• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.783-788
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a new approach to detect and recognize human face in the image from vision camera equipped on the mobile robot platform. Due to the mobility of camera platform, obtained facial image is small and pose-various. For this condition, new algorithm should cope with these constraints and can detect and recognize face in nearly real time. In detection step, ‘coarse to fine’ detection strategy is used. Firstly, region boundary including face is roughly located by dual ellipse templates of facial color and on this region, the locations of three main facial features- two eyes and mouth-are estimated. For this, simplified facial feature maps using characteristic chrominance are made out and candidate pixels are segmented as eye or mouth pixels group. These candidate facial features are verified whether the length and orientation of feature pairs are suitable for face geometry. In recognition step, pseudo-convex hull area of gray face image is defined which area includes feature triangle connecting two eyes and mouth. And random lattice line set are composed and laid on this convex hull area, and then 2D appearance of this area is represented. From these procedures, facial information of detected face is obtained and face DB images are similarly processed for each person class. Based on facial information of these areas, distance measure of match of lattice lines is calculated and face image is recognized using this measure as a classifier. This proposed detection and recognition algorithms overcome the constraints of previous approach [15], make real-time face detection and recognition possible, and guarantee the correct recognition irregardless of some pose variation of face. The usefulness at mobile robot application is demonstrated.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

In this paper, we study the structure of the Daegyupyo (大圭表, Large Gnomon) of the early Joseon dynasty. A Gyupyo (圭表, Gnomon that is Guibiao as pronounced in Chinese) is composed of a Pyo (表, Biao as pronounced in Chinese) making a shadow and a Gyu (圭, Gui as pronounced in Chinese) measuring its length. It is known that the Daegyupyo with the 40-feet height was constructed between the sixteenth to seventeenth year of the King Sejong reign (1444 - 1445) on the basis of the record of Yuanshi (元史, the History of the Yuan Dynasty). By analyzing historical documents such as Joseonwangjosillok (朝鮮王朝實錄, the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Yuanshi, and Jegaryeoksangjip (諸家曆象集, a work written by Sunji Lee), we found a possibility that the Ji (池, a pond) on the Gyu was located in the north side of the Pyo. This structure is different from that in previous studies, but is in a good agreement with that of the 40-feet Guibiao remaining in Dengfeng (登封) of China. Regarding to the Hoengyang (橫梁, cross-bar), we suggest that it was set up by double 5-feet supporting arms apart from the north tip of the Pyo in the radial direction. The 3:4:5 ratio in a rectangular triangle was used to place the Heongyang on the top of the Pyo at a distance of 4-feet (3-feet) in the vertical (horizontal) direction. We also discuss the structural problem when the Hoengyang is positioned apart from the top of the Pyo by supporting arms. In conclusion, we think that this study should be useful in restoring the Daegyupyo of the Joseon dynasty.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.43-60
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• 1988

This study was carried out to determine traffic noise level and analyze noise reduction effects of various sound protection facilities in the area of Seoul, Inch'on, Songchoo and Seoul- Busan Expressway from March to Octover, 1987. The results were as follows; 1. As compared with the environmental standards and the traffic noise level in heavy noise areas, traffic noise levels observed were shown in higher than environmental standards. The noise levels in Seoul were determined at 12.8-18.2 dB(A) in daytime and 19.0-26.9 dB (A) in nighttime. And incase of inch'on, it were 6.7-9.6 dB(A) in daytime, 7.9-18.9 dB(A) in nighttime, respectively. 2. The environmental noise level observed in the backside of protection facilities, such as apartment, soundproof barrier and houses, which were constructed in paralled to the road was lower about 3-5 dB(A) than perpendicular to theroad. Noise recuction effect of upper stairs in apartment was higher than lower stairs. 3. The predicted noise level obtained from the equation $({\triangle}L\;=\; -10\;log\;(^{I'1}/Ii)\;was\;\pm\;1dB$ (A) and the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.923. 4. The noise reduction effect in backside of apartment was measured at on sites and predicted by total noise loss equation. The predicted noise level was 60.9 dB(A) and the measured level was 60.6 dB(A), respectively. 5. The narrow width landscape less than 10m width was almost no effect for the protection of traffic noise. According to the synthesis of the above results, the noise level of the road was exceeding mostly the environmental standard in the heavy traffic areas. The counterplan should be set as well. The insulation of noise protection facilities were effective by the location with near distance from the road edge. The reduction effect of double window in apartment was represented so much. The prediction model could be applied to estimate the noise levels in the roadside as well as the effectiveness for the noise protection facilities.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose a standard of converting 3D shape of men in twenties to 2D patterns. This can be a basis for scientific and automatic pattern making for high quality custom clothes. Firstly, representative 3D body shape of men was modeled. Then the 3D model was divided into 3 shells, front, side and back. Among them, the front shell was divided into 4 blocks by bust line and princess line. Secondly, curves are generated on each block according to matrix combination by grid method. Then triangles were developed into 2D pieces by reflecting the 3D curve length. The grid was arranged to maintain outer curve length. Next, the area of developed pieces and block were calculated and difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area is calculated. Also, area difference ratio by the number of triangles is calculated. The difference ratio was represented as graphs and optimal section is selected by the shape of graphs. The optimal matrix was set considering connection with other blocks. Curves of torso upper front shell were regenerated by the optimal matrix and developed into pieces. We validated it's suitability by comparing difference ratio between the block area and the developed pieces' area of optimal section. The results showed that there was no significant difference between block area and the pieces' area developed by optimal matrix. The optimal matrix for 2D developing could be characterized as two types according to block's shape characteristics, one is affected by triangle number, the other is affected by number of raws more than columns. Through this study, both the 2D pattern developing from 3D body shape and 3D modeling from 2D pattern is possible, so it's standardization also possible.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1997

컴퓨터 그래픽스 분야와 지리정보시스템 분야에서 사진과 같은 지형을 모델링하는 방법이 연구되고 있다. 이러한 지형 모델링은 비행 시뮬레이터, 임무 예행연습과 건설 계획과 같은 응용프로그램에 사용된다 지형을 표현하는 일반적인 접근방법은 수치고도모델을 사용하는 것이다. 수치고도모델이란 지형의 고도 값을 저장한 2차원 배열을 말하며 인공위성을 통해 얻어진다. 수치고도데이터를 가지고 3차원 지형을 표현하는 처리과정은 3단계로 구성되어진다. 첫 번째 단계는 수치고도 모델에서 정확도에 따라 의미점을 추출한다. 두 번째 단계는 추출된 의미점을 바탕으로 불규칙삼각망을 구성한다. 세번째 단계는 표현된 3차원 지형을 렌더링한다. 이 논문의 목적은 불규칙 삼각망을 가진 3차원 지형을 구성하는데 있다. 불규칙 삼각망의 구성을 위해 래디얼 스위프 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 래디얼 스위프 알고리즘은 불규칙 삼각망을 빠르고 효과적으로 만든다. 그러나, 불규칙 삼각망은 삼각형된 표면의 근사치에 의해 발생하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 최적화 삼각형에 의한 개선된 래디얼 스위프알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2007년도 학술대회 3부
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• pp.306-317
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• 2007

We present an interactive and accurate collision detection algorithm for deformable, polygonal objects based on the streaming computational model. Our algorithm can detect all possible pairwise primitive-level intersections between two severely deforming models at highly interactive rates. In our streaming computational model, we consider a set of axis aligned bounding boxes (AABBs) that bound each of the given deformable objects as an input stream and perform massively-parallel pairwise, overlapping tests onto the incoming streams. As a result, we are able to prevent performance stalls in the streaming pipeline that can be caused by expensive indexing mechanism required by bounding volume hierarchy-based streaming algorithms. At run-time, as the underlying models deform over time, we employ a novel, streaming algorithm to update the geometric changes in the AABB streams. Moreover, in order to get only the computed result (i.e., collision results between AABBs) without reading back the entire output streams, we propose a streaming en/decoding strategy that can be performed in a hierarchical fashion. After determining overlapped AABBs, we perform a primitive-level (e.g., triangle) intersection checking on a serial computational model such as CPUs. We implemented the entire pipeline of our algorithm using off-the-shelf graphics processors (GPUs), such as nVIDIA GeForce 7800 GTX, for streaming computations, and Intel Dual Core 3.4G processors for serial computations. We benchmarked our algorithm with different models of varying complexities, ranging from 15K up to 50K triangles, under various deformation motions, and the timings were obtained as 30~100 FPS depending on the complexity of models and their relative configurations. Finally, we made comparisons with a well-known GPU-based collision detection algorithm, CULLIDE [4] and observed about three times performance improvement over the earlier approach. We also made comparisons with a SW-based AABB culling algorithm [2] and observed about two times improvement.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.537-543
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• 2004

의학 영상 분야에서 인체에 대한 3차원 모델을 생성하는 데는 평행한 2차원 영상위에 있는 외곽선들로부터 원래 물체의 형상을 복원하는 방법이 일반적으로 사용된다. CT나 MR영상을 획득한 후 해부구조물에 대해서 구역화를 하면 외곽선 집합을 얻을 수 있다. 기존의 표면 재구성 알고리즘은 외곽선을 단순 정합이 가능한 부분과 클레프트(cleft)를 나누어 처리하는데, 클레프트를 처리하는 시간이 오래 걸리기 때문에 모델이 복잡할 경우 수행속도가 저하되는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 분기(branch)가 없는 단순영역을 형태에 관계없이 한번에 타일화하고, 분기가 있는 경우에는 한 외곽선의 정점들을 대응하는 외곽선들의 정점개수와 분포를 고려하여 분할함으로써 간단하고 신속하게 타일화하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 기법을 이용하여 해부구조물의 3차원 모델을 생성하는 표면 재구성 시스템을 구현하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1454-1465
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• 2011

Menswear body types are often labeled on garments (to indicate how the garments are designed to fit) with indicators of a size category such as regular, portly, and stout, athletic, or big and tall. A drop (relationships between the chest and waist girths) is related to the fit of a tailored suit. However, current standards are not designed for various drops or body types. There is not enough information of categorizing men's body shapes for the apparel sizing systems. In this article, a set of men's data from SizeUSA sizing survey was analyzed to investigate men's body shapes and drops. Factor analysis and a cluster analysis method were used to categorize men's body shapes. In the results, twenty-five variables were selected through the factor analysis and found four factors: girth factor, height factor, torso girth factor, and slope degree factor. According to the factor and cluster analysis, various body shapes were found: Slim Shape (SS - tall ectomorphy), Heavy Shape (HS - athletic, big & tall, endomorphy and mesomorphy), Slant Inverted Triangle Shape (SITS - regular, slight ectomorphy and slight mesomorphy weight range from normal to slightly overweight), Short Round Top Shape (SRTS - portly and stout, endomorphy). Body shapes were related to fitting categories. SS and HS were related to big & tall fitting category. SITS was related to regular. SRTS was related to portly and stout. Shape 1 (31%) and Shape 2 (26%) were related to current big & tall category. Shape 3 (34%) were related to regular. Shape 4 (9%) were in portly and stout category. ASTM D 6240 standard was the only available standard that presented a regular fitting category. Various drops were found within a same chest size group; however, this study revealed great variances of drops by body shape.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2009

This paper aims to investigate if a total of 266 college students from Yanbian, China, and Korea's Jeonnam Province are satisfied with their face and body type, and to find out an image-development method, depending on body characteristics. For this, a questionnaire survey using the 5-point Likert Scale was conducted, and an SPSS program has been used for data analysis. Besides the descriptive analysis, crosstab analysis, t-verification, and frequency analysis have been conducted. As body shape, posture, costume, accessories and makeup play an important role in image formation, this paper intends to form positive ego through exact awareness of the body shape by providing base data to a set image-development strategy. Then, the result has turned out as follows: First, in terms of the body index (i.e., Rohrer index), both Korea's Jeonnam Province and China's Yanbian college students were included in a category of the mean value. In terms of satisfaction with their body shape, on the contrary, China's China's Yanbian college students were higher than Korea's Jeonnam Province college students. Second, male China's Yanbian college students were slightly higher than female China's Yanbian college students in terms of satisfaction with their facial shape. However, the male students showed no big interest in facial care. Third, in terms of facial shape, an egg-shaped face was the most preferred in both China's Yanbian and Korea's Jeonnam Province college students, followed by an inverted triangle-shaped face in China's Yanbian college students and a diamond-shaped face in Korea's Jeonnam Province college students, showing significant difference ($p{\le}.001$). Even though both college students live in Northeast Asia, their preference on facial shape turned out to greatly differ, which indicates their different social environments. This paper will be helpful in global marketing for college students who are the major consumers in the future as Korean-Chinese exchange increases.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2004

An analytic method was developed for the quantitation of $\Delta$$^{9}-$ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) in human hair. After hair samples were pulverized using Freezer Mill, deuterated internal standards were added and digested in 1 N NaOH at $100^{\circ}C$ water bath for 30 min. Digest solutions were extracted by 5 ml hexane：ethyl acetate (90：10) after acidification with acetic acid. The organic phase was evaporated under N 2 and derivatized by BSTFA (with 1% TMCS) at $85^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. The derivatized solution was separated on HP-5MS column ($30m{\times}0.25mm{\times}0.25mm$) and detected using EI-GC-MS with selective ion monitoring mode. The assay of calibration was ranged from 5 to 100 ng/50 mg hair ($r^2$＞0.99) for THC and THC-COOH. Within and between-run precision were calculated at 6, 30, 60 ng/50 mg hair with coefficients of variation less than 11%. Within and between run accuracies at the same concentrations were$\pm$14% and $\pm$30% of target for both analytes, respectively. Absolute and relative recovery at 10 and 100 ng were 60∼91％. The method was used to detect and quantify THC and THC-COOH in cannabis abuser's hairs (N = 16) and SRM (N=5, THC 1 ng/mg, NIST). We detected THC and THC-COOH in only one hair sample. In SRM, % accuracy was 93% (range 86∼103%) and precision (% CV) was 8.14. We began to set up a quantitative analysis of THC and THC-COOH using EI-GC-MS. Continuously, we need to modify and develop this method in order to apply for identification in cannanbis users' hair.