• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.125-139
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted in order to examine what consists of romantic beliefs of college students, the overall tendency of the beliefs and motivation of marriage, the differences in the belief and motivation of marriage, and the influence of the beliefs toward it. A survey method was used and 394 students participated in this study. The major results of this study were as follows: First of all, there are four components in students' romantic beliefs, which are almighty love, destined love, hopes for romantic love, and only one & true love. Second of all, the students somewhat showed high level of romantic beliefs. This resulted due to the high level of romantic love but low level of only one & true love. Moreover, their motivations toward marriage which consists of intimacy and economic needs, were seen as the most important values in determining marriage. However, marriage due to social impact and the needs for personal growth were found to be placed in the lowest. Thirdly, male students in particular, showed higher beliefs in almighty love and destined love. The students of religion reported higher beliefs in destined love and only one & true love. Moreover, students who have a partner also showed higher beliefs in almighty love and only one & true love. On the other hand, for motivation of marriage, students showed higher inclination to choose for the desire for large families and children as their motivations, particularly for males. Students in the lower age group also showed higher inclination to choose for intimacy and economic needs as their motivations. Finally, according to the result of the hierarchical regression analysis, the higher the students' beliefs for destined love and the lower it is for hopes for romantic love, predicted higher possibility for the social impact and the needs for personal growth as their motivation of marriage. Moreover, the higher the belief for destined love and hopes for romantic love, the higher it is of their inclination to consider intimacy and economic needs for their motivation of marriage. Lastly, the higher it is for the students' belief toward almighty love, the higher it is for one to marry with a consideration and desire for large families with children.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2004

Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed among bumblebees using a portion of mitochondrial (mt) 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). Eight species of true bumblebees and one species of cuckoo bumblebee (Bombini, Apidae), collected from Korea were included in the analysis. Also, one species of true bumblebee imported from several foreign countries for pollination was included. The length of mt 16S rRNA sequence ranged from 496 bp to 508 bp and sequence divergence ranged from 1.4％ (7 bp) to 15.49％ (77bp). As expected, a high A＋T content was observed (78.5％ on average). According to the phylogeny tree derived from parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis, a monphyletic Bombus species, excluding a single cuckoo bumblebee, Psithyrus coreanus, was obtained, but the bootstrap estimate at the node supporting the monophyletic group was very weak (40％ or 46％), suggesting a very close relationship of the cuckoo bumblebee to the true bumblebee. Within Bombus species belonging to identical subgenera subgeneric specific clustering was formed with high bootstrap values, implying validity of the subgeneric names of each species: Pyrobombus for B. ardens and B. modeatus; Megabombus for B. consobrinus wittenburgi and B. koreanus; and Bombus s. str. for B. ignitus, B. hypocrita sapporoensis, and B. terrestris.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2002

We propose optical true time-delays (TTDs) for phased-array antennas (PAAs) composed of 2${\times}$2 MEMS switches and fiber delay lines, and implement a TTD which shows a maximum scan angle of $120^{o}$ with $30^{o}$ resolution. Since this structure uses only one fixed wavelength laser diode, it provides several advantages such as easy control, high speed operation, and low cost compared with those of the optical TTDs using tunable laser sources. We design a four element linear PAA using the proposed TTDs at 10 ㎓. Simulation results show that the maximum gain is 11.6 dB at the radiation angle $0^{o}$, 11.2 dB at $\pm$$30^{o}$, and 10.6 dB at $\pm$$60^{o}$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to recover the CIE XYZ tristimulus values of original colors from scanner output signals, and to reproduce true colors on the monitor. The process of this study is composed of three steps; scanner characterization, chromatic adaptation transformation, and color space transformation between and sRGB. Especially, in the process of recovery, scanner stimuli were obtained accurately by dividing the non-linear photometric response curve into two parts. As the result of test to EPSON Expression 1680 scanner, the average color difference between true and recovered XYZ for 228 target colors, 22 test neutrals, and 36 test colors were 1.49, 0.97, and 1.42 $\Delta$ $E_{UV}$ *, respectively. With the transformation from illuminant D50 to illuminant D65, the input signals to sRGB monitor were predicted. Finally, it could be found that displayed colors with predicted input signals were very consistent with true colors. with true colors.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-40
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• 2000

After analyzing the record of climate of the Chosun era with the weather data written on the true history of the Chosun Dynasty, and in comparison with the latest weather data in Seoul, the following conclusion has been reached. It s not easy to restore the climate of the Chosun era with the true history of the Chosun Dynasty only, for the data of the Chosun era is nothing but 5.4% of that the recent 10 years, centering around Seoul. The number of days of the praying for rain and fine weather have nothing to do with those of precipitation. The monthly number of days of precipitation and hail are similar to those of the recent 10 years, even though the data is not enough. The situation of the days of frost and fog are very different from that of the recent ,10 years. This suggests that they recorded the situation when there was a lot of casualties to men and property, while they didn't record it when there were no casualties because the precipitation occured at the time.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2000

After analyzing the record of climate of the Chosun era with the weather data written on the true history of the Chosun Dynasty, and in comparison with the latest weather data in Seoul, the following conclusion has been reached. It's not easy to restore the climate of the Chosun era with the true history of the Chosun Dynasty only, for the data of the Chosun era is nothing but 5.4% of that the recent 10 years, centering around Seoul. The number of days of the praying for rain and fine weather have nothing to do with those of precipitation. The monthly number of days of precipitation and hail are similar to those of the recent, years, even though the data is not enough. The situation of the days of frost and fog are very different from that of the recent.10 years. This suggests that they recorded the situation when there was a lot of casualties to men and property, while they didn't record it when there were no casualties because the precipitation occured at the time.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.571-577
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• 2006

This paper deals with dynamic tensile characteristics for the polypropylene used in an IP(Instrument Panel). The polypropylene is adopted in the dash board of a car, especially PAB(Passenger Air Bag) module. Its dynamic tensile characteristics are important because the PAB module undergoes high speed deformation during the airbag expansion. Since the operating temperature of a car varies from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ according to the specification, the dynamic tensile tests are performed at a low temperature($-30^{\circ}C$), the room temperature($21^{\circ}C$) and a high temperature($85^{\circ}C$). The tensile tests are carried out at strain rates of six intervals ranged from 0.001/sec to 100/sec in order to obtain the strain rate sensitivity. The flow stress decreases at the high temperature while the strain rate sensitivity increases. Tensile tests of polymers are rather tricky since polymer does not elongate uniformly right after the onset of yielding unlike the conventional steel. A new method is suggested to obtain the stress-strain curve accurately. A true stress-strain curve was estimated from modification of the nominal stress-strain curves obtained from the experiment. The modification was carried out with the help of an optimization scheme accompanied with finite element analysis of the tensile test with a special specimen. The optimization method provided excellent true stress-strain curves by enforcing the load response coincident with the experimental result. The material properties obtained from this paper will be useful to simulate the airbag expansion at the normal and harsh operating conditions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.400-403
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• 2003

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH) is a recognized cause of precocious pseudopuberty. Some children with CAH also develop true precocious puberty with early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We review a case of CAH who eventually developed central precocious puberty nine months after initial treatment with corticosteroid. A 3-year-old boy visited complaining of rapid growth, a large penis and frequent penile erections. This patient was diagnosed with CAH with elevated 17-OH progesterone and cortical hypertrophy of adrenal gland on CT scan. His gonadotropin levels were within the normal prepubertal range. Even on treatment with corticosteroid he grew rapidly and had testicular enlargement, pubic hair development and rapid bone maturation. At second admission, his gonadotropin levels were elevated both basally and in response to LHRH stimulation, suggesting that the CAH led to early activation of pubertal gonadotropin secretion(true precocious puberty). He was treated with monthly depot injections of a LHRH analog in addition to the hydrocortisone. His second sexual characteristics regressed gradually and rate of linear growth and bone maturation decreased.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health promotion behavior according to body mass index (BMI) and self-perception of obesity in female nursing students. Methods: The subjects of this study were 143 female nursing students. The data were collected using a questionnaire about health, life style and general characteristics. BMI, waist and hip circumference, flexibility, and gripping force were measured. Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: Subjects were divided into three groups including true overweight (16.1%), false overweight (29.2%), and true normal weight group (43.5%) based on their BMI and self-perception about obesity. There were significant differences among the three groups in alcohol consumption, self-confidence on the accomplishment of desired weight in a year, gap between actual and desired weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and interpersonal relationship. The true normal weight group shows significantly higher interpersonal relationships than the true overweight group. Conclusion: It was determined that special strategies for increasing appropriate self-perception about obesity and health behaviors for female nursing students should be developed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.376-381
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between third molar (M3) and mandibular fracture. Methods: Patients with unilateral mandibular angle or condyle fractures between 2008 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Medical records were reviewed regarding the location of fractures, and panoramic radiographs were reviewed to discern the presence and position of ipsilateral mandibular third molars (M3). We measured the bony area of the mandibular angle (area A) and the bony area occupied by the M3 (area B) to calculate the true mandibular angle bony area ratio (area A-B/area A×100). Results: The study consisted of 129 patients, of which 60 (46.5%) had angle fractures and 69 (53.5%) had condyle fractures. The risk of angle fracture was higher in the presence of M3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; p< 0.05) and the risk of condyle fracture was lower in the presence of M3 (OR, 0.45; p< 0.05), than in the absence of M3. The risk of angle fracture was higher in the presence of an impacted M3 (OR, 0.3; p< 0.001) and the risk of condyle fracture was lower in the presence of an impacted M3 (OR, 3.32; p< 0.001), than in the presence of a fully erupted M3. True mandibular angle bony area ratio was significantly lower in the angle fractures than in the condyle fractures (p= 0.003). Conclusion: Angle fractures had significantly lower true mandibular angle bony area ratios than condyle fractures. True mandibular angle bony area ratio, a simple and inexpensive method, could be an option to predict the mandibular fracture patterns.