• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2017

Metaheuristic algorithms in general make use of uniform random numbers in their search for optimum designs. Levy Flight (LF) is a random walk consisting of a series of consecutive random steps. The use of LF instead of uniform random numbers improves the performance of metaheuristic algorithms. In this study, three discrete optimum design algorithms are developed for steel skeletal structures each of which is based on one of the recent metaheuristic algorithms. These are biogeography-based optimization (BBO), brain storm optimization (BSO), and artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) algorithms. The optimum design problem of steel skeletal structures is formulated considering LRFD-AISC code provisions and W-sections for frames members and pipe sections for truss members are selected from available section lists. The minimum weight of steel structures is taken as the objective function. The number of steel skeletal structures is designed by using the algorithms developed and effect of LF is investigated. It is noticed that use of LF results in up to 14% lighter optimum structures.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.67.1-67.1
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• 2016

We examined the relations between CME speed and properties of magnetic helicity in the source region such as helicity injection rate and total unsigned magnetic flux, which reflect the magnetic energy in the active region. For this, we selected 22 CMEs occurred during the increasing phase of solar cycle 24, which shows extremely low activities and classified them into two groups according to evolution pattern of helicity injection rate. We then compared the relations with those from previous study based on the events in solar cycle 23. As the results, we found several properties as follows: (1) Both of CME speed and helicity parameters have very small values since we only considered increasing phase; (2) among 22 CMEs, only 6 events (27%) are classified as group B, which show sign reversal of helicity injection and they follow behind of appearance of group A events. This fact is well coincide with the trend of solar cycle 23 that only group A events was observed in the first 3 years of the period; (3) as the solar activity is increasing, the CME speed and helicity parameters are also increasing. Based on the observations of solar cycle 23, the helicity parameters was still increasing in spite of decreasing solar activity after maximum period.

• 복식
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.168-183
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• 2014

When expressing Jesus Christ visually in the medieval Christian paintings, the most important issue was portraying Christ's divinity and humanity in a balanced manner; showing both attributes as Son of God and a human being. The purpose of the study is to examine both the formative and the symbolic characteristics of divinity and humanity on Christ's clothes in the Medieval paintings, Baptism of Christ. In the paintings, there are iconographical devices to show His divinity including God, Holy Spirit, the Trinity and the Jordan River. But Christ's body is definite evidence to show his humanity. In connection with the body, the clothes reveal Christ's humanity and divinity as well. Through this research, the study found that the divinity and humanity on the Christ's clothes in the baptism of Christ were as follows: Blue, gole, purple, and white are the emblem of divinity, while the colors red and white stand for the humanity of Christ. In addition, the divinity of christ is expressed through the decoration on the clothes, while the humanity of Christ is shown through the structured drapery and transparent material.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.683-705
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• 2016

A semi-active algorithm for edgewise vibration control of the spar-type floating offshore wind turbine (SFOWT) blades, nacelle and spar platform is developed in this paper. A tuned mass damper (TMD) is placed in each blade, in the nacelle and on the spar to control the vibrations for these components. A Short Time Fourier Transform algorithm is used for semi-active control of the TMDs. The mathematical formulation of the integrated SFOWT-TMDs system is derived by using Euler-Lagrangian equations. The theoretical model derived is a time-varying system considering the aerodynamic properties of the blade, variable mass and stiffness per unit length, gravity, the interactions among the blades, nacelle, spar, mooring system and the TMDs, the hydrodynamic effects, the restoring moment and the buoyancy force. The aerodynamic loads on the nacelle and the spar due to their coupling with the blades are also considered. The effectiveness of the semi-active TMDs is investigated in the numerical examples where the mooring cable tension, rotor speed and the blade stiffness are varying over time. Except for excessively large strokes of the nacelle TMD, the semi-active algorithm is considerably more effective than the passive one in all cases and its effectiveness is restricted by the low-frequency nature of the nacelle and the spar responses.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2013

The change of shopping environment created new emerging type of shopping center after 1990's, Urban Entertainment Center(UEC) in northen America. One hand traditional shopping center was retail-centered, the other hand UEC is entertainment-centered and offers the trinity of synergy. Each components, that are retail, dining and entertainment, play a role of drawing people, extending duration of visiting and making people revisit then the synergy makes commercial profit in shopping center. As northen America many of shopping centers with complex have been built in Korea since 2000 and some projects is planning by the change of shopping environment and regenerating urban. Although the term of "UEC" is used in Korea, it seems to be added entertainment facilities to shopping center without considering on commercial strategy. This study will take a look at mix and duration of visit which ULI stresses in UEC development and comparing with those of Yongsan Station and Chyeongrangri Station which are built recently in seoul, it will get characters and situation of these UECs. Finally, the analysis is to be used as a planning data in UEC development.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2013

In this paper, core-shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) CdSeS/ZnS with emission at 490 nm and 450 nm were investigated for their use in luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layers. Luminescent quantum yield (LQY) of the QDs measurements in solution proposed that they were suitable candidates for inclusion in LDS layers. QDs were encapsulated in poly(methyl,methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer matrix and films were fabricated of $134{\pm}0.05$ microns. Selections of organic dyes from BASF Lumogen F range were also investigated for their use as LDS layers; Violet 570 and Yellow 083. The addition of LDS layers containing Violet 570 dye demonstrated a unity LQY when encapsulated within a PMMA matrix. A PV device of an LDS layer of Lumogen Violet 570 deposited on top of a crystalline silicon cell was fabricated where it was demonstrated to increase the efficiency of the cell by 34.5% relative.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2020

In many applications like the aircraft or the rockets/missiles, the flow from a nozzle needs to be expanded suddenly in an enlarged duct of larger diameter. The enlarged duct is provided after the nozzle to maximize the thrust created by the flow from the nozzle. When the fluid is suddenly expanded in an enlarged duct, the base pressure is generally lower than the atmospheric pressure, which results in base drag. The objective of this research work is to optimize the length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the enlarged duct using the CFD analysis in the flow field from the supersonic nozzle. The flow from the nozzle drained in an enlarged duct, the thrust, and the base pressure are studied. The Mach numbers for the study were 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5. The nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) of the study were 2, 5 and 8. The L/D ratios of the study were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Based on the results, it is concluded that the L/D ratio should be increased to an optimum value to reattach the flow to an enlarged duct and to increase the thrust. The supersonic suddenly expanded flow field is wave dominant, and the results cannot be generalized. The optimized L/D ratios for various combinations of flow and geometrical parameters are given in the conclusion section.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2021

Translating ribosomes accompany co-translational regulation of nascent polypeptide chains, including subcellular targeting, protein folding, and covalent modifications. Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) is a co-translational surveillance mechanism triggered by ribosomal collisions, an indication of atypical translation. The ribosome-associated E3 ligase ZNF598 ubiquitinates small subunit proteins at the stalled ribosomes. A series of RQC factors are then recruited to dissociate and triage aberrant translation intermediates. Regulatory ribosomal stalling may occur on endogenous transcripts for quality gene expression, whereas ribosomal collisions are more globally induced by ribotoxic stressors such as translation inhibitors, ribotoxins, and UV radiation. The latter are sensed by ribosome-associated kinases GCN2 and ZAKα, activating integrated stress response (ISR) and ribotoxic stress response (RSR), respectively. Hierarchical crosstalks among RQC, ISR, and RSR pathways are readily detectable since the collided ribosome is their common substrate for activation. Given the strong implications of RQC factors in neuronal physiology and neurological disorders, the interplay between RQC and ribosome-associated stress signaling may sustain proteostasis, adaptively determine cell fate, and contribute to neural pathogenesis. The elucidation of underlying molecular principles in relevant human diseases should thus provide unexplored therapeutic opportunities.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.89-126
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• 2013

The Red shirts came to attract attention of the international community during April to May in 2010 by successfully organizing explosive popular demonstrations. The momentum was the military coup on September 9, 2006. The Red color was chosen amid movements against the new constitution instituted under the military junta. In discourse struggles, the Red shirts compared their resistance against the Democratic Party government lead by Abhisit Vejjajiva to that of phrai (commoner or serfs) against ammart (aristocrats or bureaucrats) under the pre-modern reign of sakdina. The Red shirts strongly accused Prem Tinsulanonda, the chief of the Privy Council, of being a mastermind of 2006 military coup, who symbolically represents the cohesion between the palace and the military. It has constituted an unprecedented defiance towards national taboo where the trinity of Nation, Religion, and King has been consecrated. The objective of this article is to review the Red Shirts' ideology, organizations and activities in terms of the modernized phrai's struggles for expanding counter-hegemony. While Antonio Gramsci focused on why socialist revolution had failed to materialize in capitalist Western Europe, I pay attention to why political liberalism has failed to wash away pre-modernity and take root in capitalist Thailand, applying the Gramscian concept of hegemony by contrasting 'hybrid ammart' with 'modernized phrai'.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2022

Supersonic projectiles like rockets, missiles, or aircraft find various applications in the field of defense. The shape of the wings is mainly designed as wedge shape or delta wings for supersonic vehicles. The study of supersonic flows over the wedges and flat plate delta wings around the large scale of incidence angle is considered in the supersonic projectile. In the present paper, the prime attention is to study the pressure at the nose of the plane wedge over the various Mach number and the various angles of incidence. Ghosh piston theory is used to obtain the pressure distribution analytically, and the results are compared with CFD analysis results. The wedge angle and Mach number are the parameters considered for the research work. The range of wedge angle is 50 to 250, and Mach number is 1.5 to 4.0 are considered for the current research work. The analytical results show excellent agreement with the CFD results. The results show that both the parameters wedge angle and Mach number are influential parameters to vary the static pressure. The static pressure increases with an increase in Mach number and wedge angle.