• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and current therapeutic strategies are limited in their effectiveness. The expressions of Rab5 and the M2 tumor-associated macrophage marker CD163 in tissues were detected by Western blot. The migration and invasion of cells were determined using a Transwell assay. The expressions of the exosome markers were evaluated by Western blot. The polarization of human macrophages (THP-1) was determined by incubation of THP-1 cells with conditioned medium or exosomes collected from MDA-MB-231 cells with indicated transfections or by a coculture system of THP-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The M1 and M2 macrophage markers were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The expression of Rab5 in TNBC was significantly higher than that in normal breast tissue. Rab5 expressions in triple-negative and luminal A breast cancer were higher than those in other molecular subtypes. Higher CD163 expression was observed in triple-negative breast cancer and in triple-negative and luminal B subtypes. Rab5 knockdown suppressed but Rab5 overexpression promoted the migration and invasion capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells. The levels of CD63 and CD9 in the medium of Rab5 knockdown cells were lower than those in control cells, whereas higher levels of CD63 and CD9 were observed in Rab5 overexpression cells. Rab5 knockdown decreased the excretion but did not alter the diameter of the exosomes. Knockdown of Rab5 facilitated the anti-tumor polarization of macrophages, which was partially reversed by Rab5 overexpression. Therefore, Rab5 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2004

목적: 위암의 혈청 종양표지자인 CEA, CA 19.9, CA 72-4가 위암의 수술 전 평가 및 수술 후 재발 감시에 있어서 유용성이 있는지의 여부를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년부터 2000년까지 위암으로 근치적 위절제술을 시행 받은 환자 중 수술 전, 수술 후 2주 그리고 6개월 간격의 추적 관찰 기간 동안 혈청 CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4 검사가 시행되었던 환자 255명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 종양표지자의 정상 참고치는 CEA의 경우 5 ng/ml, CA 19-9의 경우 36 U/ml, CA 72-4의 경우 4 U/ml로 하였다. 병기는 UICC TNM 병기분류법 제 5판에 준하여 분류하였다. 결과: 각 종양표지자의 수술 전 양성률은 CEA $10.5\%$, CA 19-9 $9.7\%$, CA 72-4 $12.4\%$였고, 세 종양표지자 모두 근치수술 후 혈청치가 감소하였다. CEA가 종양크기와 통계적인 연관성이 없는 것을 제외하고, 세 종양표지자의 수술 전 혈청치는 종양침윤깊이, 종양크기, 림프절 전이, 병기 그리고 재발과 의의있는 연관성이 있었다. 재발 환자에 있어서 종양표지자의 민감도는 CEA $43.3\%$, CA 19-9 $41.8\%$, CA 72-4 $50.0\%$였고, 특이도는 CEA $85.1\%$,CA 19-9 $96.8\%$, CA 72-4 $87.8\%$였다. 결론: CEA,CA19-9, CA 72-4의 수술 전 혈청치는 낮은 양성률 때문에 위암의 초기 진단에 유용성이 낮다. 그렇지만 수술 전 혈청치의 양성률이 종양침윤깊이, 림프절 전이, 종양크기, 병기, 재발과 연관성이 있고, 또한 수술 후 추적 관찰 중에 측정한 세 종양표지자의 혈청치도 비록 민감도는 낮지만 재발과 통계적으로 의의있는 연관성이 있다는 점을 고려해야한다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2020

Adenine, a purine base, is a structural component of essential biomolecules such as nucleic acids and adenine nucleotides. Its physiological roles have been uncovered. Adenine suppresses IgE-mediated allergy and LPS-induced inflammation. Although adenine is known to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, the effect of adenine to melamoma cells is not reported. Here, we investigated the growth inhibitory effects of adenine on B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. Adenine suppressed the proliferation of B16-F10 cells in dose-dependent manner with the maximal inhibitory dose of 2 mM. Adenine treatment induced cell death molecular markers such as PARP and caspase 3 cleavages. Pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD dramatically rescued the cell death molecular markers, cell proliferation recovered marginally. These results provide the possibility of adenine to be used as an anti-tumor agent.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

Background and Objectives Various tumor markers have been studied in an attempt to evaluate and decide the optimal treatment of the patients with head and neek squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A nuclear antigen Ki-67 is a proliferative marker of tumor cells in all phases of cell cycle except G0. c-met gene, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth tactor, may play various roles in malignant transformation. The authors evaluated the prognostic significance of Ki-67 and c-Met in surgical specimens of HNSCC to determine the relationship with the various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods Formatin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were obtained from 54 patients with HNSCC. Ki-67 and c-Met expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemical staning and were compared with the clinicopathological characteristics such as, pathologic differentiation, tumor stage, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Results Ki-67 and c-Met over-expression was detected in 66.7% and 90.7% in HNSCC. There was positive correlation of increased expression of Ki-67 with tumor stage. and clinical stage, increased expression of e-Met with tumor stage, clinical stage, and nodal status. The expression of c-Met had a significant positive relationship with Ki-67 index (p<0.05). Conclusion Therefore, Ki-67 and c-Met are useful markers of tumor progression, aggressiveness and prognosis in HNSCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1539-1544
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• 2014

Purpose: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), and Golgi protein 73 (GP73) levels have been widely used as tumor markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these tumor markers could be used to monitor short-term treatment response and recurrence of HCC in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: Between July 2012 and July 2013, 53 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed HCC were prospectively enrolled in this study. Among these, 32 patients underwent RFA, after which they were followed up prospectively at the First Hospital of Jilin University in China. Results: AFP, AFP-L3, and GP-73 values pre-RFA were not associated with tumor size, whereas AFP and GP-73 levels tended to be associated with tumor number, the presence of vascular invasion, deterioration of liver function, advanced-stage disease, and a poor performance status. GP-73 levels were dramatically elevated in the patients with hepatitis C-associated HCC. Neither pre-RFA nor 1-month post-RFA tumor marker values were associated with short-term outcome. The short-term recurrence rate of AFP-positive patients measured 1 month post-RFA was obviously higher than that of AFP-negative patients. Conclusions: AFP and GP-73 values were associated with clinical variables representing tumor growth and invasiveness, and the AFP value measured 1 month post-RFA was a strong predictor of short-term recurrence in patients with HCC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.879-890
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• 2007

The identification of tumor antigens is essential for the development of anticancer therapeutic vaccines and clinical diagnosis of cancer. SEREX (serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries) has been used to identify such tumor antigens by screening sera of patients with cDNA expression libraries. SEREX-defined antigens provide markers for the diagnosis of cancers. Potential diagnostic values of these SEREX-defined antigens have been evaluated. SEREX is also a powerful method for the development of anticancer therapeutics. The development of anticancer vaccines requires that tumor antigens can elicit antigen-specific antibodies or T lymphocytes. More than 2,000 antigens have been discovered by SEFEX. Peptides derived from some of these antigens have been evaluated in clinical trials. This review provides information on the application of SEREX for identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) for the development of cancer diagnostics and anticancer therapeutics.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. It mainly involves the abdominal or pelvic peritoneum of male adolescents. We report here the imprint cytologic features of a case of DSRCT occurring in the intraabdominal cavity of a 21-year-old man. A microscopic examination showed moderate cellularity. The tumor cells were singly arranged and arranged in clusters. The cells had round to oval nuclei with finely granular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm. Some tumor cells showed nuclear molding, and some cells had an epitheloid appearance with a large amount of lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. A rosette-like pattern was present. Spindle-shaped, fibroblastic stromal cells were occasionally found. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for the markers cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin, vimentin and neuron specific enolase (NSE).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권6호통권86호
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• pp.841-846
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• 2007

종양항원의 동정과 발견은 암 백신 및 진단개발에 매우 중요하다. 암환자의 혈청에서 종양 항원를 동정하는 SEREX가 개발되어왔다. SEREX에서 동정된 종양항원은 진단의 분자 지표 뿐 만 아니라 항암 백신 개발에 응용되고 있다. 따라서 SEREX는 종양항원 동정에 사용되어지는 매우 강력한 방법이다. 항암 백신의 개발은 동정된 종양항원이 체 또는 T cell에 기초하여 작동하는지 해명하는 것이 중요한 요소이다. 이 논문은 강력한 종양항원의 동정 방법인 SEREX 의 응용에 관하여 고찰 할 것이다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.17
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• 2020

Tregs have a role in immunological tolerance and immune homeostasis by suppressing immune reactions, and its therapeutic potential is critical in autoimmune diseases and cancers. There have been multiple studies conducted on Tregs because of their roles in immune suppression and therapeutic potential. In tumor immunity, Tregs can promote the development and progression of tumors by preventing effective anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-bearing hosts. High infiltration of Tregs into tumor tissue results in poor survival in various types of cancer patients. Identifying factors specifically expressed in Tregs that affect the maintenance of stability and function of Tregs is important for understanding cancer pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets. Thus, manipulation of Tregs is a promising anticancer strategy, but finding markers for Treg-specific depletion and controlling these cells require fine-tuning and further research. Here, we discuss the role of Tregs in cancer and the development of Treg-targeted therapies to promote cancer immunotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.533-537
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• 2010

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign neoplasm that normally arises from the minor salivary glands, particularly in the palate. SP is normally encountered in older men with an exophytic papillary surface growth. In the present study, an SP of the hard palate of a 69-year-old woman was examined immunohistochemically. Myoepithelial cell markers, such as S-100, smooth muscle actin and vimentin, were observed in the basal or luminal layer of tumor cells, indicating that myoepithelial cells participate in the pathogenesis of SP. In addition, cytokeratin 7 was also strongly detected in the tumor cells, suggesting that excretory ductal epithelial cells have a role in its histogenesis. A review of the literature of immunohistochemical studies on SP showed that the expression and co-expression of cytokeratins and myoepithelial cell markers have been reported in tumor cells. These results suggested that excretory duct cells and myoepithelial cells participate in the pathogenesis of SP.