritic effects. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in culture medium and blood serum and nitric oxide (NO) was assayed by Griess reagent. The expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by Western blot method. Results In a cell model using RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the drug, at its non-cytotoxic concentrations, inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, it suppressed the expression of the inflammatory enzyme iNOS and COX-2, and reduced the synthesis of the enzyme product NO (as stable nitrite) and PGE2 in activated macrophages. Meanwhile, in an animal model using rheumatic arthritis (RA) mice induced with injection of type II collagen antibody (CAb) and LPS, the drug improved clinical symptom of arthritis and reduced paw thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration. In blood of RA mice, the drug reduced serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, nitrite, and PGE2, all inflammatory mediators produced by activated macrophages. Conclusions SGHHTGB may ameliorate CAb and LPS-induced RA in mice, presumably by inactivating macrophages that are capable of initiating joint inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and expressing inflammatory enzymes.

The Protective Effects of Statins towards Vessel Wall Injury Caused by a Stent Retrieving Mechanical Thrombectomy Device : A Histological Analysis of the Rabbit Carotid Artery Model

  • Lee, Seung Hwan;Shin, Hee Sup;Oh, Inho
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제64권5호
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    • pp.693-704
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    • 2021
  • Objective : Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been regarded as one of the standard treatments for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. Despite the wide use of stent retrievers for MT, arterial intimal damage caused when deployed stent is pulled has been a certain disadvantage. We hypothesized that statin could protect and stabilize vessel damage after endovascular MT using a stent retriever. In this animal study, we observed the protective effects of the statins towards MT-induced vessel wall injury. Methods : Twenty-eight carotid arteries of fourteen rabbits were used in the experiments with MT using stent retriever. We divided the rabbits into four groups as follows : group 1, negative control; group 2, positive control; group 3, statin before MT; and group 4, statin after MT. After MT procedures, we harvested the carotid arteries and performed histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results : In histomorphological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stain, significant intimal thickening (p<0.05) was observed in the positive control (group 2), compared to in the negative control (group 1). Intimal thickening was improved in the statin-administered groups (groups 3 and 4 vs. group 2, p<0.05). We also observed that statin administration after MT (group 4) resulted in a more effective decrease in intimal thickness than statin administration before MT (group 3) (p<0.05). We performed immunohistochemical analysis with the antibodies for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cluster of differentiation (CD)11b, and CD163. In contrast to the negative control (group 1), the stained percentage areas of all immunological markers were markedly increased in the positive control (group 2) (p<0.05). Based on statin administration, the percentage area of TNF-α staining was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in group 3, compared to the positive control group (group 2). However, significant differences were not observed for CD11b and CD163 staining. In group 4, no significant differences were observed for TNF-α, CD11b, and CD163 staining (p≥0.05). The differences in the percentage areas of the different markers between the statin-administered groups (groups 3 and 4) were also not revealed. Conclusion : We presented that statin administration before and after MT exerted protective effects towards vessel wall injury. The efficacy of statins was greater post-administration than pre-administration. Thus, statin administration in routine prescriptions in the peri-procedural period is strongly advised.

Effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the physiological response, litter performance, blood profiles, immune response, and milk composition of lactating sows

  • Tae Wook, Goh;Jinsu, Hong;Hong Jun, Kim;Sun Woo, Kang;Yoo Yong, Kim
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.264-274
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the physiological response, litter performance, blood profiles, immune response, and milk composition of lactating sows. Methods: A total of 50 multiparous F1 sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with an average body weight (BW) of 233.6±4.30 kg and an average parity of 4.00±0.307 and their litters were used in this experiment. All sows were allotted to one of five treatments, taking into consideration BW, backfat thickness, and parity in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet. Results: All treatments added with β-glucan or vitamin E were statistically higher in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lactating sows compared to those of the control (Diet, p<0.01). Additionally, the ADFI of lactating sows was significantly higher in the groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan (BG, p<0.01). There was an increasing trend in piglet weight at weaning (BG, p = 0.07), litter weight at the 21st day of lactation (BG, p = 0.07) and litter weight gain (BG, p = 0.08) in groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan. The addition of 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet increased vitamin E concentration significantly in lactating sows (VE, p<0.01) and exhibited a trend for higher concentrations of vitamin E (VE, p = 0.09) in piglets. Adding 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan induced a decrease in the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α in lactating sows (BG, p = 0.06) and in piglets (BG, p = 0.09) on the 21st day of lactation. There were no significant differences in the milk composition of sows. Conclusion: Adding 0.1% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg to a lactating sow's diet was beneficial to the growth performance of piglets by leading to an increase in the feed intake of sows and efficiently supplying vitamin E to both the sows and piglets.

생체골의 열전도성 및 열처리된 골의 염전력 변화에 대한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Studies on Heat Conductivity of Human Bone and Torsional Strength of Pasteurized Porcine Tibia)

  • 박일형;김신근;신동규;인주철
    • 대한골관절종양학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 1995
  • 인체골 4 시편(specimen)과 돼지 경골 25쌍을 이용하여, 생체골의 열전도성 측정과 열처리후 열처리온도와 시간에 따른 골의 염전력을 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 인체골에 있어서 골수강을 제거하지 않고 $60^{\circ}C$의 항온식염수에서 열처리하면, 골심부의 온도가 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $58^{\circ}C$에 도달하는데 소요된 시간은 경골근위부가 32분 50초, 대퇴골 원위부가 30.분, $80^{\circ}C$ 항온조에서는 경골근위부가 12분 50초, 대퇴골 원위부가 11분 10초 소요되었다. 돼지 경골간부의 피질골내부(endosteum)에 열전대를 부착하고 뼈 양끝을 밀봉하여 같은 실험을 행한 결과 $50^{\circ}C$까지는 시간에 비례해서 일정한 비율로 온도상승이 이루어 졌으며, $20^{\circ}C$에서 $58^{\circ}C$에 이르는 시간이 $60^{\circ}C$ 항온조에서는 7분, $70^{\circ}C$에서는 3분 30초, $80^{\circ}C$에서는 2분이었다. 따라서 임상에서 골수강을 제거 후 장골의 간부(shaft) 만을 항온조에 달굴때는 골구강내에도 데워진 심염수로 가득차게 되므로 상기 시간의 절반이 못되는 짧은 시간내에 피질골의 내부가 $58^{\circ}C$에 이르리라고 판단되었다. 골수강을 소파하지 않은 돼지 경골을 각각 4쌍씩 우측만을 $60^{\circ}C$ 35분, $80^{\circ}C$ 15분 열처리한 후 실험군의 최대염전력은 대조군과 비교할 때 +7.0%, -5.1%, -3.2%, -4.2%의 변화가 있었고, $80^{\circ}C$ 15분 열처리후는 -4.3%, -3.8%, -1.4%(1예는 실험 오류로 제외됨)의 변화가 있었다. 골수강을 완전 제거한 되재 경골을 각각 4쌍씩 우측만을 $60^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$에서 15분 열처리 후 실험군의 최대염전력은 대조군과 비교할 때 -3.4%, -4.2%, -0.7%, +2.7%의 변화가 있었고, $70^{\circ}C$ 15분 열처리후는 -2.8%, -3.9%, -2.1%(1예는 실험 오류로 제외됨)의 변화가 있었으며, $80^{\circ}C$ 15분 열처리후는 +5.2%, -4.4%, -2.9%, -0.3%의 염전력 변화가 있었다. 그러므로 골수강을 제거하지 않고 $80^{\circ}C$ 35분, $60^{\circ}C$ 15분 열처리 하거나, 골수강을 완전소파 후 $60^{\circ}C$ 15분, $70^{\circ}C$ 15분, $80^{\circ}C$ 15분 열처리해서는 각군사이에 염전력의 유의한 차이는없었다. 이상의 결과로 돼지 경골의 경우 $60^{\circ}C$ 항온에서는 35분까지, $80^{\circ}C$이하의 항온에서는 15분까지 열처리하여도 골강도에는 거의 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

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조기 위암에서 CT Gastrography를 이용한 위점막 표면 거리 측정 (Measurement of the Mucosal Surface Distance in the Early Gastric Cancer Using CT Gastrography)

  • 최향희;유완식;염헌규;이재혁;최재정;김희수;;;정호영
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 2006
  • 목적: 위암의 조기발견이 갈수록 많아져서 근래에는 수술 환자에서 조기위암의 비율이 50%를 넘고 있다. 그런데 조기위암은 수술 중 촉각이나 시각에 의해 인지되지 않는 경우가 드물지 않게 있으며 수술 전 위 내시경조차도 병변의 위치에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공하지 못하여 술 중에 절제범위를 결정하는 데 어려움이 있다. 저자들은 이 연구를 통하여 1) CT gastrography를 이용하여 해부학적 경계지점에서부터 조기 위암 병변까지의 생체내 실제의 표면 거리를 측정할 수 있는 소프트웨어를 개발하고 2) 개발된 소프트웨어에 의해 측정된 거리와 술 후 병리 표본에 의해 측정된 거리를 비교하여 수술에서의 유용성을 알고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 1월부터 2005년 9월까지 경북대학교 병원에서 술 전 복부 3차원 CT gastrography를 촬영하고 위 절제술을 시행한 60명의 조기 위암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들은 남자 45명, 여자 15명이었으며 평균 연령은 57.8세였다. 수술 전 컴퓨터 단층촬영은 5 Fr 비위장관을 통해 실내 공기를 흡입시킨 후 시행되었고 이 영상은 절편 두께 0.625 mm의 thin section과 kVp:120, mAs:200의 low dose radiation의 Protocol을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 표면거리 측정 소프트웨어를 Rapidia 2.8 CT 3차원 재구성 프로그램과 연동하여 3차원 볼륨 렌더링 및 조기 위암 병변에서 유문, 또는 분문까지의 표면 거리를 측정하였고, 술 후 병리 표본에 의해 측정된 거리와 개발된 소프트웨어에 의해 술 전 생체 내에서 측정된 거리 사이의 관계를 평가하였다. 결과: 병소와 유문, 또는 분문 사이의 거리에 대한 병리 표본과 CT gastrography로부터 측정된 거리간의 차이는 $5.04{\pm}2.97\;mm(range,\;0{\sim}11\;mm)$였으며 CT gastrography에 기초한 거리측정은 병리표본에 비하여 18명의 환자에서는 더 길었고 3명의 환자에서는 더 짧았다. CT gastrography로 측정된 술 전 생체 내 표면거리와 술 후 병리 표본에서 측정된 거리 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.995, P<0.01). 결론: 이러한 결과들은 해부학적 경계지점으로부터 조기위암 병변까지의 표면 거리가 CT gastrography에 의해 정확하게 측정될 수 있다는 사실을 시사한다. 이 기법은 수술적 절제의 적절한 범위를 결정하기 위한 조기 위암의 술 전 위치 결정에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

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