• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

It is the basic studies for productivity improvement and laborsaving of purse seine fishery. Because the seine shape is apt to be transformed in seine shooting process due to the effect of tide, this study is intended to establish 4 steps, whose flow velocity are 0, 2, 4 and 6cm/sec, in flume tank and perform the experiment to review the character. We used two model seines designed on the scale of 1 to 180 based on the power block seine, which is the mackerel purse seine generally used in the near sea of Jeju Island and triplex seine, which is the mackerel purse seine of one boat system fishing expected in the future, for the experiment, analyzed of the sinking movements on the two seines and its results are as follows. In the setting over the flow velocity 6cm/sec, experiment was impossible because of flying and transformation of seine were severe. The sinking movements of P seine and T seine generally showed linear phenomenon and the sinking speed showed gentle curve shape. Sinking tendency was distinguished by existence of flow velocity. When there is flow velocity, it showed the phenomenon that it sinking by similar type. Although sinking depth and sinking speed did not show distinguished classification, P seine shows bigger than T seine. When there was in flow velocity, the elapsed time(Et) and sinking depth (PDp, TDp) of P seine and T seine can be shown such experimental equations as PDp=(0.21V+4.96)Et-(0.62V-0.10) and TDp=(0.19V+4.95)Et-(0.72V+0.34). When there was in flow velocity, the elapsed time and siking speed (PSp, TSp) of P seine and T seine can be shown such experimental equations as $PSp=-0.11Et^2+1.42Et+1.75\;and\;TSp=-0.11Et^2+1.41Et+1.37$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2022

A novel porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was recently emerged in Chinese and Korean pig herds, which provided epidemiological situation where three pathogenic PCVs, PCV2, PCV3, and newly emerged PCV4, could co-infect pig herds in these countries. In this study, a new triplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (tqPCR) method was developed for the rapid and differential detection of these viruses. The assay specifically amplified each viral capsid gene, whereas no other porcine pathogenic genes were detected. The detection limit of the assay was below 10 copies/µL and the assay showed high repeatability and reproducibility. In the clinical evaluation using 1476 clinical samples from 198 Korean pig farms, the detection rates of PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4 by the tqPCR assay were 13.8%, 25.4%, and 3.8%, respectively, which were 100% agreement with those of previously reported monoplex qPCR assays for PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4, with a κ value (95% CI) of 1 (1.00~1.00). The prevalence of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 at the farm levels were 46.5%, 63.6%, and 19.7%, respectively. The co-infection analysis for tested pig farms showed that single infection rates for PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 were 28.8%, 44.4%, and 9.6%, respectively, the dual infection rates of PCV2 and PCV3, PCV2 and PCV4, and PCV3 and PCV4 were 12.6%, 3.5%, and 5.1%, respectively, and the triple infection rate for PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 was 1.5%. These results demonstrate that three pathogenic PCVs are widely spread, and their co-infections are common in Korean pig herds, and the newly developed tqPCR assay will be useful for etiological and epidemiological studies of these pathogenic PCVs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.305-316
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• 2022

Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma (M.) felis, and Chlamydia (C.) felis are considered as main bacterial pathogens of feline upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). In this study, a new triplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (tqPCR) assay was developed for the rapid and differential detection of these bacteria in a single reaction. The assay specifically amplified three bacterial genes with the detection limit of below 10 copies/reaction. The assay showed high repeatability and reproducibility, with coefficients of intra-assay and inter-assay variation of less than 1%. Based on the diagnostic results of the assay using 94 clinical samples obtained from cats with URTD signs, prevalence of B. bronchiseptica, M. felis, or C. felis was 10.6%, 36.2%, or 6.4%, respectively, indicating that the diagnostic sensitivity was comparable to those of previously reported monoplex qPCR assays. The dual infection rates for B. bronchiseptica and M. felis or M. felis and C. felis was 2.1% or 3.2%, respectively. These results indicated that M. felis has been widely spread, and its co-infection with B. bronchiseptica or M. felis has been frequently occurred in Korean cat population. The developed tqPCR assay will serve as a promising tool for etiological and epidemiological studies of these three bacterial pathogens and the prevalence data obtained in this study will contribute to expanding knowledge about the epidemiology of feline URTD in Korea.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.335-345
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• 1999

법의학적 개인식별 및 친생자 감정시 여러 개의 single tandem repeats(STR) 유전좌위 검색이 필요하다. 그 이유는 STR 유전좌위는 대립유전자 수가 적고 이형접합도가 낮아 서로 다른 개체간에도 동일한 유전좌위를 가질 확률이 높기 때문에 개인식별에 대한 기여도가 떨어지게 된다. 따라서 여러 개의 다양한 STR 유전좌위들을 동시에 분석함으로써 우연적으로 개체간에 유전자형이 일치할 가능성을 낮추어야 감정의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있으며 이에는 각 STR 유전좌위에 대한 유전좌위의 분포가 인종별, 지역별로 달라 이에 대한 유전자분포를 구하는 것이 선행조건이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 법의학적 개인식별 및 친자감정시 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 서로 혈연관계가 없는 201명의 한국인 혈액에서 DNA를 추출하여 STR 유전좌위증 human coagulation factor XIII A subunit gene(F13A0l Locus), human c-fes/fps proto-oncogene(FESFPS Locus), human von Willebrand factor gene (vWA Locus)등 FFv Triplex 유전자를 중합효소반응에 의하여 동시에 증폭하고, 폴리아크릴아마이드겔을 이용한 전기영동 및 질산은 염색을 시행한 후 FFv Triplex유전자의 유전자형 및 대립유전자 빈도 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) F13A01유전자는 5개의 대립유전자, 12개의 유전자형을 검출하였으며, 이형접합도는 60.7%로 나타났고 대립유전자 및 유전자빈도는 3.2, 4, 5, 6, 16 대립유전자에서 각각 0.34 3, 0.114, 0.062, 0.475, 0.005로 나타났으며, 대립유전자 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15는 검출되지 않았다. (2) F13A01 대립유전자다양성 (allelic diversity value)은 0.641, 개인식별력(PD)은 0.814를 보였으며 대립유전자다양성 및 이형접합도가 다른 민족과 비교할 때 다소 낮았다. (3) FESFPS유전자는 8개 대립유전자 모두 나타났으며, 15개의 유전자형을 검출하였으며, 이형접합도는 66.7%로 나타났고 대립유전자 및 유전자빈도는 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 14 대립유전자에서 각각 0.002, 0.002, 0.005, 0.032, 0.507, 0.264, 0.197, 0.007로 나나났다. (4) FESFPS 대립유전자다양성(allelic diversity value)은 0.641, 개인식별력(PD)은 0.804를 보였다. (5) vWA유전자는 9개의 대립유전자, 23개의 유전자형을 검출하였으며, 이형접합도는 80.1%로 나타났고 대립유전자 및 유전자 빈도는 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 대립유전자 에서 각각 0.002, 0.002, 0.219, 0.032, 0.187, 0.279, 0.189, 0.072, 0.017로 나타났으며, 대립 유전자 13, 21는 검출되지 않았다. (6) vWA 대립유전자다양성(allelic diversity value)은 0.799, 개인식별력(PD)은 0.924로 매우 높게 나타냈다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.51-52
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• 2002

We report results on microtribological studies of chemically grafted nanoscale polymer layers of different architecture with thickness below 30 nm. We have fabricated the molecular lubrication coatings from elastomeric tri-block copolymers and tested two different designs of corresponding nanocomposite coatings. We observed a significant reduction of friction forces and an increase of the wear stability when a minute amount of oil was trapped within the grafted polymer layer. These polymer gel layers exhibited a very steady friction response and a small value of the coefficient of friction as compared to the initial polymer coating. A polymer 'triplex' coating has been formed by a multiple grafting technique. The unique design of this layer Includes a hard-soft-hard architecture with a compliant rubber interlayer mediating localized stresses transferred through the topmost hard layer. This architecture provides a non-linear mechanical response under a normal compression stress and allows additional dissipation of mechanical energy via the elastic rubber interlayer.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.175-181
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• 2002

In this paper, fault tolerant digital governor is designed to realize ceaseless controlling and to improve the reliability of control system. Designed digital governor huts duplex I/O module and triplex CPU module and also 2 out of 3 voting algorithm and self diagnostic ability. The Processor module of the system(SIDG-3000) is developed based on 32 Bit industrial microprocessor, which guaranteed high quality of the module and SRAM for data also SRAM for command are separated. The process module also includes inter process communication function and power back up function (SRAM for back-up). System reliability is estimated by using the model of Markov process. It is shown that the reliability of triplex system in mission time can be dramatically improved compared with a single control system Designed digital governor system is applied after modelling of the steam turbine generator system of Buk-Cheju Thermal Power Plant. Simulation is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the designed digital governor system

• Composites Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

Adhesive joints are widely used for structural joining applications in various fields and environmental conditions. Polyurethane (PU) and Epoxy adhesives are now being used for liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers at cryogenic temperatures. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of epoxy and PU adhesive bonds between Triplex sheets at normal and cryogenic temperatures. The most significant result of this study is that for all adhesives tested, there is a significant decrease in peel strength at cryogenic temperatures. However, the reasons for the decrease in peel strength for epoxy and PU adhesives differ. Consequently, PU adhesives can be considered better suited for use in applications requiring high bonding performance at cryogenic conditions, such as in LNG carriers.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 2012

Citrus bacterial canker is an economically important disease affecting citrus production in many citrusgrowing areas and several pathotypes have been recognized within the Xanthomonas pathogens causing canker. In view of the containment of the disease, accurate identification of the causal bacterium is important. In this study, triplex PCR method was developed by using the previously reported primers. Two groups of primer combination, such as, one group including primers 2/3, J-pth1/J-pth2 and XACF/XACR, and another group 2/3, J-pth1/J-pth2 and Xac01/Xac02, were suitable for the detection and differentiation of X. a. pv. citri $A^w$, X. a. pv. aurantifolii B and C, and X. a. pv. citrumelo E strains. Moreover, the primer combination of Xac01 and J-pth2 promised us to use as a specific primer set to detect X. a. pv. citrumelo E strain. The PCR methods developed in this study could be used for the rapid differentiation of Xanthomonas pathotypes of citrus.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objective: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is reserved for couples with a risk of transmitting a serious and incurable disease, and hence avoids the undesirable therapeutic abortion. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of PGD for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cases by the fluorescent PCR with polymorphic linked markers and the conventional duplex-nested PCR methods. Methods: Biopsy of one or two blastomeres was done from the embryos fertilized by ICSI on the third day after fertilization. We performed two cases of PGD-DMD by the duplex-nested PCR for the causative mutation loci and the SRY gene on Y chromosome. The triplex fluorescent PCR for the mutation loci, the SRY gene and the polymorphic microsatellite marker on X chromosome was applied for two cases of PGD-DMD. Results: By the duplex-nested PCR, successful diagnosis rate was 95.5% (21/22), but we could not discriminate the female embryos whether normal or carrier in this X-linked recessive disease. However, the triplex fluorescent PCR method showed 100% (27/27) of successful diagnosis rate, and all female embryos (n=17) were distinguished normal (n=10) from carrier (n=7) embryos. Unaffected and normal embryos were transferred into mother's uterus after diagnosis. A healthy normal male was achieved after PGD with the duplex-nested PCR method and a twin, a male and a female, were delivered with triplex fluorescent PCR method. The normality of dystrophin gene was confirmed by amniocentesis and postnatal genetic analysis in all offsprings. Conclusion: The fluorescent PCR with polymorphic marker might be useful in improving the specificity and reliability of PGD for single gene disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.12-27
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• 2007

This fundamental studies on for the productivity improvement and laborsaving of purse seine fishery. Given the difficulty posed from the distortion of net shape caused by the external forces, such as tide, at the time of shooting and pursing, we set the 4 steps of 0, 2, 4 and 6cm/sec in flow velocity in the flume tank for the experiment in order to examine those characteristics. We used two model seines designed on the scale of 1 to 180 based on the power block seine, which is the mackerel purse seine generally used in the near sea of Jeju Island and triplex seine, which is the mackerel purse seine of one boat system fishing expected in the future, for the experiment, and interpreted the characteristics of several motion in water, such as the shape of seine, the change in tension and area during pursing and its the analysis results are as follows. Though the experiment could be conducted up to 6cm/sec of flow velocity that was defined, the experiment could not go on because of the severe distortion in the seine at the flow velocity in excess of 6cm/sec. As for the depth of leadline and reduction rate of side area of seine when the pursing is connected, P seine turned out to be slightly higher than T seine, and the hauling speed and reduction rate of upper area of seine were found similar to each other. The correlation between the hauling time (Ht) and depth of lead line (Dhp, Dht) of P seine and T seine can be expressed by the equation, that is, Dhp=(0.99Pt-7.63)Pt+69.01, Dht=(1.03Pt-7.73)Pt+66.74. The correlation between the hauling time and hauling velocity (Hpp, Hpt) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $Hpp=-0.06Ht^2+0.88Ht+0.78,\;Hpt=-0.05Ht^2+0.81Ht+0.98$ here, Pt is pursing time. And the correlation between the pursing time and the reduction rate of side area (sArp, sArt) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $sArp=-0.48Pt^2+14.79Pt-16.74,\;sArt=-0.45Pt^2+14.56Pt-16.48$. The reduction rate of upper area of seine (tArp, tArt) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $tArp=0.34Pt^2-0.66Pt-0.74,\;tArt=0.34Pt^2-0.27Pt-1.80$. In addition, the correlation between the pursing time and tension of purse line (Tep, Tet) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $Tep=2.79Pt^2+2.26Pt-0.60,\;Tet=2.14Pt^2+8.08Pt-27.50$.