• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between the levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in the peritoneal fluid of women with and without endometriosis and infertile women. Methods: This study is prospective and case-control study in University hospital, enrolled thirty-four women with laparoscopic findings of minimal to severe endometriosis, and thirty-seven women with no visual evidence of pelvic endometriosis and with benign gynecologic disease. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ levels in peritoneal fluid were determined using commercial ELISA. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations were compared among women with and without endometriosis, and with infertile and fertile women, and then also compared according the revised American Fertility Society classification. Results: IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations were higher than in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis than in matched normal controls. Cyclic variations in IL-6 concentrations were seen in peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis: the concentrations in the secretory phase were significantly higher than those in the proliferative phase. The concentrations were higher than among of infertile women than in fertile women. A significant correlation between IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ concentrations and endometriosis stage III and IV was noted. Conclusion: Increased levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in patients with endometriosis in the peritoneal fluid may be relate to the pathogenesis of endometriosis suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in patients with endometriosis.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.74-74
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.608-611
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• 1998

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Helicobacter pylori is the definitive carcinogen for stomach cancer and is known to induce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-1(IL-1) in the stomach. Based on our findings that TNF-$\alpha$ is an endogenous tumor promoter, we identified the TNF-$\alpha$ inducing protein (Tip$\alpha$) gene family, and confirmed Tip$\alpha$ and HP-MP1 as new carcinogenic proteins of H. pylori. Tip$\alpha$ protein is unique to H. pylori, and this paper shows the strong tumor promoting activity of Tip$\alpha$ gene family, in cooperation with Ras protein and its mechanisms of action in relation to NF-${\kappa}B$ activation, and discusses the carcinogenic role of Tip$\alpha$ in stomach cancer. Our recent finding showing that penicillin-binding proteins of other bacteria are weak homologues of Tip$\alpha$ is also discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3381-3384
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• 2016

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a key factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). About 350 million people are affected by chronic infection which is related to the rapid development of liver diseases as well as hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in the liver demonstrates a major genetic polymorphism which is involved in resistance or susceptibility to chronic HBV infection. Materials and Methods: In this study, two populations were studied by the sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method: HBV cases (n=409), who were HBS-Ag+, and healthy controls (n=483). Results: The results shown that the frequency of TNF-${\alpha}$ -308 G/G genotype in healthy controls (47.2%) was significantly higher than in HBV infected patients (28%) (CI = 1.29-2.61, OR = 1.83, P = 0.0004). Also TNF-${\alpha}$ -308 A/A and A/G genotype frequencies in the healthy controls were 4.6% and 48.2% and in patient group were 19.5% and 52.5% (CI = 2.23-7.12, p: 0.0001, OR: 3.94) respectively. Conclusions: We found that among Iranian people TNF-${\alpha}$ -308A allele not only has the highest genotype frequency but also it has the highest frequency in the world population. In addition, TNF-${\alpha}$-308 G/G polymorphism was associated with HBV resistance, whereas TNF-${\alpha}$-308A (A/A or A/G) polymorphism appeared to associated with chronic HBV infection. These data suggested that among the Iranian population, the -308 G/G polymorphism of TNF-${\alpha}$ gene promoter region has the potential to influence the susceptibility to HBV infection and it may be responsible for viral antigen clearance.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.381-382
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• 1994

Administration route dependency on the distribution of PEGylated recombinant human turor necrosis factor binding protein (rhTNFbp-PEG20K dimer) was observed following a subcutaneous (sc) and an intravenous (iv) administrationin rats. ehTNFbp-PEG20K dimer is composed of two rhTNGbp molecules (molecular weight 18, 278 daltons each) joined by polyethylene glycol 2000(PEG30K). The steady state distribution volume of rhTNFbp-PEG20K was 55 m/kg and 359 ml/kg following the i.v. and s.c. administrations, respectively. These results suggest that the distribution of ehTNFbp-PEG20K is limited within the cpillary space after i.v. administration, while rhTNFbp-PEG20K can distribute into a space (35.9% of body weight) which is between extracellylar space and total body water. A lymphatic absorption may paly a role in the distribution of rhTNFbp-PEF20K dimer following the sc administration. The present study suggests that the administration route of a lartge protein molecule should be determined depedning upon target sites.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2021

Traf4 (Tumor necrosis factor Receptor Associated Factor 4) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) - associated factors (TRAFs) family. TRAF4 is overexpressed in tumor cells such as breast cancer and associated with cytoskeleton and membrane fraction. Interestingly, TRAF4 was localized with tight junctions (TJs) proteins including OCLN and TJP1 in mammary epithelial cells. However, the expression patterns and biological function of Traf4 were not examined in preimplantation mouse embryos although Traf4-deficient mouse showed embryonic lethality or various dramatic malformation. In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial expression patterns of mouse Traf4 during preimplantation development by qRT-PCR and immunostaining, and its biological function by using siRNA injection. We found upregulation of Traf4 from the 8-cell stage onwards and apical region of cell - cell contact sites at morula and blastocyst embryos. Moreover, Traf4 knockdown led to defective TJs without alteration of genes associated with TJ assembly but elevated p21 expression at the KD morula. Taken together, Traf4 is required for TJs assembly and cell proliferation during morula to blastocyst transition.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2007

Red seaweed (Callophyllis japonica) has long formed part of the diet of Asians, but the pharmacological properties of this plant have not been evaluated. In this study, we examined the effect of an ethanol extract of C. japonica on the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells. The C. japonica extract increased the generation of NO and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), which were detected by the Griess method and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The increased production of NO by C. japonica extract was inhibited by $N^G$-monomethyl-L-arginine ($100{\mu}M$), a specific inhibitor of NO production in the L-arginine-dependent pathway, and by the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ($10-100{\mu}M$) in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that C. japonica extract stimulates the production of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cells through the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and that this extract might also inhibit the growth of the human leukemic cells.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2010

Here, we evaluated the effect of thrombin on the interleukin-6 production induced by tumor-necrosis-factor-$\alpha$ in endothelial cells. It is well known that tumor-necrosis-factor-$\alpha$ mediates inflammatory responses by activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B in endothelial cells. Here, we showed that lower concentration of thrombin decreased the production of interleukin-6 induced by tumor-necrosis-factor-$\alpha$ and this inhibitory effect of thrombin on interleukin-6 production was mediated by interacting with protease-activated-receptor-1. In addition, phosphoinositide-3-kinase was also involved the anti-inflammatory responses by lower concentration of thrombin in endothelial cells. These results suggested that lower concentration of thrombin mediated anti-inflammatory responses by interacting with protease-activated-receptor-1 on the cell membrane and phosphoinositide-3-kinase in the cell. These findings will provide the important evidence in the development of new medicine for the treatment of severe sepsis and inflammatory diseases and good clue for understanding unknown mechanisms by which thrombin showed the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities in endothelial cells.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2007

목 적 : 약침으로서 씀바귀의 염증 효과를 알아보기 위해 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 Tnf 생성을 확인하였다. 방 법: 씀바귀를 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 미리 처치한 후 LPS로 염증 반응을 유도하였다. ELISA, Western blotting, RT-PCR, 그리고 EMSA을 통해 Tnf의 생성과 발현에 대한 효과를 평가하였다. 결 과 : LPS 유도된 세포에서 씀바귀 1, 5, 10, 50 ${\mu}g/ml$의 농도는 각각 23.7, 37.8, 66.4, 86.1% Tnf 생성을 억제한 것을 ELISA 통해 확인되었다. LPS로 유도된 대식세포에서 Tnf 생성은 농도에 따라 감소하였고, Western blotting, RT-PCR 분석에서는 씀바귀 5과 50 ${\mu}g/ml$가 LPS로 유도된 대식세포에서 Tnf의 mRNA와 단백질 발현을 저해 하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 EMSA에서도 씀바귀 5과 50 ${\mu}g/ml$가 LPS로 유도된 Nf-kB를 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 고 찰 : 이런 결과는 씀바귀가 $Nf-{\kappa}B$를 저해하면서 LPS로 유발된 Tnf 생성을 감소시킨다는 것을 보여주었고, 이는 더 나아가 염증 질환에서 씀바귀가 약침으로써의 치료적 효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 고 찰 : 이런 결과는 씀바귀가 $Nf-_{k}B$를 저해하면서 LPS로 유발된 Tnf 생성을 감소시킨다는 것을 보여주었고, 이는 더 나아가 염증 질환에서 씀바귀가 약침으로써의 치료적 효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.