• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.257-266
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• 2021

This study evaluated several in vitro activities including the preliminary assessment of the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects of tree sprout extracts. Chlorogenic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acid contents in tree sprouts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and an ultraviolet detector. Among the studied tree sprout extracts, the ethanol (EtOH) extract of Rhus verniciflua exhibited the most potent anti-cancer effect by suppressing the cell viability of a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, with an IC₅₀ of 7.06 ㎍/mL. The EtOH extract of Morus alba (MAB) inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, with an IC₅₀ of 83.44 ㎍/mL. Moreover, the EtOH extract of Securinega suffruticosa inhibited NO secretion with the lowest IC₅₀ of 54.42 ㎍/mL. The EtOH extract of Fraxinus mandschurica was the only extract with effective α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The total content of chlorogenic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids was the highest in MAB (14.63 mg/g ext.). In conclusion, the beneficial activities of the tree sprout extracts with high phenolic acid content were generally high. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the development of health-promoting supplements and functional foods.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2010

Effective sampling method and distribution of earthworms in turfgrasses of golf courses were investigated at 10 Korean golf clubs. Tea tree extract was highly effective in extracting Eisenia andrei compared with mustard oil or formalin. 1000-fold diluent of tea tree extract (4 L/$m^2$) was more effective than 500- and 2000-fold. Sampling efficacy of earthworm increased as soil depth decreased. Additional watering after treatment of tea tree extract did not significantly influence the sampling of earthworms. Eight earthworm species in 4 genera were collected from turfgrasses of 10 golf courses with 4 L of 1000-fold diluent of tea tree extract (15% tea saponin)/$m^2$. Among, dominant earthworm was Amynthas heteropodus and collected 147 individuals from 6 golf clubs. Thirteen Drawida japonica was collected from 3 golf clubs and A. hilgendorfi and A. hupeiensis were collected from 2 golf clubs. A. hupeiensis was not collected with 1000-fold diluent of tea tree extract (15% tea saponin)/$m^2$.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.612-616
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• 2006

The protective effect of water extract of ash tree leaves (ALE) against oxidative damages was investigated in paracetamol-induced BALB/c mice. Biochemical analysis of anti-oxidative enzymes, immunoblot analyses of hepatic cytochrome P450 2El (CYP2E1), and the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$) were examined to determine the extract's protective effect and its possible mechanisms. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: normal, paracetamol-administered, and ALE-pretreated groups. A single dose of paracetamol led to a marked increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA). This was associated with a significant reduction in the hepatic antioxidant system, e.g., glutathione (GSH). Paracetamol administration also significantly elevated the expression of CYP2E1, according to immunoblot analysis, and of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in liver. However, ALE pretreatment prior to the administration of paracetamol significantly decreased hepatic MDA levels. ALE restored hepatic glutathione and catalase levels and suppressed the expression of CYP2E1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ observed in inflammatory tissues. Moreover, ALE restored mitochondrial ATP content depleted by the drug administration. These results show that the extract of ash tree leaves protects against paracetamol-induced oxidative damages by blocking oxidative stress and CYP2E1-mediated paracetamol bioactivation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.313-323
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• 2022

To investigate antioxidant effects of tea tree root extracts using various extraction methods, cytotoxicity, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, SOD, nitrite scavenging activity and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity were measured. Cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7 cells was not observed at concentrations treated with below 90 ㎍/mL in all extracts. The maximum DPPH radical, nitrite scavenging, SOD activity and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation were obtained at the ethylacetate and 70% ethanol extract. The maximum ABTS radical scavenging activity was obtained at the ethylacetate and hot water extract. However, in the case of reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity, they were obtained at 70% ethanol and hexane extract, respectively. Nitrate scavenging activity showed the most excellent scavenging ability of 59.6% at 90 ㎍/mL of ethylacetate. The hexane extract had the highest ferrous ion chelating activity, showing 61.05% at 50 ㎍/mL, 66.07% at 70 ㎍/mL and 76.81% at 90 ㎍/mL, respectively. The results of this research show that the ethylacetate and 70% ethanol extracts of tea tree root can be used as a natural material for scavenging the radicals. However, future study is necessary to understand the mechanism of antioxidant activity by identification of substances.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.172-184
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a natural product of cherry tree (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea: PS) as a test substance for improving cytokine and ovalbumin-specific IgE using an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model of 5-week-old male BALB/c mice. Lung tissue pathology was analyzed to confirm anti-inflammatory and asthmatic effects. As a result of examining the effect on changes in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model by administering the PS sample, total cells, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes were significantly decreased. Concentrations of cytokine-based TNF-alpha and IL-4 and immunoglobulin E in serum were significantly increased in the asthma-inducing negative control group than in the normal group. However, high concentrations of PS decreased them. In histopathological examination of the lung tissue, it was confirmed that inflammatory cells infiltrated around the alveoli and bronchioles were increased in ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model. After administration of cherry tree extract, bronchiolar morphological changes such as mucosal thickening were slightly improved. From the above results, it was confirmed that extract of cherry tree significantly reduced inflammation expression and tissue damage in alveolar tissues. It was also confirmed that the cherry tree extract had an excellent efficacy in improving asthma inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 2001

Allelopathic effects of the cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) on several crops and soil miro-organisms were assessed using germination bioassay and antimicrobial assay, and allelochemicals were identified. In a germination bioassay, extract of cork tree inhibited at high concentration on germination of several crop seeds such as cabbage, lettuce, and cucumber. However, aqueous extracts inhibited powerfully growth of test organisms such as Streptococus aureus, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and E. coli as bacteria, and Candida albicans as yeast, and Botrytis cineria and Alternata alternaria as fungi.. The cork tree extract showed strong antimicrobial activities against isolated soil fungi. The allelochemicals were separated using Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and HPLC. The substances were analyzed by UV spectrometry and EI-mass spectrometry. The active allelochemicals were identified as isoquinoline alkaloids, berberine and palmatine.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.5
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• pp.673-682
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• 2009

XML data are widely used for data representation and exchange on the Web and the data type is an continuous stream in ubiquitous environment. Therefore there are some mining researches related to the extracting of frequent structures and the efficient query processing of XML stream data. In this paper, we propose a mining method to extract frequent structures of XML stream data in recent window based on the sliding window. XML stream data are modeled as a tree set, called XFP_tree and we quickly extract the frequent structures over recent XML data in the XFP_tree.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.610-615
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drinking of Rhus tree-extract on laying performance and egg quality in hens. Four hundred eighty, 55-wk-old ISA brown, laying hens were divided into six groups, control, Rhus tree-extract 500 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm and 5,000 ppm. The hens were fed a supplemented drink containing Rhus tree-extract for 12 weeks. Egg production and egg mass increased by drinking Rhus tree-extract (p<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio also improved in Rhus tree-extract groups. Cecal numbers of Lactobacillus spp., E. coli and Salmonella were not different in treatments. Availability of protein and ash improved in the Rhus extract groups. The eggshell breaking strength and egg shell thickness were significantly increased in Rhus tree-extract 3,000 ppm and Rhus tree-extract 2,000 ppm groups compared to the other groups. Also, egg yolk color and Haugh unit were significantly improved by the dietary Rhus tree-extract (p<0.05).

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.603-605
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• 2006

Our previous study demonstrated that aqueous ethanolic extract of hardy rubber tree (HRT; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaves potently inhibited glycation, and that two known flavonols and one new flavonol were the active compounds in protein glycation in vitro using the model system of bovine serum albumin and fructose. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of HRT extract and its flavonols against the glycation of hemoglobin (Hb) in primary cultured rat erythrocytes. The extract at $40-400\;{\mu}g/mL$ and the flavonols at $0.2-20\;{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited Hb glycation in a concentration-dependent manner. They were more effective than aminoguanidine, a well-known inhibitor of glycation. Three flavonols seemed to be responsible for the inhibitory activity of the extract, furthermore, the extract of HRT leaves showed advantages over single isolated flavonols in the inhibition of Hb glycation.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.464-478
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• 2003

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental facts play critical roles in cellular damage and aging. The extract of tinged autumnal leaves of maple tree(Acer palmatum) has proven to be a powerful antioxidant. The Acer palmatum extract is very effective on the stabilization of biological membranes( containing unsaturated fatty acid). We studied photoprotective effect of the extract against UVB-induced cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. The extract improved cell viability comparing to control after UVB irradiation. In the determination test of pro inflammatory cytokines the extract decreased expression of interleukin 1 a and 6, which play an important role in inflammation and skin erythema caused by UV. We also studied property of varying cosmetic formulations on the percutaneous absorption of the extract. After 24 hour in vitro penetration study, the content of the extract was more highly detected in skin residue part. This result showed the extract had relatively high compatibility of skin in our emulsion system. On human skin, after appling the product containing the extract we obtained a good result of antiwrinkle effect by skin visiometer. In conclusion, the Acer palmatum extract is a photoprotective and very effective in stressed and aged skin care. And we can predict the extract mainly affects on the skin cell and tissue in our emulsion system.