• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.567-569
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• 1976

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.413-415
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• 2007

A 26-year-old man was admitted to our department due to intermittent left hemiparesis for 3 months. Magnetic resonance Image showed subacute infarction in the right precentral gyrus. Digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography revealed an aneurysmal protrusion at the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. It was difficult to differentiate the aneurysm from the occlusion of the middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. Brain single photon emission computerized tomography showed a decrease in perfusion in the right posterior frontal lobe without vascular reserve. Therefore, we planned a superficial temporal artery MCA anastomosis with an exploration of the right MCA bifurcation. Intraoperatively, the aneurysmal opacification on preoperative angiography proved to be the proximal stump of the occluded middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. An aneurysmal protrusion at the MCA bifurcation does not always indicate an aneurysm. In diagnosing protruding vascular lesions at the MCA bifurcation, the possibility of a vascular stump should be considered according to their angioanatomical appearance and the history of the patient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.187-190
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• 1987

The Saphenous vein is still the graft of choice for bypass of small calibered peripheral arteries, and many recent studies revealed that the "In Situ" technique had higher rate of long term patency than the conventional "reversed" one. A 71-year-old male who had atherosclerotic obstruction in the superficial femoral and popliteal trifurcation underwent In Situ saphenous vein arterial bypass. The saphenous vein is exposed by a long medial skin incision over the course of the vein. All branches of vein are ligated. A olive-tipped metal needle is introduced into the vein from above and everts the valves. The patient has been followed for 2 months after operation. The graft remained pulsatile and the gangrenous areas on the toe proceeded to heal. We think In situ vein bypass offers an excellent and safe method of revascularization of the arterial occlusion below the knee although it is technically demanding and the time consuming. time consuming.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.53-55
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• 2023

Azygos vein injuries are rare consequences of blunt trauma. When there is high drainage output from a right-sided intercostal catheter, an azygos injury must be considered in the differential diagnosis. We report the case of a 38-year-old male patient involved in a fall from a height during a motorcycle accident. Computed tomography demonstrated a large right-sided hemothorax and left-sided pneumothorax. The patient was transferred to the operating theatre and underwent a clamshell thoracotomy. A laceration in the azygos vein at the confluence of the arch of the azygos and the right superior intercostal vein was identified. Bleeding was controlled at the trifurcation. The patient survived and was discharged home on postoperative day 15.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.624-629
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• 2012

This study examined the anatomical relationships along with the variability of the facial nerve trunk and its branches with an emphasis on the intraparotid connections between the divisions. And histomorphometric observations of the facial nerve branches and fascicles were performed on 40 Korean half-heads. The facial nerve trunk was bifurcated into two main divisions(35/40, 87.5%) and the other five cases were divided into a trifurcation pattern. According to the origin of the buccal branch, the branching patterns of the facia l nerve were classified into four categories. Communications between the facial and auriculotemporal nerve branches were observed in 37 out of 40 cases(92.5%). In the histological observation, the buccal branch had the greatest number of branches(3.47), however the zygomatic branch had the largest diameters(0.93mm). This detailed description of the facial nerve anatomy wi ll provide useful information for surgical procedures such as a tumor resection. a facial nerve reconstruction, autonerve graft. and facelift.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 1985

It is well known that the morphologic feature of coronary artery is variant as finger print. Left coronary artery is divided into the left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery and supplies almost left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum. Clinically, the morphologic features of number of branches and the length of the left main coronary artery are important. In Korea, there are few reports about morphologic study of the coronary artery, and the coronary angiogram and open heart surgery are common. Now the author studied the morphology of the proximal part of the left coronary artery in Korean 50 Adult cadavers and obtained the following results: 1. The length of the left main coronary artery is from 5 mm to 16 mm [mean 9.7 mm]. 2. The diameter of the proximal part of the left coronary artery is from 3.2 mm to 7.7 mm [mean 5.3]. 3. The features of the branching are bifurcation [58%] trifurcation [38%] and quadrifurcation [4%]. 4. The diameter of the left anterior descending artery is from 2.7 mm to 8.1 mm [mean 4.5] and circumflex artery from 2.1 mm to 6.2 mm [mean 3.9].

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2014

An 8-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat (Case 1) and 3-year-old castrated male Siamese cat (Case 2) was presented with acute paresis of the hindlimbs, constant open-mouth breathing, and hemoptysis. Heart murmur (Case 1) and gallop sound (Case 2) was ausculated on the left heart base. Radiographs revealed alveolar infiltration of the caudodorsal lung lobes with aerophagea in Case 1 and prominent cardiomegaly in Case 2. Marked concentric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and free wall, and left atrial enlargement was detected through echocardiography in both cats. Based on the examinations including echocardiography, those cats were diagnosed as hypertropic cardiomyopathy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed echogenic material in the aortic trifurcation region, aortic thromboembolism (ATE). Although prognosis of those animals was guarded, interventional therapeutic approach through direct endovascular thrombolytic therapy was attempted. ATE was visualized through angiography; however dissolving the embolus using interventional thrombolytic approach was not successful due to the extensive thrombus.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.2 s.41
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• pp.263-273
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to analyse the center of resistance of the maxillary first molar using the 3-dimension finite element method. An extracted maxillary first molar of normal shape and average root length was selected and sectioned every 1.5mm parallel to the cementoenamel junction. Each section was traced and digitized to construct 3-D finite element model of the maxillary first molar. After a certain magnitude of counterbalancing moment(M) was applied to the tooth, a varying single force(F) of distomesial direction was applied to a certain point of th tooth until the tooth was translated. The force producing translation(Ft) was substituted to the equation ${\Delta}d=M/Ft$ to calculate the center of resistance of the maxillary first molar. And reducing the alveolar bone level 1.68mm, and 3.36mm below to the cementoenamel junction, the tooth movement was analysed to see the effect of reducing the alveolar bone level to the location of the center of resistance. The results were as follows ; 1. The center of resistance of the maxillary first molar was 3.72mm apical, 1.10mm buccal, and 0.71mm mesial to the geometric center of the horizontally sectioned surface at the cementoenamel junction. This point was 0.36mm apical, 1.20mm buccal, and 0.71mm mesial to the trifurcation point, indicating that it was not on the tooth root. 2. As the alveolar bone level was reduced, the center of resistance of the maxillary first molar was moved to the apical direction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.362-366
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• 2009

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most often seen type of cardiomyopathy in cats. The cause is unknown but a genetic basis is thought to underlie some cases. Thromboembolism (TE) is a troubling complication in cats with myocardial disease. Two cats referred to Seoul National University Hospital for Animals with the paralysis of bilateral hindlimbs after vomiting. The cats were depressed and the bilateral hindlimbs were cyanotic, cool and painful. Heart murmur sounds were auscultated in both cases. Through radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation, HCM was diagnosed. TE at the distal aortic trifurcation was also visualized on abdominal ultrasonography. Both cats were expired and HCM and saddle thrombus were confirmed by postmortem examination in one cat.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2009

Background: Zaprinast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5, 6 and 9. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors could produce anti-nociceptive effects by promoting the accumulation of cGMP. We hypothesized that intrathecal zaprinast could attenuate the allodynia induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rat. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with four loose ligations of the left sciatic nerve just proximal to the trifurcation into the sural, peroneal and tibial nerve branches. Tactile allodynia was measured by applying von Frey filaments to the lesioned hindpaw. The thresholds for the withdrawal responses were assessed. Zaprinast ($3-100{\mu}g$) was administered intrathecally by the direct lumbar puncture method to obtain the dose-response curve and the 50% effective dose ($ED_{50}$). Measurements were taken before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after the intrathecal doses of zaprinast. The side effects were also observed. Results: Intrathecal zaprinast resulted in a dose-dependent antiallodynic effect. The maximal effects occurred within 15-30 min and then they gradually decreased down to the baseline level over time in all the groups. There was a dose dependent increase in the magnitude and duration of the effect. The $ED_{50}$ value was $17.4{\mu}g$ (95% confidence intervals; $14.7-20.5{\mu}g$). No severe motor weakness or sedation was observed in any of the rats. Conclusions: Intrathecally administered zaprinast produced a dose-dependent antiallodynic effect in the chronic constriction injury neuropathic pain model. These findings suggest that spinal phosphodiesterase 5, 6 and 9 may play an important role in the modulation of neuropathic pain.