• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.354-362
• /
• 2018

Maize has high food and industrial value, whereas has difficulties in research because of their complex and huge size genome. Nested association mapping (NAM) was constructed to better understand maize genetics. However, most studies were conducted using the reference genome B73, and only a few studies were conducted on tropical maize. Ki3, one of the founder lines of the NAM population, is a tropical maize. We analyzed the genetic characteristics of Ki3 by using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools for various genetic studies. As results, a total of 30,526 genes were expressed, and expression profile were constructed. A total of 1,558 genes were differentially expressed in response to drought stress, and 513 contigs of them come from de novo assemblies. In addition, high-density polymorphisms including 464,930 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 21,872 multiple nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs) and 93,313 insertions and deletions (InDels) were found compared to reference genome. Among them, 15.0 % of polymorphisms (87,838) were passed non-synonymous test which could alter amino acid sequences. The variants have 66,550 SNPs, 5,853 MNPs, and 14,801 InDels, also proportion of homozygous type was higher than heterozygous. These variants were found in a total of 15,643 genes. Of these genes, 637 genes were found as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under drought stress. Our results provide a genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes and information of variants on expressed genes of tropical maize under drought stress. Further characterization of these changes in genetic regulation and genetic traits will be of great value for improvement of maize genetics.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.424-433
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 상업적인 목적으로 미꾸라지, 잉어, 메기 등의 어종을 활용한 아쿠아포닉스 시스템과 다르게 가정에서 반려어로 사육하는 열대 어종인 구피를 활용한 가정용 아쿠아포닉스의 적용 가능성을 탐색한 논문이다. 가정에서 아쿠아포닉스의 적용이 쉽도록 사물 인터넷 기술을 활용하여, 수조, 수초, 수경재배 화분, 식물생장용 LED, 아두이노 센서 등을 연결하여 시스템을 갖추었다. 수경재배 작물로는 가정에서 쉽게 구할 수 있고 소비할 수 있는 상추를 선택하였다. 열대어를 활용한 아쿠아포닉스의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 동일한 환경의 수경재배 작물을 대조군으로 성장률을 비교하였다. 열대어를 활용한 아쿠아포닉스 작물의 성장률은 수경재배 작물의 성장률 대비 77.4% 정도였으며 이것은 향후 사육 열대어의 수, 성장에 적절한 산도(pH) 조절 등의 조건을 충족시킬 경우 수경재배와 동일한 효과를 낼 수 있다고 볼 수 있으며 향후 이를 활용하여 가정에서 적용 가능한 아쿠아포닉스 표준 시스템을 개발할 수 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.413-413
• /
• 2021

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2013

An attempt was made on pulp production from the fast growing plant, Acacia hybrid to determine the total yield, screened yield, Kappa number, and fibre morphology of organosolv Acacia hybrid pulp. Uniform-sized chips were taken to undergo pulping in a digester with five different concentrations of ethanol, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% (v/v) with 1 M of sodium hydroxide as catalyst. All chips were digested in a temperature-controlled digester with constant amount of water added and temperature of $185^{\circ}C$ with the duration of three hours cooking time and correspond pressure 1.1-1.2 MPa. It was observed that increasing of ethanol concentration has led to pulp yield increment and decreased in the degree of delignification at the same time. This study was aimed to focus on the effect of the varied concentration of organic solvent towards the pulp yield and its relationship with Kappa number and pulp yield.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 1998

31과 50종 인도산 식물체 84 시료와 12파 20종 아프리카산 식물체 27 시료의 메탄을 조추출물의 5종 장내세균(Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli)에 대한 생육억제활성을 in vitro 혐기조건하에서 여지확산법으로 검정한 결과 억제활성은 공시세균과 식물체의 종류 및 부위에 따라 달리 나타났다. 인도산 식물체 시료중, Cymbopogon citratus 전부위, Ocimum basilicum 전부위, Madhuca indica 꽃 및 Aegle marmelos 잎 추출물이 Cl. perfringens에 대하여 강한 생육저해활성을 나타낸 반면, O. basilicum 전부위 추출물은 E. coli에 대하여 중간정도의 생육저해활성을 보였다. 그러나, 이들 식물체들은 공시 유산균의 생육에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 부터 이들 열대식물들의 약리학적인 작용을 일부 설명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.123-136
• /
• 2012

Diseases caused by begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) constitute a serious constraint to tropical and sub-tropical agro-ecosystems worldwide. In recent years, they have also introduced in temperate regions of the world where they have great impact and are posing a serious threat to a variety of greenhouse crops. Begomoviral diseases can in extreme cases reduce yields to zero leading to catastrophic losses in agriculture. They are still evolving and pose a serious threat to sustainable agriculture across the world, particularly in tropics and sub-tropics. Till recently, there have been no records on the occurrence of begomoviral disease in South Korea, however, the etiology of other plant viral diseases are known since last century. The first begomovirus infected sample was collected from sweet potato plant in 2003 and since then there has been gradual increase in the begomoviral epidemics specially in tomato and sweet potato crops. So far, 48 begomovirus sequences originating from various plant species have been submitted in public sequence data base from different parts of the country. The rapid emergence of begomoviral epidemics might be with some of the factors like evolution of new variants of the viruses, appearance of efficient vectors, changing cropping systems, introduction of susceptible plant varieties, increase in global trade in agricultural products, intercontinental transportation networks, and changes in global climatic conditions. Another concern might be the emergence of a begomovirus complex and satellite DNA molecules. Thorough understanding of the pathosystems is needed for the designing of effective managements. Efforts should also be made towards the integration of the resistant genes for the development of transgenic plants specially tomato and sweet potato as they have been found to be widely infected in South Korea. There should be efficient surveillance for emergence or incursions of other begomoviruses and biotypes of whitefly. This review discusses the general characteristics of begomoviruses, transmission by their vector B. tabaci with an especial emphasis on the occurrence and distribution of begomoviruses in South Korea, and control measures that must be addressed in order to develop more sustainable management strategies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.377-387
• /
• 2016

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus, is one of the most important viruses of cultivated tomatoes worldwide, mainly causing yellowing and curling of leaves with stunting in plants. TYLCV causes severe problems in sub-tropical and tropical countries, as well as in Korea. However, the mechanism of TYLCV infection remains unclear, although the function of each viral component has been identified. TYLCV C4 codes for a small protein involved in various cellular functions, including symptom determination, gene silencing, viral movement, and induction of the plant defense response. In this study, through yeast-two hybrid screenings, we identified TYLCV C4-interacting host proteins from both healthy and symptom-exhibiting tomato tissues, to determine the role of TYLCV C4 proteins in the infection processes. Comparative analyses of 28 proteins from healthy tissues and 36 from infected tissues showing interactions with TYLCV C4 indicated that TYLCV C4 mainly interacts with host proteins involved in translation, ubiquitination, and plant defense, and most interacting proteins differed between the two tissues but belong to similar molecular functional categories. Four proteins-two ribosomal proteins, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, and 14-3-3 family protein-were detected in both tissues. Furthermore, the identified proteins in symptom-exhibiting tissues showed greater involvement in plant defenses. Some are key regulators, such as receptor-like kinases and pathogenesis-related proteins, of plant defenses. Thus, TYLCV C4 may contribute to the suppression of host defense during TYLCV infection and be involved in ubiquitination for viral infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.449-454
• /
• 2023

Free-living amoebae (FLA) rarely cause human infections but can invoke fatal infections in the central nervous system (CNS). No consensus treatment has been established for FLA infections of the CNS, emphasizing the urgent need to discover or develop safe and effective drugs. Flavonoids, natural compounds from plants and plant-derived products, are known to have antiprotozoan activities against several pathogenic protozoa parasites. The anti-FLA activity of flavonoids has also been proposed, while their antiamoebic activity for FLA needs to be emperically determined. We herein evaluated the antiamoebic activities of 18 flavonoids against Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba species which included A. castellanii and A. polyphaga. These flavonoids showed different profiles of antiamoebic activity against N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba species. Demethoxycurcumin, kaempferol, resveratrol, and silybin (A+B) showed in vitro antiamoebic activity against both N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba species. Apigenin, costunolide, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, rosmarinic acid, and (-)-trans-caryophyllene showed selective antiamoebic activity for Acanthamoeba species. Luteolin was more effective for N. fowleri. However, afzelin, berberine, (±)-catechin, chelerythrine, genistein, (+)-pinostrobin, and quercetin did not exhibit antiamoebic activity against the amoeba species. They neither showed selective antiamoebic activity with significant cytotoxicity to C6 glial cells. Our results provide a basis for the anti-FLA activity of flavonoids, which can be applied to develope alternative or supplemental therapeutic agents for FLA infections of the CNS.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2017

Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plant widely cultivated in India. It belongs to family Moringaceae. This plant is widely used as nutritional herb and contains valuable pharmacological action like anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular, anti-ulcer, CNS activity, anti-allergic, wound healing, analgesic, and antipyretic activity, Moringa oleifera Lam. The plant is also known as Horse - radish tree, Drumstick tree. Every part of this plant contains a valuable medicinal feature. It contain rich source of the vitamin A, vitamin C and milk protein. Different types of active phytoconstituents like alkaloids, protein, quinine, saponins, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, fixed oil and fats are present. This plant is also found in the tropical regions. Some other constituents are niazinin A, niazinin B and niazimicin A, niaziminin B. The present review discusses the phytochemical composition, medicinal uses & pharmacological activity of this plant.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2005

Richadella dulcifica, a native shrub in tropical West Africa, gives red berries that have the unusual property of modifying a sour taste into a sweet taste. The red berries contain a taste-modifying protein named miraculin. A synthetic gene encoding miraculin was placed under the control of constitutive promoters and transferred to lettuce. High expression of miraculin was obtained, with accumulation of up to 1% total soluble protein in lettuce leaf. In addition, the miraculin expressed in lettuce possesses a taste-modifying activity.