• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.91-105
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to conduct a questionnaire survey for total 503 high school female students in Wonju area, Kangwon province, and thereby determine any potential effectiveness of their trials to reduce weight in their satisfaction with their own figure, daily living practices related to weight control, nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors. Out of all respondents, it was found that 284 girl students(58.4%) ever tried to reduce weight, and both trial group(trying to reduce weight) and no-trial group were much interested in weight control(94.7% vs. 60.7%). But 85.2% of trial group and 50.3% of no-trial group were dissatisfied at their figure. It was found that the percentage of trial group practicing regular exercise was higher than that of no-trial group doing so(21.8% vs. 5.5%). Subjects scored 14.3 out of 20 on a nutrition knowledge scale, but trial group scored significantly higher points(14.5) than no-trial group(13.9)(p<0.01). In particular, it was notable that trial group showed higher rate of correct answer in certain items such as balanced diet and knowledge about weight control. It was found that our all respondents showed moderate dietary behaviors, which is demonstrated by their mean score of 31.3 in dietary behaviors(possible score: $15{\sim}45$). Notably, it was found that there were problems exposed in their dietary velocity, intake of various diets and intake frequency for each food group(dairy products, marine plants and vegetative oil and fat). And it was found that the percentage of trial group taking diet with vegetative oil was higher than that of no-trial group.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.141-156
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• 1990

The experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility of improving the effectiveness of the existing method to estimate the edible meat weight in the live broiler chicken. A total of 360 birds, five male and female chicks from each line were sacrificed at Trial 1 (body weight 900-1, 000g), Trial 2 (body weight 1.200-1, 400g), Trial 3(body weight 1, 600-1, 700), and Trial 4(body weight 2, 000g) in order to measure the body weight, edible meat weight of breast, thigh and drumsticks, and various components of body weight. Each line was reared at the Poultry Breeding Farm, Seoul National University from the second of july, 1987 to the thirteenth of September, 1987. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows ： 1. The average body weights of each line( H. T, M, A) were $2150.5\pm$34.9, $2133.0\pm$26.2, $1960.0\pm$23.1, and $2319.3\pm$27.9, respectively. at 7 weeks of age. The feed to body weight eain ratio for each line chicks was 2.55, 2.13, 2.08, and 2.03, respectively, for 0 to 7 weeks of age. The viability of each line was 99.7. 99.7, 100.0, and 100.0%, respectively, for 0 to 7 weeks of age.01 was noticed that A Line chicks grow significantly heavier than did T, H, M line chic ks from 0 to 7 weeks of age. The regression coefficients of growth curves from each line chicks were bA＝1.015, bH＝0.265, bM＝0.950 and bT＝0.242, respectively. 2. Among the body weight components, the feather. abdominal fat, breast, and thigh and drumsticks increased in their weight percentage as the birds grew older, while neck. head, giblets and inedible viscera decreased. No difference wat apparent in shank, wings and hack. 3. The weight percentages of breast in edible part for each line thicks were 19.2, 19.0, 19.9 and 19.0% at Trial 4, respectively. The weight percentages of thigh and drumsticks in edible part for each line chicks were 23.1, 23.3, 22.8, and 23.0% at Trial 4. respective1y. 4. The values for the percentage meat yield from breast were 77.2. 78.9 73.5 and 74.8% at Trial 4 in H, T, M and A Line chicks. respectively. For thigh and drumstick, the values of 80.3, 78.4. 79.7 and 80.2% were obtained. These data indicate that the percentage meat yield increase as the birds grow older. 5. The correlation coefficients between body weight and blood. head, shanks. breast. thigh-drumstick were high. The degree if correlation between abdominal fat(%) and percentage of edible meat were extremely low at all times, but those between abdominal fat (%) and inedible viscera were significantly high.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.230-234
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• 2005

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of varying levels of tryptophan on the performance and carcass character of broiler. Trial 1: Ninety-six, five-week-old male Hubbard chickens, average weight 1.97 kg, were used in the trial. All birds were allocated into 3 treatments of 32 birds each. Each bird was kept in an individual cage. The trial period was 3 weeks. Treatment 1: Tryptophan content 0.198%. Treatment 2: Tryptophan content 0.228%. Treatment 3: Tryptophan content 0.258%. Trial 2: Ninety-six, three-week-old male Hubbard chickens, average weight 1.23 kg, were randomly distributed into the following two treatments. Each treatment had 48 birds. Treatment 1: Tryptophan content 0.167%. Treatment 2: Tryptophan content 0.198%. Trial 3: Ninety-six, twoweek-old Hubbard chickens, average body weight 0.72 kg, were used in this experiment. There were three treatments as follows. Treatment 1. Tryptophan content 0.136%. Treatment 2. Tryptophan content 0.167%. Treatment 3. Tryptophan content 0.198%. The result of Trial 1 showed that the feed intake, performance, and carcass characteristics were not influenced by tryptophan content in the diet which between 0.198% and 0.258% (p>0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in feed intake in either treatment in Trial 2. However, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and most carcass characteristics in the 0.198% treatment were significantly better (p<0.05) than in the 0.167% treatment. There was a trend that feed intake increased with increasing level of tryptophan, but there was no significant difference in Trial 3. The weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were significantly reduced for the broiler in the 0.136% treatment. This series of experiment showed that broilers need about 0.198% of tryptophan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1995

Two digestion trials were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding heated soybean meal (HSBM) on ruminal and post-ruminal digestion of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N), bacterial N flow to the duodenum and N balance in young calves weaned at 6 weeks of age. In trial 1, calves were fed concentrate diets containing soybean meal (SBM) or HSBM and hay mixed in the ratio of 6:4 to support daily weight gain of 0.5 kg. The same concentrate diets were used in trial 2, but the ratio of concentrate to hay was 7:3 to support body weight gain of 0.7 kg/d. Measurements were made 10 and 13 weeks of age in trial 1, and at 10 and 15 weeks in trial 2. Ruminal OM digestibility increased with advancing age in both trials. Ruminal OM digestion was not affected by the diets in trial 1, but it was greater for the SBM diet than for the HSBM diet at 10 weeks in trial 2. Net N loss from the rumen was lover for the HSBM diet than for the SBM diet in trial 1, but it was not affected by the diets in trial 2. Bacterial N flow to the duodenum, N digestion in the total digestive tract and N retention were not affected by the diets in either of the trials.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1238-1254
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Weight loss via a mobile application (App) or a paper-based diary (Paper) may confer favorable metabolic and anthropometric changes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A randomized parallel trial was conducted among 57 adults whose body mass indices (BMIs) were 25 kg/m² or greater. Participants randomly assigned to either the App group (n = 30) or the Paper group (n = 27) were advised to record their foods and supplements through App or Paper during the 12-week intervention period. Relative changes of anthropometries and biomarker levels were compared between the 2 intervention groups. Untargeted metabolic profiling was identified to discriminate metabolic profiles. RESULTS: Out of the 57 participants, 54 participants completed the trial. Changes in body weight and BMI were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.11). However, body fat and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels increased in the App group but decreased in the Paper group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03 for body fat and 0.02 for LDL-cholesterol). In the metabolomics analysis, decreases in methylglyoxal and (S)-malate in pyruvate metabolism and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) in linoleic acid metabolism from pre- to post-intervention were observed in the Paper group. CONCLUSIONS: In the 12-week randomized parallel trial of weight loss through a App or a Paper, we found no significant difference in change in BMI or weight between the App and Paper groups, but improvement in body fatness and LDL-cholesterol levels only in the Paper group under the circumstances with minimal contact by dietitians or health care providers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

There were three trials involved in this experiment. All piglets in Trial 1 were randomly distributed into the following 4 treatments. Treatment 1. Corn-soybean diet with 5% SDPP. The tryptophan level was 0.237%. Treatment 2. Corn-soybean diet with 10% meat and bone meal. The tryptophan level was 0.177%. Treatment 3. Treatment 1+0.0662% synthetic tryptophan. The total tryptophan level was 0.303. Treatment 4. Treatment 2+0.0662% synthetic tryptophan. The total tryptophan level was 0.236. Piglets in Trial 2 were distributed randomly into the following 4 treatments. Treatment 1: corn-soybean diet+10% meat and bone meal. The total tryptophan level was 0.176%. Treatment 2: corn-soybean diet+10% meat and bone meal+5% SDPP. The total tryptophan level was 0.180%. Treatment 3: Treatment 1 diet+0.004% synthetic tryptophan. The total tryptophan level was 0.180%. Treatment 4: Treatment 1 diet+0.631% synthetic tryptophan. The total tryptophan level was 0.237%. There were 4 treatments in Trial 3. Treatment 1: cornsoybean diet+10% meat and bone meal. The total tryptophan level was 0.176%. Treatment 2: Treatment 1 diet+0.061% synthetic tryptophan. The total tryptophan level was 0.237%. Treatment 3: Treatment 2 diet+0.061% synthetic tryptophan. The total tryptophan level was 0.298%. Treatment 4: corn-soybean diet+10% meat and bone meal+5% SDPP. The total tryptophan level was 0.180%. The results of Trial 1 showed that the piglets ate significantly more (p<0.05) when feed included SDPP in the diet during the first 2 weeks. The feed intake also increased when synthetic tryptophan was added in the 5% meat and bone meal diet; however, the difference did not reach a significant level (p>0.05) during the first 2 weeks. Three weeks onwards the feed intake of 5% meat and bone meal treatment was significantly lower (p<0.05) than for the other three treatments. The results of Trial 2 showed that the feed intake could be significantly improved only when the total tryptophan level reached 0.237%. Piglets in the 5% SDPP treatment had higher feed intake than piglets in 10% meat and bone meal treatment with 0.180% of tryptophan, but did not reach a significant level (p<0.05). Body weight gain also had the same trend as feed intake. The pigs in Treatment 1, the lowest total level of tryptophan treatment (0.176%), had lowest feed intake and weight gain, but the difference did not reach a significant level (p>0.05). The pigs in Treatment 1 of Trial 3 had the lowest feed intake and weight gain (p>0.05). Treatment 2 (0.237%) had the highest average feed intake from Week 1 to Week 5; the second best result was recorded in Treatment 4. As for the weight gain of the piglets in Treatment 4 (5% SDPP), they had a higher average weight during the first 3 weeks. The feed efficiency was better for Treatment 4 (5% SDPP) during the first 2 weeks. The results of these trials showed that both SDPP and tryptophan had a trend to improve the feed intake and weight gain.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 1999

Successful produciton of seedlings for marine fish species are highly influenced by the aquisiton of sufficient number of good-quality eggs on required time. human chorionic gonadotropin has been used to induce successful ovulation for the purpose. Rabbitfish, siganus canaliculatus, is inhabited along the coast of Cheju Province and treated valuably for raw fish and fish roasted with seasoning. Female wild-captured rabbitfish (314 to 279 g in body weigth) were injected into intraperitoneal space with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) of 5,00,1,000, and 1,500 IU/kg body weight during spawning season of July 14 (trial 1), and July 27 (trial 2). Test fish in trial 1 were injected two times, first on July 14 and second on July 21 with one weekinterval because of no ovulation symptoms, but just one time in trial 2. All females injected both 1,000 and 1,500 IU/kg body weight ovulated in all trials. Among 500 IU/kg injection treatments, just one female ovulated in trial 1 showing 25% of ovulation rate, but none ovulated in trial 2. Ovulation was not occurred in control goups during test period. Time to reach ovulation after injection was 172 to 270 hours in trial 1 and 77 to 132 hours in trial 2, showing shorter as spawning season approached. Generally, ovulation of smaller females were late than that of larger ones. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and pseudo-gonadosomatic index (Pseudo-GSI) were ranged 22 to 33% and 19 to 28%, respectively. One female spawned 406,200 to 1,032,000 eggs, and obtainable eggs per 100g of body weight were calculated by 130,000 to 190,000. Spawning rates were comparatively high by 96.0 to 98.4%. Rates to reach embryo-formation and hatching were higher in 500 high by 96.0 to 98.4%. Rates to reach embryo-formation and hatching were higher in 500 and 1,000 IU/kg treatments than in 1,500 IU/kg treatment. The result of present study demontrates that HCG treatment during spawning season could become very useful for ovulation of rabbitfish and the suitable dosage was suggested as 1,000 IU/kg of body weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2007

This study examined the caponization effects on the muscle characteristics (quality and quantity) of caponized male chickens fed before or after sexual maturity. Healthy and uniform Single Comb White Leghorn chickens were caponized at 3-week-old. Feeding was conducted until 16-week-old in trial 1 or from 12-week-old to 26-week-old in trial 2. Ten sham operated male chickens (Sham) were also assigned to each trial as the control group. Chickens used in both trials were housed in individual cages with each chicken representing one replicate. The results showed that early caponization (3-week-old) significantly increased (p<0.05) body weight and pectoral major muscle weight and percentage at 16-week-old compared to the Sham in trial 1. Caponization significantly increased (p<0.05) the protein content of the pectoral major muscle, but decreased (p<0.05) the ash content. Late caponization (12-week-old) significantly decreased (p<0.05) the ash content, myofibrillar ATPase activity and emulsification capacity of the pectoral major muscle in mature capons (26-week-old) compared to the Sham in trial 2. Early caponization (3-week-old) only increased the weight and protein content of the pectoral major muscle with decreased ash content in 16-week-old capons. Late caponization (12-week-old) showed no affects on pectoral major muscle quantity, while it decreased the ATPase activity and enhanced the emulsification capacity in mature (26-week-old) capons. Hence, the muscle quality improvement was shown as capons were fed to sexual maturity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caponization on the bone characteristics, biomechanical property and histology in Taiwan country chickens fed to market age of 26 wks. Male Taiwan country chickens $D{\times}L_2$ were caponized or sham-operated at 8 wks of age, and selected healthy sham-operated and completely caponized chickens (prominent degenerated comb) were selected at 16 wks old and fed to 26 wks old for the trials. Fifteen intact male chickens (Intact), sham-operated chickens (Sham) and caponized chickens (Capon) were assigned for trial 1, and sixteen Intact and Capon were assigned for trial 2. Results in trial 1 showed that the abdominal fat and relative abdominal fat weights of Capon were significantly heavier than Intact and Sham (p<0.05), while the tibia weight and relative weight were the lightest (p<0.05). The tibia breaking strength, bending moment and stress of Capon were the poorest among groups (p<0.05). The trial 2 produced the similar observation that Capon were significantly lighter than Intact (p<0.05) in the tibia weight, relative tibia weight and their biomechanical properties. On histological determinations, Capon showed a thinner cartilage end and fewer chondrocytes (about 50%) and trabecular, and bigger marrow cavity; while decreased hemopoietic cells number with increased adipocytes than Intact observed by H&E stain and at low magnification. At high magnification, Capon showed a decrease in the chondrocyte size by 33 to 50%, with smaller nucleus located near the cell membrane, and exhibited monocellular form chondrocytes. Capon also showed a less strongly acidic sulfated mucosubstance with weaker dyeing property within cartilage zone, and smaller chondrocytes size by Alcian blue stain.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.137-155
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• 1989

In order investigate the effect of Boyanghwanotang (BT) on thrombosis, Sprague-Dawley rats injected endotoxin into the caudal vein were oral administrated solid extract of BT-182. 4mg/200g (Sample A) and 364.8mg/200g (Sample B), and then observed Platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and FDP. Another group injected hydrocortisone acetate into the muscular rump were adopted to observe the effect of BT on elevated blood Viscosity, administrated Sample A and Sample B, thereafter measured body weight, body temperature, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, glucose, albumin, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and prothrombin time. 1. Platelet was increased significantly in Sample B compared with the control group. 2. Fibrinogen of the trial groups compared with the control group was increased, and revealed a significance in Sample B. 3. Prothrombin time was decreased significantly in the trial groups compared with the control group. 4. FDP was decreased in the trial groups compared with the control group. 5. Body weight was increased significantly in Sample B after 7 days, body temperature revealed a significance in the trial groups after 5 days. 6. Whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of lower shear rates, both were highly decreased in the trial groupn than the control group. 7. The increase of WBC and decrease of hematocrit, RBC and hemoglobin was showed in the trial groups, and Sample B revealed a significance on the increase of WBC and decrease of RBC. 8. The increase of prothrombin time and decrease of glucose, albumin, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol was showed in the trial group, and Sample B revealed a Significance on the increase of prothrombin time and decrease of albumin, total protein and triglyceride. 9. As compare with Sample A and Sample B, generally Sample B was highly Significant. According to the above results, it was considered that Boyanghwanotang may be the curative effects for thrombosis and elevated blood viscosity.