• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the cognition of Korean tradition and the required basic educational contents among interior architects. The survey had been made 277 designers and the major findings of this study are as follows. First. It is revealed that only a half of interior architect have been taught about Korean tradition in university and their level of knowledge is entry level. Therefore it is found that the education in university on the Korean tradition was not sufficient enough Second, it is believed that one ideal way of expressing Korean tradition is re-interpreting traditional motive with modern views and another way is to express abstractly about Korean traditional space arrangement, composition and space concept. It is found that substantial knowledge and information is required to express Korean tradition effectively. Third. it is found that a lot of interior architect has faced difficulties in carrying out projects because of not having sufficient knowledge related to Korean tradition. Therefore it is recommended to educate basic theory about Korean tradition first and then reinforce the program by including field trip In university curriculum. Fourth. it is necessary to re-educate to current Interior architect because of lacking knowledge about Korean tradition. The recommended area in priority order is traditional Interior space, traditional architecture, traditional color, traditional pattern and traditional furniture

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.36-45
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• 1984

The relationship between vehicle driving pattern and fuel consumption in urban area was studied in Seoul along three representative routes using a test car equipped with all the instruments required for recording modes of traffic and measuring fuel consumption. Correlation with idle speed, fuel consumption and CO concentration of car in use was also measured. The average vehicle speed in Seoul was 31.4 km/h and the time spent in different modes was 23.0% in idle mode, 22.5% in acceleration mode, 32.4% in cruising mode and 22.3% in deceleration mode, respectively. Hence, traffic flow was suggested to be relatively smooth. Fuel consumption per unit distance, .phi. was closely related with trip time spent per unit distance, t, and correlation coefficient obtained from the test car was 0.925, and the relationship between .phi. and t was also obtained from the linear regression with the following equation. .phi.=42.87+0.38 t. Idle speed of vehicle in use was mostly adjusted low and cars which were over the permissible standard of CO concentration (4.5%) were 50% or more. As the idle speed decreased, the fuel consumption was decreased, while the CO concentration was increased. Therefore, the decrease of fuel consumption can not be expected with only a decrease in idle speed.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.530-534
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• 2008

The LGP with nanometer structures resulted in enhancement of optical efficiency. Its fundamental mechanism is to recycle the polarized light via one round-trip through QWP(Quarter-wave Plate) but the maximum efficiency to reach with this method is limited up to 2. To get the larger efficiency than this a LGP with 1D PC(one-dimensional photonic crystal) nanometer-patterned on its top and bottom surfaces is suggested. For its optimum design the computer simulation is performed and suggests a grating that the spatial frequency between adjacent patterns is 500nm, its height 250nm, duty cycle 50%, and its cross section is rectangular. The angles of transmitted light are nearly the same as the results expected from the generalized Snell's law. Thus the Mathematica code, developed in this experiment, will be applied to designing the optimized LGP. The LGP with nanometer-patterened 1D PC LGP on its both surfaces shows the enhancement of transmitted intensity distribution up to 5.7 times.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1683-1690
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• 2005

This study examines dynamic flow control method in UDP, analyzes packet loss which is frequently used element in measuring existing dynamic flow control and characteristics of round trip time, and proposes a new method of measurement, RSST. The algorithm that uses the proposed RSST enables accurate measurement of network status by considering both the currently measured network status and the past history of network status in controlling the transmission rate. For comparison study, a network status measurement software program that displays detailed information about volume of transmission generation of network status, and flow pattern of network was developed. The performance test shows that the proposed algorithm can better adjust to network condition in terms of low pack loss rate over existing algorithms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2005

An Origin-Destination (O/D) is considered as one of the important information in route choices and trip assignments. A household interview survey is deemed to be the traditional and the most widely used method in making sample O/D and its conversion to the total O/D. Some researchers have studied to estimate dynamic O/D from the relationship between link volumes and trip assignment model. Nowadays, owing to the recent rapid spread of cellular phones. Location information of the cellular phone through the Base Station(BS) is considered as an alternative to O/D estimation. In this study, the methodology of generating BS-based O/D and the methodology of converting this O/D into an administrative district-based O/D are proposed. The information of GPS positions and cellular BS positions have acquired by establishing GPS equipment and cellular phone on taxies in Cheongju. Three weeks data are collected and used in estimating O/D by matching them on a digital map. Scatter diagram and sample correlation coefficients are used to investigate the similarity of the GPS-based O/D pattern among weeks, among days, and among times in day. The results show that there are few significant differences among weeks. But there is a difference in O/C pattern between weekday and weekend. Furthermore, there is a difference between morning peak and afternoon peak. Two methodologies are proposed to convert BS-based O/D into an administrative district-based O/D. The first one is to use the distribution pattern of GPS coordinates, the other is to use the coverage area of the BSs. To validate such converted O/D, GPS O/D is used as a true value. The statical analyses through scatter diagram, MAE and RMSE shows that there is few significant defference of pattern between the estimated BS-based O/D and GPS O/D. In the case of using only cellular information, the methodology using coverage area of the BSs is recommended for estimating O/D.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.544-553
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• 2014

Activity-based models analyze individuals' various daily activities that are identified as a decision-making unit for transportation planning. In other words, it is the model that determines the types of activities according to the social, economic and situational characteristics of the groups with the same activity patterns and predicts individuals' activity time, distance, spatial movement and transportation mode. The activity-based model is a method of estimating more efficient and realistic demand in transportation forecasting because traffic is regarded as a complex decision-making process that an individual and other people participate in. In this paper, we grasp the factors affecting choice behavior of activity pattern and analyze choice behavior of activity pattern based on multi-dimensional characteristic of each person. First, we classify activity types of reviewing the trip chain and activity purpose. Next, we identified preferable activity types using complicated characteristics of main agent of activity. We concluded that choice behavior of activity pattern is dependent on complex characteristics of each agent, and further multi-dimensional characteristics of each person are affected over the whole decision process of activity schedule.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2014

The recent keyword advertising does not reflect the individual customer searching pattern because it is focused on each keyword at the aggregate level. The purpose of this research is to observe processes of customer searching patterns. To be specific, individual deal-proneness is mainly concerned. This study incorporates location as a control variable. This paper examines the relationship between customers' searching patterns and probability of purchase. A customer searching session, which is the collection of sequence of keyword queries, is utilized as the unit of analysis. The degree of deal-proneness is measured using customer behavior which is revealed by customer searching keywords in the session. Deal-proneness measuring function calculates the discount of deal prone keyword leverage in accordance with customer searching order. Location searching specificity function is also calculated by the same logic. The analyzed data is narrowed down to the customer query session which has more than two keyword queries. The number of the data is 218,305 by session, which is derived from Internet advertising agency's (COMAS) advertisement managing data and the travel business advertisement revenue data from advertiser's. As a research result, there are three types of the deal-prone customer. At first, there is an unconditional active deal-proneness customer. It is the customer who has lower deal-proneness which means that he/she utilizes deal-prone keywords in the last phase. He/she starts searching a keyword like general ones and then finally purchased appropriate products by utilizing deal-prone keywords in the last time. Those two types of customers have the similar rates of purchase. However, the last type of the customer has middle deal-proneness; who utilizes deal-prone keywords in the middle of the process. This type of a customer closely gets into the information by employing deal-prone keywords but he/she could not find out appropriate alternative then would modify other keywords to look for other alternatives. That is the reason why the purchase probability in this case would be decreased Also, this research confirmed that there is a loyalty effect using location searching specificity. The customer who has higher trip loyalty for specificity location responds to selected promotion rather than general promotion. So, this customer has a lower probability to purchase.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

Recently, there is a growing interest in promoting safe and convenient roadway and traffic conditions for elderly drivers. This paper analyzed the driving characteristics, self recognition, and any inconvenience of elderly drivers over age 65 through an extensive survey, and drew some action plans to improve the driving conditions for elderly drivers. Survey results showed that the major trip purposes of the elderly driver were found to be commuting(50%) and business(33%), and this pattern was similar to the general drivers. The elderly drivers are interested in "safety", but "brand recognition" was the more important factor for the general drivers in the process of vehicle selection. The elderly drivers had no technical skill difference in driving as compared to the general drivers, but they fully recognized the physical deterioration such as reaction time and sight distance. In addition, the elderly drivers had a tendency to feel psychological contraction as to high workload driving conditions, thus it was necessary to make safe driving conditions by improving the design elements of traffic control devices on the roadways including visibility.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.34-42
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• 2014

This study is a fundamental research to determine the emergency evacuation roads considering road network function and connectivity. First of all, the functional aspects of the road networks are analyzed in the target area, Sejong city, by using degree centrality(DC) and closeness centrality(CC) from GIS based database. Secondly, how network connectivity makes a change in user's travel pattern and travel time and how it affects the whole network are analyzed using TransCAD simulation program. Finally, after performing cluster analysis of index, first and second emergency evacuation roads are determined by judging the characteristics of clusters. The results of this research will be helpful for making a decision to diminish secondary damages when confronting unexpected disasters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.97-108
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• 2001

A dynamic transportation management should be applied specially in AM peak because AM peak is more critical than PM peak in traffic volume and demand. AM peak trip can be characterized by commuting and schooling. which have the high level of usage on public transportation, and constraint on arrival time. So transportation management applied in AM peak could deal with a mode choice and an arrival time constrain. Researchers were involved in the dynamic transportation assignment models for management of congested traffic network. But, there were no models which considered a mode choice and an arrival time constrain should be included in management of AM peak. So there are limits to use exist models to control and analyze AM peak traffic. In this study, it is proposed the combined dynamic transportation model, considering a mode choice and the start time selection with arrival time constrains, based on Ran and Boyce's model. The proposed model is verified the compatibility by applying to the newly designed time space expanded network. The result shows that proposed model consistent with dynamic user optimal travel pattern. From this we certificate the applicability of the proposed model to control and analyze AM peak traffic.