• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.207-215
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• 2019

This study examines the effect of the height of cane that hemiplegic patients due to stroke use on their plantar pressure in standing position, gait speed. The study suggests a new standard for appropriate cane height that considers the change of average height of population. Research subjects included 12 patients hospitalized in S Medical Care Hospital located in Gwangju Metropolitan City in South Korea who were diagnosed with stroke. Group A uses a cane of the height of the greater trochanter of femur, group B uses a cane of 5cm above the height of the greater trochanter of femur, and group C is a cane of 10cm above the height of the greater trochanter of femur. In the study result, non-affected side plantar pressure and affected side plantar pressure showed a significant difference among the cases where the cane height was the same as the A group, B group, C group. In the post-hoc analysis result, a significant difference was observed between the case of A group and C group. Gait speed showed no significant difference among the case of the A group, B group, C group. The asymmetry of the stroke affects not only the posture but also the walking that is related to daily life. Changes in the height of the cane did not affect walking speed. The change in the height of the cane showed a change in the weight support ratio, which is thought to have a positive effect on the asymmetry. In future clinical setting, this study result will be able to provide fundamental data regarding the cane height in the standing or walking therapy for hemiplegic patients due to stroke with cane application.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.417-417
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• 2004

지속성복막투석환자의 경우 투석에 의해 단백질 대사물질의 배설은 효과적으로 이루어지나 오랫동안의 만성신부전으로 인한 인의 배설 저하에 따라 골밀도가 대부분 저하되어 있으며 신성골이영양증을 수반하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 종합병원 신장내과 클리닉에 정기적 checkup을 받고 있는 지속성복막투석환자를 대상으로 골밀도를 측정하였으며 요추(L2-L4)와 대퇴부(femoral neck, trochanter)의 평균 골밀도의 T값이 모두 -1 미만인 군을 골감소증군으로 하였고(N=86) 1군데라도 T값이 -1 이상인 군은 정상군으로(N=32) 분류하여 영양소섭취량, 식행동, 우울정도에 따른 차이를 보고자 하였다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.418.1-418
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• 2004

지속성 복막투석환자의 경우 오랫동안의 만성신부전으로 인해 영양소 섭취가 저하되어 근육의 손모, 체중감소 등으로 인해 골밀도에 부정적인 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 요추(L2-L4)와 대퇴부(femoral neck, trochanter)의 평균 골밀도의 T값이 모두 -1 미만인 군 86명과(골감소증군), 두 부위중 1군데 이상의 T값이 -1 이상인 군 32명 (정상군)을 대상으로 하여 신체계측치 및 생화학적 표지자, 생활습관의 차이를 조사하였다.(중략)

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.327-336
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the problems of stability when people use the bassinet as an ambulatory aid for old people. Background: Many aged people use a bassinet as ambulatory aid. But the safety of using the bassinet as ambulatory aid has not been verified yet. Method: The 13 university-students who don't have musculoskeletal disorders volunteered to participate in this study. According to structural analysis of the both tools, we compared the structural stability of an outdoor rollator with the structural stability of a bassinet. And when the participants walked using both tools, the motions were captured and analysed. We measured the angle of shoulder joint and the angle of trunk from the ground when the participants were walking. And we found the distance from participants' pressure cone apex and greater trochanter. Results: Following the structural analysis, the bassinet has the lower structural stability than the outdoor rollator. When the people used the bassinet as ambulatory aid, the angle of the shoulder joint was bigger than to use the outdoor rollator. The angle of trunk wasn't different between the outdoor rollator and the bassinet. And distance from pressure cone apex to greater trochanter was far to use the bassinet than to use the outdoor rollator. Conclusion: Through the structure analysis and gait analysis of the bassinet and the outdoor rollator, we can be aware of that the bassinet has problem of stability. Therefore the people who use the bassinet as an ambulatory aid, especially supporting body weight, may be hurt due to the problems of stability. Application: This research can be used for developing a study of the ambulatory aid and preventing the accident when the aged people use the ambulatory aid.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3781-3788
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• 2014

This study examined the age-related bone mineral density (BMD), accumulated bone loss rate (ABLR) at different skeletal sites in Korean men using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)(the 1st (2010), 2nd (2010) and the year at the 5th survey). The cubic regression model was found to be the best for describing the age-related changes in BMD. The lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle in the bone mineral density difference were analyzed by ANOVA. The peak BMD was at 20-24 years at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle, and the 75-79 years of age group had the highest Accumulated Bone Loss Rate. Therefore, intensive management will be necessary for men over 75 years, and a diagnosis of osteoporosis in Korean men should be made according to The International Society for Clinical Densitometry; ISCD.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2010

Purpose: Pain or discomfort caused by foot diseases may lead to abnormal gait, resulting in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) of the affected lower limb. We analyzed the effect of foot affection to BMD and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: Bilateral hip BMD was evaluated in 93 patients with unilateral chronic foot disease. To minimize statistical errors, we excluded patients with medical histories that had influence on BMD. Analysis was based on the results of BMD tests at the first visit. All patients denied past medical intervention for osteoporosis. The difference in density between bilateral limbs was determined by comparing BMDs of the neck, upper neck, trochanter and total area of hip. Results: Test results revealed the decrease of BMD in the lower limb with the affected foot, compared to the unaffected side. This decrease was significant in the area of the trochanter (p <0.05). There was no marked difference of BMD in relation with duration of affection, underlying disease or age. Pertaining the location of foot affection, the hindfoot group showed significant decrease in BMD compared to the forefoot group. The group with affection in bone and joint also showed a marked decrease in BMD compared to the soft tissue group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Pain and discomfort caused by chronic foot diseases can lead to a decrease in the BMD of the affected lower limb. This may increase the risk of complications such as osteoporotic fracture and muscular atrophy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2003

Purpose: The strength of hand grip, low back muscles and knee joint muscles were measured and then compared to the bone mineral density (BMD) of each forearm bones (including ulna and radius), lumbar spine, and femur in young women in order to identify the relationship between muscle strength and bone mineral density. Method: The BMD was measured with a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and muscle strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer and a Cybex Norm. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Result: 1) Higher grip strength correlated positively with higher BMD in the forearm (r=.246, p=.007), higher low back extensor strength with higher BMD in the femur (neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle)($r=.323{\sim}.226$, $p=.003{\sim}.043$) and higher strength in the knee joint extensor with higher BMD in the lumbar spine (r=.227, p=.041), femur neck, and femur trochanter significantly ($r=.295{\sim}.226$, $p=.007{\sim}.043$). There was no significant correlation between the strength of low back extensors and BMD in the lumbar spine, now with strength of knee joint flexor and the BMD in the femur. 2) The muscle strength of each part of the body had significant positive correlations to each other part ($r=.255{\sim}.728$ $p=.021{\sim}.000$) Conclusion: The results of this study showed that with the development of a muscle there was an increased BMD of the corresponding part, and the BMD of each part was influenced by adjacent muscles. To promote the health of bones, it is important to strengthen the muscles of related bones, based on balanced development of all muscles.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 2006

This study was carried out to elucidate the relationship among exercise, bone mineral density and antioxidant enzyme activity of postmenopausal women. 60 women residing in the Iksan, Korea area were recruited. The questionnaires were designed to find out exercise habits. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Parameters of antioxidative capacity, including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TA) were analyzed in fasting blood. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of subjects were 65.0 years, 151.1 cm, 59.5 kg $26.0\;m/kg^2$, respectively. The mean BMDs of subjects were $0.85\;g/cm^2$ (lumbar spine), $0.6\;g/cm^2$ (Femoral neck), $0.49\;g/cm^2$ (trochanter), and $0.40\;g/cm^2$ (Ward's triangle). There was a significant difference in BMD among different age groups (50's, 60's and 70's) showing lower value with increasing age (p<0.05). The mean SOD, GPx, and CAT activities were 138.5 U/mL, 1,273.8 U/mL and 314.3 kU/L respectively, and TA was 1.16 mmol/L. TA of the group which exercised 3$\sim$4 times a week was significantly higher than those of the other exercise groups (p<0.05). The subjects with higher SOD activity also have a higher the T values in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle. In conclusion, this study revealed that the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity were closely associated with the exercise status and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.246-251
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• 2007

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) with an increased risk of fracture. Low bone mass results from an imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays a critical role in osteoclast development and thus is an important candidate gene affecting bone turnover and BMD. In order to investigate the genetic effects of MITF variations on osteoporosis, we directly sequenced the MITF gene in 24 Koreans, and identified fifteen sequence variants. Two polymorphisms (+227719C > T and +228953A > G) were selected based on their allele frequencies, and then genotyped in a larger number of postmenopausal women (n = 560). Areal BMD ($g/cm^2$) of the anterior-posterior lumbar spine and the non-dominant proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We found that the MITF + 227719C > T polymorphism was significantly associated with low BMD of the trochanter (p = 0.005-0.006) and total femur (p = 0.02-0.03) (codominant and dominant models), while there was no association with BMD of the lumbar spine. The MITF+228953A > G polymorphism was also associated with low BMD of the femoral shaft (p = 0.05) in the recessive model. Haplotype analysis showed that haplotype 3 of the MITF gene (MITF-ht3) was associated with low BMD of the trochanter (p = 0.03-0.05) and total femur (p = 0.05) (dominant and codominant models). Our results suggest that MITF variants may play a role in the decreased BMD of the proximal femur in postmenopausal women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.285-295
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to examine the effectiveness of exercise for bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Four investigators reviewed English articles from Pub Med and CINAHL, selecting randomized controlled trials on exercise programs for middle-aged and older women. Out of 25 studies identified, 14 that satisfied with the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed using recognized methods and the effect size was calculated as a Hedges'g using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Version 2.0. Primary outcomes were changes in BMD at femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine. Subgroup analysis included changes in BMD according to exercise style. Results: Weight bearing exercise was effective(Q=20.1, p>.05, ES=0.32), and resistance exercise was effective in case of comparing to pre and post intervention (Q=4.15, p=.98, ES=0.14). At the femoral neck, 9 study groups were homogeneous and the experimental groups demonstrated a positive effect on BMD (Q=19.5, p>.05, ES=0.33). In contrast, marked heterogeneity (Q=33.3, p<0.01) was apparent in 7 study groups evaluating trochanter. Conclusion: These findings suggest that weight bearing is effective for BMD of the femoral neck, and is relevant to the non-pharmacological treatment of bone loss for middle-aged and older women.